There are 137 Grade II* listed war memorials in England, out of over 4,000 listed war memorials. In the United Kingdom, a listed building is a building or structure of special historical or architectural importance; listing offers the building legal protection against demolition or modification, which requires permission from the local planning authority. Listed buildings are divided into three categories—Grade I, Grade II*, and Grade II—which reflect the relative significance of the structure and may be a factor in planning decisions. Grade I is the most significant and accounts for 2.5% of listed buildings, while Grade II accounts for 92%. Grade II* is the intermediate grade accounting for the remaining 5.5%; it is reserved for "particularly important buildings of more than special interest".
A war memorial listed at Grade II* may be of particular artistic interest or accomplishment, of a highly unusual design, or of significant historical interest below that required for Grade I. It is explicitly unnecessary for the architect or sculptor to be well known in order for a memorial to be listed at Grade II*. [1] [2] As part of the commemorations of the centenary of the First World War, Historic England—the government body responsible for listing in England—is running a project with the aim of significantly increasing the number of war memorials on the National Heritage List for England. [3]
This list includes only memorials that are Grade II* listed buildings in their own right. Memorials which are not free-standing—such as a plaque on a church wall—or which form part of the curtilage of a listed building—such as a sculpture within a building—but do not have their own entry on the National Heritage List for England are not included.
War memorials in England take a wide variety of forms and commemorate centuries of conflicts, though memorials to conflicts and the soldiers who fought in them—rather than exclusively commemorating victorious commanders—only started to be commonplace after the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, which ended the Napoleonic Wars. The aftermath of the First World War (1914–1918) produced significantly more memorials than any other single conflict; thus this list is dominated by First World War memorials, many of which were later re-dedicated or added to reflect losses from the Second World War (1939–1945).
The list below also features five memorials to the Second Boer War (1899–1902), to which around 1,000 memorials were built in Britain, four commissioned specifically to commemorate the Second World War, and one each to the Seven Years' War (1756–1763) and the Crimean War (1853–1856). [4]
Name | ID | Image | Location | Conflict | Architect | Type | Inauguration date | Listing date |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mells War Memorial | 1058315 | Mells, Somerset | First and Second World Wars | Sir Edwin Lutyens | Miscellaneous | 1921 | 1 January 1969 | |
Merchant Seamen's Memorial | 1031597 | Tower Hill, London Borough of Tower Hamlets | Second World War | Sir Edward Maufe | Memorial garden | 1955 | 15 April 1998 | |
Radcliffe Cenotaph | 1067192 | Radcliffe, Greater Manchester | First and Second World Wars | Sydney Marsh | Cenotaph | 1922 | 10 March 1992 | |
Stockton-on-Tees War Memorial | 1139979 | Stockton-on-Tees, County Durham | First World War | Henry Vaughan Lanchester | Sculptures on plinth | 1923 | 19 January 1951 | |
Hoylake and West Kirby War Memorial | 1116883 | West Kirby, Merseyside | First and Second World Wars | Charles Sargeant Jagger | Obelisk and sculptures | 1922 | 24 March 2011 | |
Bromley War Memorial | 1116976 | Bromley, London Borough of Bromley | First and Second World Wars | Sydney March | Obelisk and sculptures | 1922 | 14 December 1995 | |
Beaumont College war memorial | 1119797 | Old Windsor, Berkshire | First World War | Sir Giles Gilbert Scott | Altar and sculpture | 1920 | 26 June 1998 | |
Stalybridge War Memorial | 1163074 | Stalybridge, Greater Manchester | First World War | Ferdinand Victor Blundstone | Sculpture group | 1920 | 6 February 1986 | |
