1800 United States House of Representatives elections in New York

United States House of Representatives elections in New York, 1800

←  1798 April 29-May 1, 1800 1802  →
All 10 New York seats to the United States House of Representatives
Majority party Minority party   Party Democratic-Republican Federalist Last election 6 4 Seats won 6 4 Seat change Popular vote 25,040 21,031 Percentage 54.4% 45.6%

The 1800 United States House of Representatives elections in New York were held from April 29 to May 1, 1800, to elect ten U.S. Representatives to represent the State of New York in the United States House of Representatives of the 7th United States Congress.

Background

Ten U.S. Representatives had been elected in April 1798 to a term in the 6th United States Congress beginning on March 4, 1797. Jonathan N. Havens had died in October 1799, and John Smith was elected to fill the vacancy. Their term would end on March 3, 1801. The congressional elections were held together with the State elections in late April, about ten months before the term would start on March 4, 1801, and about a year and a half before Congress actually met on December 7, 1801.

Congressional districts

On March 27, 1797, the New York State Legislature had re-apportioned the congressional districts. The districts remained the same as at the previous election in April 1798, but two new counties were created in 1799: in the 7th D., Essex Co. was split from Clinton Co.; and in the 10th D., Cayuga Co. was split from Onondaga Co.

• The 1st District comprising Kings, Queens, Suffolk and Richmond counties.
• The 2nd District comprising the first six wards of New York County.
• The 3rd District comprising the 7th Ward of New York County, and Westchester and Rockland ^[1] counties.
• The 4th District comprising Orange, Ulster and Delaware counties.
• The 5th District comprising Dutchess County.
• The 6th District comprising Columbia and Rensselaer counties.
• The 7th District comprising Clinton, Saratoga, Washington and Essex counties.
• The 8th District comprising Albany and Schoharie counties.
• The 9th District comprising Herkimer, Montgomery, Chenango and Oneida counties.
• The 10th District comprising Ontario, Otsego, Tioga, Onondaga, Steuben and Cayuga counties.

Note: There are now 62 counties in the State of New York. The counties which are not mentioned in this list had not yet been established, or sufficiently organized, the area being included in one or more of the abovementioned counties.

Result

6 Democratic-Republicans and 4 Federalists were elected. The incumbents Smith, Van Cortlandt, Elmendorf and Bird were re-elected.

1800 United States House election result

District	Democratic-Republican		Federalist		Also ran
1	John Smith	2,259	Silas Wood	1,774
2	Samuel L. Mitchill	2,180	Jacob Morton	2,091
3	Philip Van Cortlandt	2,070	Samuel Bayard	1,400
4	Lucas Elmendorf	3,305	Leonard Bronk	178	John Hathorn (DR)	2,026
5	Thomas Tillotson	1,991	David Brooks	1,244
6	Henry W. Livingston (DR)	2,085	John Bird	2,446	John Woodworth (DR)	52
7	David Thomas	2,987	John Williams	2,810	John Thompson (DR)	78
8	George Tiffany	1,093	Killian K. Van Rensselaer	1,350	Henry Glen (Fed.)	239
9	Jacob Eaker	2,274	Benjamin Walker	4,238
10	William Stuart	2,377	Thomas Morris	3,261	John Paterson (DR)	263

Note: The Anti-Federalists called themselves "Republicans." However, at the same time, the Federalists called them "Democrats" which was meant to be pejorative. After some time both terms got more and more confused, and sometimes used together as "Democratic Republicans" which later historians have adopted (with a hyphen) to describe the party from the beginning, to avoid confusion with both the later established and still existing Democratic and Republican parties.

Aftermath and special elections

Dem.-Rep. Thomas Tillotson, who had been elected in the 5th D., was appointed Secretary of State of New York on August 10, 1801, and resigned his seat before Congress met.

Fed. John Bird, who had been re-elected in the 6th D. to a second term, resigned his seat on July 25, 1801, before Congress met.

Special elections to fill the vacancies were held in October 1801, and were won by Theodorus Bailey and John P. Van Ness, both Dem.-Rep. Thus New York was represented by 7 Democratic-Republicans and 3 Federalists in the House of the 7th Congress.

1801 United States House special election result

District	Democratic-Republican		Federalist
5	Theodorus Bailey	915	Samuel Mott	650
6	John P. Van Ness	1,981	Hezekiah L. Hosmer	1,111

The House of Representatives of the 7th United States Congress met for the first time at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., on December 7, 1801, and all ten representatives from New York took their seats on this day. ^[2]

John P. Van Ness was appointed by President Thomas Jefferson as a major in the militia of the Territory of Columbia and on January 17, 1803, his seat was declared vacant. ^[3]

Notes

1. In the Act of March 23, 1797, the Towns of Clarkstown, Haverstraw, Hempsted and Orangetown are mentioned. These towns were split from Orange County in 1798, before the election, to form Rockland County.
2. Abridgment of the Debates in Congress from 1789 to 1856 (Vol. II; page 569)
3. Article I, Section 6, of the United States Constitution says that "...no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office." The question, if a militia appointment in the federal district is such an office, was put to the whole House and answered unanimously in the affirmative, see Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States (Vol. IV; page 290)

Sources

• The New York Civil List compiled in 1858 (see: pg. 65 for district apportionment; pg. 68 for Congressmen)
• Election result 1st D. at Tufts University Library project "A New Nation Votes", compiled by Phil Lampi
• Election result 2nd D. at "A New Nation Votes"
• Election result 3rd D. at "A New Nation Votes"
• Election result 4th D. at "A New Nation Votes"
• Election result 5th D. at "A New Nation Votes"
• Election result 6th D. at "A New Nation Votes"
• Election result 7th D. at "A New Nation Votes"
• Election result 8th D. at "A New Nation Votes"
• Election result 9th D. at "A New Nation Votes"
• Election result 10th D. at "A New Nation Votes"
• Special election result 5th D. at "A New Nation Votes"
• Special election result 6th D. at "A New Nation Votes"