The Convention Relating to the Distribution of Programme-Carrying Signals Transmitted by Satellite was opened for signature on 21 May 1974 [1] in Brussels and entered into force on 25 August 1979. [2] It is overseen by the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space.
Convention provides for the obligation of each Contracting State to take adequate measures to prevent the unauthorized distribution on or from its territory of any programme-carrying signal transmitted by satellite. [3]
As of 2014, the convention has been ratified by 37 states; there are 10 other states that have signed it but have not yet ratified it. [4]
As of 2023, the convention has been ratified by 39 states. [5]
| Participant | Signature | Ratification | Accession | Succession |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Argentina | Mar 26, 1975 | |||
 Armenia | Sep 13, 1993 | |||
 Australia | Jul 26, 1990 | |||
 Austria | Mar 26, 1975 | May 6, 1982 | ||
 Bahrain | Feb 1, 2007 | |||
 Belgium | May 21, 1974 | |||
 Bosnia and Herzegovina | Jan 12, 1994 | |||
 Brazil | May 21, 1974 | |||
 Chile | Mar 8, 2011 | |||
 Colombia | Dec 20, 2013 | |||
 Costa Rica | Mar 25, 1999 | |||
 Côte d'Ivoire | May 21, 1974 | |||
 Croatia | Jul 26, 1993 | |||
 Cyprus | May 21, 1974 | |||
 El Salvador | Apr 22, 2008 | |||
 France | Mar 27, 1975 | |||
 Germany | May 21, 1974 | May 25, 1979 | ||
 Greece | Jul 22, 1991 | |||
 Honduras | Jan 7, 2008 | |||
 Israel | May 21, 1974 | |||
 Italy | May 21, 1974 | Apr 7, 1981 | ||
 Jamaica | Oct 12, 1999 | |||
 Kenya | May 21, 1974 | Jan 6, 1976 | ||
 Lebanon | May 21, 1974 | |||
 Mexico | May 21, 1974 | Mar 18, 1976 | ||
 Montenegro | Oct 23, 2006 | |||
 Morocco | May 21, 1974 | Mar 31, 1983 | ||
 Nicaragua | Dec 1, 1975 | |||
 Oman | Dec 18, 2007 | |||
 Panama | Jun 25, 1985 | |||
 Peru | May 7, 1985 | |||
 Portugal | Dec 11, 1995 | |||
 South Korea | Dec 19, 2011 | |||
 Republic of Moldova | Jul 28, 2008 | |||
 Russian Federation | Oct 20, 1988 | |||
 Rwanda | Apr 25, 2001 | |||
 Senegal | May 21, 1974 | |||
 Serbia | Mar 12, 2001 | |||
 Singapore | Jan 27, 2005 | |||
 Slovenia | Nov 3, 1992 | |||
 Spain | May 21, 1974 | |||
 Switzerland | May 21, 1974 | Jun 24, 1993 | ||
 Republic of Macedonia | Sep 2, 1997 | |||
 Togo | Mar 10, 2003 | |||
 Trinidad and Tobago | Aug 1, 1996 | |||
 United States of America | May 21, 1974 | Dec 7, 1984 | ||
 Viet Nam | Oct 12, 2005 |
The World Intellectual Property Organization Copyright Treaty is an international treaty on copyright law adopted by the member states of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in 1996. It provides additional protections for copyright to respond to advances in information technology since the formation of previous copyright treaties before it. As of August 2023, the treaty has 115 contracting parties. The WCT and WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty, are together termed WIPO "internet treaties".
The World Intellectual Property Organization is one of the 15 specialized agencies of the United Nations (UN). Pursuant to the 1967 Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization, WIPO was created to promote and protect intellectual property (IP) across the world by cooperating with countries as well as international organizations. It began operations on 26 April 1970 when the convention entered into force. The current Director General is Singaporean Daren Tang, former head of the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore, who began his term on 1 October 2020.
The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, signed in Paris, France, on 20 March 1883, was one of the first intellectual property treaties. It established a Union for the protection of industrial property. The convention is still in force in 2024. The substantive provisions of the Convention fall into three main categories: national treatment, priority right and common rules.
The WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty is an international treaty signed by the member states of the World Intellectual Property Organization and was adopted in Geneva on 20 December 1996. It came into effect on 20 May 2002. As of August 2023, the treaty has been 112 contracting parties.