Bridgwater War Memorial | 1197395 | Bridgwater, Somerset | First World War | John Angel | Sculpture | 1924 | 16 December 1974 | |
79th Regiment Memorial | 1205759 | Clifton, Bristol | Seven Years' War (1756–1763) | Unknown | Cenotaph | 1766 | 8 January 1959 | |
Northumberland Fusiliers Gateway, Hexham | 1281571 | Hexham, Northumberland | First World War | Arch | Late 17th/early 18th century | 2 October 1951 | ||
South African War Memorial, York | 1257874 | York, North Yorkshire | Second Boer War | George Frederick Bodley | Cross | 1905 | 1 July 1968 | |
Boer War Memorial Arch, Brompton Barracks | 1375606 | Brompton, Kent | Second Boer War | Ingress Bell | Memorial arch | 1902 | 8 July 1998 | |
North Eastern Railway War Memorial | 1256553 | York, North Yorkshire | First and Second World Wars | Sir Edwin Lutyens | Obelisk, screen walls, and Stone of Remembrance | 1924 | 10 September 1970 | |
South African War Memorial, Clifton College | 1282343 | Bristol | Second Boer War | Alfred Drury | Sculpture on plinth | 1904 | 4 March 1977 | |
Memorial at Cambridge American Cemetery and Memorial | 1376611 | Madingley, Cambridgeshire | Second World War | Perry Dean Rogers Architects | Chapel and memorial wall | 1954 | 25 September 1998 | |
Devon County War Memorial and Processional Way | 1393228 | Exeter, Devon | First and Second World Wars | Sir Edwin Lutyens | Cross | 1921 | 16 April 2009 | |
Folkestone War Memorial | 1393854 | Folkestone, Kent | First and Second World Wars | Ferdinand Victor Blundstone | Sculpture | 1922 | 24 June 2010 | |
24th East Surrey Division War Memorial | 1391503 | Battersea Park, London Borough of Wandsworth | First World War | Eric Kennington | Sculpture | 1924 | 24 August 2005 | |
Cross at Church of All Saints, East Pennard | 1345215 | East Pennard, Somerset | First World War | Unknown | Cross | Fifteenth century, restored 1919 | 2 June 1961 | |
South African War Memorial, Worcester | 1389731 | Worcester, Worcestershire | Second Boer War | William Robert Colton | Sculpture | 1908 | 19 August 1999 | |
Memorial at Holy Trinity Church, Wavertree | 1393740 | Wavertree, Liverpool | First World War | George Herbert Tyson Smith | Cross | 1920 | 7 February 2001 | |
British Medical Association War Memorial | 1378969 | British Medical Association House, Tavistock Square, London Borough of Camden | Second World War | James Woodford | Sculpture | 1954 | 15 April 1998 | |
War memorial at All Saints' Church, Wigan | 1384562 | Wigan, Greater Manchester | First and Second World Wars | Sir Giles Gilbert Scott | Eleanor cross | 1921 | 24 October 1951 | |
Saltburn War Memorial | 1387499 | Saltburn-by-the-Sea, North Yorkshire | First World War | Sir William Reynolds-Stephens | Cross | 1919 | 26 May 1999 | |
Memorial to the Engine Room Heroes | 1209973 | Liverpool, Merseyside | First World War | Sir William Goscombe John | Obelisk | 1916 | 14 March 1975 | |
Commonwealth Air Forces Memorial | 1376599 | Runnymede, Surrey | Second World War | Sir Edward Maufe | Memorial building | 1953 | 25 September 1998 | |
Crimean War Memorial Arch, Brompton Barracks | 1375607 | Brompton, Kent | Crimean War | Sir Matthew Digby Wyatt | Memorial arch | 1856 | 8 July 1998 | |
Midland Railway War Memorial | 1228742 | Derby, Derbyshire | First World War | Sir Edwin Lutyens | Cenotaph and screen wall | 1921 | 24 February 1977 | |
Southport War Memorial | 1379604 | Southport, Merseyside | First and Second World Wars | Grayson and Barnish | Obelisk and colonnades | 1923 | 15 November 1972 | |
South African War Memorial, Haymarket, Newcastle | 1024847 | Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear | Second Boer War | Thomas Eyre Macklin | Sculpture | 1907 | 12 November 1965 | |
Bolton Cenotaph | 1388289 | Bolton, Greater Manchester | First and Second World Wars | Arthur John Hope | Cenotaph and sculptures | 1928 | 30 April 1999 | |
Trumpington War Memorial | 1245571 | Trumpington, Cambridgeshire | First World War | Eric Gill | Cross | 1921 | 12 February 1999 | |
