The 17th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. While its term was officially March 4, 1821, to March 4, 1823, during the fifth and sixth years of James Monroe's presidency, its first session began on December 3, 1821, ending on May 8, 1822, and its second session began on December 2, 1822, to March 3, 1823. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the third Census of the United States in 1810. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.
The 18th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1823, to March 4, 1825, during the seventh and eighth years of James Monroe's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.
Philip Reed was a United States Senator representing Maryland from 1806 to 1813.
The 1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections were held at various dates in different states between July 1822 and August 1823 during President James Monroe's second term.
The 1820 and 1821 United States House of Representatives elections were held at various dates in different states between July 1820 and August 1821 as President James Monroe won reelection unopposed.
The 1822 United States House of Representatives elections in New York were held from November 4 to 6, 1822, to elect 34 U.S. Representatives to represent the State of New York in the United States House of Representatives of the 18th United States Congress.
The 1824 United States House of Representatives elections in New York were held from November 1 to 3, 1824, to elect 34 U.S. Representatives to represent the State of New York in the United States House of Representatives of the 19th United States Congress.
The 1822 and 1823 United States Senate elections were elections for the United States Senate that had the Democratic-Republican Party continue almost complete control of the Senate.
Although Maine neither gained nor lost seats after the 1820 United States Census, redistricting placed two incumbents into the 3rd district. Maine elected its members April 7, 1823, after the term began but before the new Congress convened. Maine law required a majority for election, with additional ballots taken if a majority were not achieved. This proved necessary in 1823 in the 1st, 3rd, 4th, and 6th districts, but all members were still chosen before the new Congress convened.
Maryland elected its members October 2, 1820.
Massachusetts elected its members November 4, 1822. Massachusetts law required a majority for election, which was not met in 3 districts, necessitating additional elections on March 3, 1823, and May 12, 1823; nevertheless, all elections were complete before the new Congress convened.
South Carolina elected its members February 12–13, 1823.
Special elections were held in Maryland's 5th congressional district on January 1, 1823, to fill vacancies in the 17th and 18th Congresses caused by the resignation of Samuel Smith (DR) after being elected to the Senate. Smith had been re-elected to the House in October. His resignation therefore created vacancies both in the remainder of the 17th Congress and in the 18th Congress.
On May 8, 1822, the last day of the First Session of the 17th Congress, William Milnor (F) of Pennsylvania's 1st district resigned. A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy on October 1, 1822, a week before the general elections for the 18th Congress.
On May 8, 1822, the last day of the First Session of the 17th Congress, Henry Baldwin (DR) of Pennsylvania's 14th district resigned from Congress. A special election was held on October 1, 1822 to fill the resulting vacancy.
On May 20, 1822, Samuel Moore (DR) of Pennsylvania's 6th district resigned. A special election was held on October 1, 1822 to fill the resulting vacancy.
On October 17, 1822, Ludwig Worman (F) of Pennsylvania's 7th district died in office. A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy on December 10, 1822
The 1822 United States elections occurred in the middle of Democratic-Republican President James Monroe's second term, and was the last election of the First Party System. Members of the 18th United States Congress were chosen in this election. The 1820 census added 26 seats to the House. Democratic-Republicans continued to dominate both chambers of Congress.
Virginia lost one seat in reapportionment following the 1820 United States Census. Nineteen incumbents ran for re-election, leaving three open seats. Virginia elected its members in April 1823 after the term began, but before the new Congress convened.
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