The Patent Law Treaty (PLT) is a treaty signed on 1 June 2000 in Geneva, Switzerland, by 53 States and the European Patent Organisation. It entered into force on April 28, 2005. It aims at harmonizing and streamlining formal procedures such as the requirements to obtain a filing date for a patent application, the form and content of a patent application, and representation. The treaty "does not establish a uniform procedure for all parties to the PLT but leaves parties free to require fewer or more user-friendly requirements than those provided in the PLT." As of February 2023, the PLT had 43 contracting states.
The Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations also known as the International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organisations and the Rome Convention, secures protection in performances for performers, in phonograms for producers of phonograms and in broadcasts for broadcasting organizations.
Traditional knowledge (TK), indigenous knowledge (IK), folk knowledge, and local knowledge generally refer to knowledge systems embedded in the cultural traditions of regional, indigenous, or local communities.
Republic Act No. 8293, otherwise known as the Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines, defines a trademark as “any visible sign capable of distinguishing goods”. Early jurisprudence has taken it to mean “a sign, device or mark by which the articles produced or dealt in by a particular person or organization are distinguished or distinguishable from those produced or dealt in by others, and must be affixed to goods or articles”.
The Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle or OAPI is an intellectual property organization, headquartered in Yaoundé, Cameroon. The organisation was created by Bangui Agreement of March 2, 1977. The Bangui Agreement was subsequently amended in 1999.
The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, usually known as the Berne Convention, was an international assembly held in 1886 in the Swiss city of Bern by ten European countries with the goal of agreeing on a set of legal principles for the protection of original work. They drafted and adopted a multi-party contract containing agreements for a uniform, border-crossing system that became known under the same name. Its rules have been updated many times since then. The treaty provides authors, musicians, poets, painters, and other creators with the means to control how their works are used, by whom, and on what terms. In some jurisdictions these type of rights are referred to as copyright; on the European continent they are generally referred to as author' rights or makerright.
The Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks was adopted in Singapore on 28 March 2006. It entered into force on 16 March 2009, following the ratification or accession of ten countries, namely Singapore, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Romania, Denmark, Latvia, Kyrgyzstan, United States, Moldova, and Australia. The treaty establishes common standards for procedural aspects of trademark registration and licensing.
The copyright law of South Africa governs copyright, the right to control the use and distribution of artistic and creative works, in the Republic of South Africa. It is embodied in the Copyright Act, 1978 and its various amendment acts, and administered by the Companies and Intellectual Property Commission in the Department of Trade and Industry. As of March 2019 a major amendment to the law in the Copyright Amendment Bill has been approved by the South African Parliament and is awaiting signature by the President.
The Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances is a multilateral treaty which regulates copyright for audiovisual performances and expands the performers' rights. It was adopted on 26 June 2012 by the Diplomatic Conference on the Protection of Audiovisual Performances of the World Intellectual Property Organization, in which 156 WIPO member states, six intergovernmental, and six non-governmental organizations participated. Forty-eight countries signed the treaty on 26 June, followed by 19 other countries in 2012 and 2013. The treaty entered into force on 28 April 2020 following the receipt of the 30th ratification or accession and as of August 2021 has 42 contracting parties.
Republic Act No. 8293, otherwise known as The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines lays down the rules and regulations that grant, and enforce patents in the Philippines. Patents may be granted to technical solutions such as an inventions, machines, devices, processes, or an improvement of any of the foregoing. The technical solution must be novel, innovative, and industrially useful. In order for a technical solution to be granted a patent, the inventor must file an application to the Bureau of Patents, which will examine, and in some cases, grant its approval. The law is designed as to foster domestic creativity, to attract foreign investors, and to motivate inventors to release their products for public access.
The Constitution of Azerbaijan generally recognizes the right to intellectual property (IP), and ensures the protection of IP rights of all persons. In order to clarify the norm of Constitution, and establish the legal basis of the protection of intellectual property rights, the parliament of Azerbaijan approved some laws, and ratified international agreements.
The Intellectual Property Agency of Armenia (AIPA) is the patent office of Armenia. The agency works under the supervision of the Ministry of Economy of Armenia and is tasked with granting patent and IP address protections, trademarks, and copyrights for objects of industrial property, inventions and usage patterns, industrial design, and commercial and service marks, among others.
The Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore is in charge of negotiating one or several international legal instruments (treaty) to protect traditional knowledge, traditional cultural expressions, and genetic resources in relation with intellectual property, thus bridging existing gaps in international law. The IGC is convened in Geneva by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), and has been meeting regularly since 2001.
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