Manchester Cenotaph | 1270697 | St Peter's Square, Manchester, Greater Manchester | First and Second World Wars | Sir Edwin Lutyens | Cenotaph | 1924 | 3 September 1974 | |
Earl Haig Memorial | 1066109 | Whitehall, City of Westminster, London | First World War | Alfred Hardiman | Statue | 1936 | 5 February 1970 | |
Dover Patrol Monument | 1070067 | Dover, Kent | First World War | Sir Aston Webb | Obelisk | 1921 | 22 August 1966 | |
Civil Service Rifles War Memorial | 1237096 | Somerset House, City of Westminster, London | First World War | Sir Edwin Lutyens | Column | 1924 | 1 December 1987 | |
Reigate and Redhill War Memorial | 1242942 | Redhill, Surrey | First World War | Richard Reginald Goulden | Bronze sculpture | 1923 | 18 March 2011 | |
Holy Island War Memorial | 1042308 | Lindisfarne, Northumberland | First and Second World Wars | Sir Edwin Lutyens | Cross | 1922 | 15 May 1986 | |
British Thomson-Houston Company War Memorial | 1392027 | Rugby, Warwickshire | First and Second World Wars | Sir Edwin Lutyens | Cross | 1921 | 13 June 2007 | |
Faversham Munitions Explosion Memorial | 1261010 | Faversham, Kent | First World War | Grave, cross and stone | 1917 | 27 September 1989 | ||
La Délivrance | 1286880 | Finchley, London Borough of Barnet | First World War | Émile Guillaume | Bronze sculpture | 1927 | 7 April 1983 | |
War memorial in War Memorial Park, Coventry | 1410358 | Coventry, West Midlands | First World War | Thomas Francis Tickner | Tower | 1927 | 8 January 2013 | |
Oswaldtwistle War Memorial | 1206103 | Oswaldtwistle, Lancashire | First and Second World Wars | Louis Frederick Roslyn | Cenotaph and statues | 1922 | 9 March 1984 | |
Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regimental War Memorial | 1114178 | Kempston, Bedfordshire | First and Second World Wars | George Allen | Temple and obelisks | 1921 | 17 May 1984 | |
Stourbridge War Memorial | 1116647 | Stourbridge, West Midlands | First World War | Ernest W Pickford | Cenotaph and sculpture | 1923 | 30 October 1939 | |
Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry War Memorial | 1298217 | Bodmin, Cornwall | First World War | Leonard Stanford Merrifield | Sculpture | 1924 | 7 January 1994 | |
Upper North Street School Memorial | 1065215 | Poplar, London Borough of Tower Hamlets | First World War | A R Adams (company) | Traditional funerary sculpture | 1917 | 27 September 1973 | |
Blackpool War Memorial | 1072010 | Blackpool, Lancashire | First and Second World Wars | Ernest Prestwich | Obelisk | 1923 | 20 October 1923 | |
Westfield War Memorial Village memorial | 1195055 | Lancaster, Lancashire | First and Second World Wars | Jennie Delahunt | Bronze Statue | 1926 | 13 March 1995 | |
Keighley War Memorial | 1313949 | Keighley, West Yorkshire | First World War | Henry Charles Fehr | Bronze sculpture | 1924 | 4 December 1986 | |
Ashton-under-Lyne War Memorial | 1067996 | Ashton-under-Lyne, Greater Manchester | First World War | Percy Howard | Cenotaph | 1922 | 14 July 1987 | |
Burwash War Memorial | 1376156 | Burwash, East Sussex | First World War | Sir Charles Nicholson | Cenotaph | 1920 | 25 August 1998 | |
London and North Western Railway War Memorial | 1342044 | Euston railway station, London Borough of Camden | First and Second World Wars | Reginald Wynn Owen | Obelisk | 1921 | 11 January 1999 | |
Macclesfield War Memorial | 1220798 | Macclesfield, Cheshire | First World War | John Millard | Pillar and Bronze sculpture | 1921 | 17 March 1977 | |
Birkenhead War Memorial | 1218058 | Birkenhead, Merseyside | First World War | Lionel Bailey Budden | Cenotaph | 1925 | 28 March 1974 | |
Kingston upon Thames War Memorial | 1080054 | Kingston, London Borough of Kingston upon Thames | First and Second World Wars | Richard Reginald Goulden | Pedestal with sculpture | 1923 | 6 October 1983 | |
Darwen War Memorial | 1072435 | Darwen, Lancashire | First World War | Louis Frederick Roslyn | Cenotaph | 1921 | 27 September 1984 | |
Hythe War Memorial | 1430450 | Hythe, Kent | First and Second World Wars | Gilbert Bayes | Sculpture | 1921 | 4 December 2015 | |
Lytham St Anne's War Memorial | 1196391 | Lytham St Annes, Lancashire | First World War | Thomas Smith Tait | Cenotaph with sculpture | 1923 | 15 February 1993 | |
Harrow School War Memorial Building | 1358630 | Harrow, London | First World War | Sir Herbert Baker | Memorial building | 1926 | 9 July 1968 | |
Shropshire War Memorial | 1270484 | Shrewsbury, Shropshire | First and Second World Wars | George Hubbard | Rotunda and statue | 1922 | 17 November 1995 | |
Lichfield War Memorial | 1187733 | Lichfield, Staffordshire | First World War | Charles Bateman | Sculpture | 1920 | 5 February 1952 | |
Ditchling War Memorial | 1438295 | Ditchling, East Sussex | First World War | Eric Gill | Column | 1919 | 12 October 2016 | |
Newcastle and District War Memorial | 1115605 | Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tyne and Wear | First World War | James Thoburn Cackett and Robert Burns Dick | Sculpture | 1923 | 12 November 1965 | |
Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment Cenotaph | 1086395 | Maidstone, Kent | First and Second World Wars | Sir Edwin Lutyens | Cenotaph | 1921 | 2 August 1974 | |
Huddersfield War Memorial | 1427679 | Huddersfield, West Yorkshire | First and Second World Wars | Sir Charles Nicholson | Cross and colonnade | 1924 | 14 October 2015 | |
Norwich War Memorial | 1051857 | Norwich, Norfolk | First and Second World Wars | Sir Edwin Lutyens | Stone of Remembrance | 1927 | 30 September 1983 | |
Machine Gun Corps Memorial | 1226874 | Hyde Park Corner, City of Westminster, London | First World War | Francis Derwent Wood | Sculpture | 1925 | 5 February 1970 | |
Lewes High Street War Memorial | 1191738 | Lewes, East Sussex | First and Second World Wars | Vernon March | Sculpture | 1924 | 29 October 1985 | |
Busbridge War Memorial | 1044531 | Busbridge, Surrey | First and Second World Wars | Sir Edwin Lutyens | Cross | 1922 | 1 February 1991 | |
Bournemouth War Memorial | 1418017 | Bournemouth, Dorset | First and Second world Wars | Albert Edward Shervey | Memorial stone | 1922 | 12 March 2014 | |
Belgian Monument to the British Nation | 1066168 | Victoria Embankment, City of Westminster, London | First World War | Sir Reginald Blomfield | Sculpture | 1920 | 5 February 1970 | |
29th Division War Memorial | 1034880 | Stretton-on-Dunsmore, Warwickshire | First World War | Robert Bridgeman and Sons | Obelisk | 1921 | 25 August 1987 | |
Royal Berkshire Regiment Cenotaph | 1321912 | Reading, Berkshire | First and Second World Wars | Sir Edwin Lutyens | Cenotaph | 1921 | 22 December 1975 | |
Royal Naval Division War Memorial | 1392454 | Horse Guards Parade, City of Westminster, London | First World War | Sir Edwin Lutyens | Obelisk and fountain | 1925 | 6 March 2008 | |
Southend-on-Sea War Memorial | 1322329 | Southend-on-Sea, Essex | First and Second World Wars | Sir Edwin Lutyens | Obelisk | 1921 | 23 August 1974 | |
War memorial at St Wulfram's Church, Grantham | 1062502 | Grantham, Lincolnshire | First and Second World Wars | Sir Charles Nicholson, Bt | Cross | 1920 | 20 April 1972 | |
Exeter City War Memorial | 1420669 | Northernhay Gardens, Exeter, Devon | First and Second World Wars | John Angel | Sculpture | 1923 | 8 September 2014 | |
The Cavalry Memorial | 1278118 | Hyde Park Corner, City of Westminster, London | First World War | Adrian Jones | Sculpture | 1924 | 1 December 1987 | |
Memorial Cross at St George's Church, Deal | 1425375 | Deal, Kent | First World War | Unknown | Cross | 1916 | 11 March 2015 | |
War memorial cloisters at Sedbergh School | 1384218 | Sedbergh, Cumbria | First and Second World Wars | Sir Hubert Worthington | Cloisters | 1924 | 14 June 1984 | |
Worksop War Memorial | 1045751 | Worksop, Nottinghamshire | First World War | A. H. Richardson | Cenotaph | 1925 | 1 April 1985 | |
York City War Memorial | 1257512 | York, North Yorkshire | First and Second World Wars | Sir Edwin Lutyens | Cross | 1925 | 10 September 1970 | |
Retford War Memorial | 1392660 | Retford, Nottinghamshire | First and Second World Wars | Leonard W Barnard | Cross | 1921 | 23 July 2008 | |
Lancashire Fusiliers War Memorial | 1250814 | Gallipoli Gardens, Bury, Greater Manchester | First World War | Sir Edwin Lutyens | Obelisk | 1922 | 2 September 1992 | |
Briantspuddle War Memorial | 1171702 | Briantspuddle, Dorset | First World War | Eric Gill | Obelisk | 1918 | 2 October 1984 | |
Stanway War Memorial | 1154209 | Stanway, Gloucestershire | First World War | Alexander Fisher | Bronze sculpture | 1920 | 7 September 1987 | |
Elveden War Memorial | 1037610 | Eriswell, Suffolk | First and Second World Wars | Clyde Francis Young | Corinthian column | 1921 | 7 May 1954 | |
Accrington War Memorial | 1205791 | Accrington, Lancashire | First World War | Sir Charles Herbert Reilly | Obelisk | 1922 | 09 March 1984 | |
Barnsley War Memorial | 1151144 | Barnsley, South Yorkshire | First and Second World Wars | William Thomas Curtis | Cenotaph | 1925 | 13 January 1986 | |
The City and County of London Troops War Memorial | 1064714 | Cornhill, City of London | First World War | Sir Aston Webb | Cenotaph | 1920 | 5 June 1972 | |
Boer War Memorial, Cannon Hill Park | 1392586 | Birmingham | Second Boer War | Albert Toft | Sculpture | 1906 | 14 May 2008 | |
Portsmouth War Memorial | 1104318 | Portsmouth, Hampshire | First World War | JS Gibson | Screen with plaques | 1921 | 25 September 1972 | |
Royal Gloucestershire Hussars Yeomanry War Memorial | 1245906 | Gloucester, Gloucestershire | First and Second World Wars | Cash and Wright | Cross | 1922 | 15 December 1998 | |
Sheffield War Memorial | 1271299 | Sheffield, South Yorkshire | First and Second World Wars | Charles Carus-Wilson | Flagstaff | 1925 | 28 June 1973 | |
Rifle Brigade War Memorial | 1288744 | Grosvenor Gardens, City of Westminster, London | First and Second World Wars | John Tweed | Sculpture | 1925 | 14 January 1970 | |
Rawtenstall Cenotaph | 1072780 | Rawtenstall, Lancashire | First and Second World Wars | Louis Frederick Roslyn | Cenotaph | 1929 | 30 November 1984 | |
2nd Battalion, Royal Sussex Regiment Memorial | 1043677 | Eastbourne, East Sussex | Service from 1882 to 1902, in Malta, Egypt, India and Boer War | Sir William Goscombe John | Statue | 1906 | 17 May 1971 | |
Rowntree Park Memorial Gates | 1256477 | York, North Yorkshire | Second World War | Gates | Early 18th century | 24 June 1983 | ||
Royal Artillery Boer War Memorial | 1273903 | The Mall, City of Westminster, London | Second Boer War | Aston Webb and William Robert Colton | Cenotaph | 1910 | 31 October 2016 | |
South Harting War Memorial | 1438494 | South Harting, West Sussex | First World War | Eric Gill | Cross | 1920 | 11 October 2016 | |
Oldham War Memorial | 1210137 | Oldham, Greater Manchester | First and Second World Wars | Thomas Taylor | Bronze sculpture | 1923 | 23 January 1973 | |
Colchester War Memorial | 1391704 | Colchester, Essex | First World War | Henry Charles Fehr | Bronze sculpture | 1923 | 7 July 2006 | |
National Submariners' War Memorial | 1079109 | Victoria Embankment, City of London | First World War | Ryan Tenison | Bronze sculpture | 1922 | 5 June 1972 | |
West Derby War Memorial | 1389376 | Prescot, Liverpool, Merseyside | First World War | Walter Gilbert and Louis Weingartner | Bronze sculptures on pedestal | 1922 | 15 August 2001 | |
Blackmoor War Memorial | 1174603 | Blackmoor, Hampshire | First World War | Sir Herbert Baker and Sir Charles Wheeler | Cross | 1922 | 15 August 2001 | |
Lenton War Memorial | 1246782 | Lenton, Nottingham | First World War | Possibly Arthur Brewill and Basil Baily | Cross | 1919 | 30 November 1995 | |
Burnley War Memorial | 1247303 | Burnley, Lancashire | First World War | Walter Gilbert and Louis Weingartner | Cenotaph | 1926 | 19 November 1997 | |
Burton upon Trent war memorial | 1288788 | Burton-on-Trent, Staffordshire | First World War | Henry Charles Fehr | Bronze statue on plinth | 1922 | 22 June 1979 | |
Cumberland and Westmorland War Memorial | 1291971 | Carlisle, Cumbria | First and Second World Wars | Sir Robert Lorimer | Cenotaph | 1927 | 11 April 1994 | |
Bisham War Memorial | 1117603 | Bisham, Berkshire | First and Second World Wars | Eric Gill | Calvary | 1919 | 22 September 1987 | |
Watford Peace Memorial | 1348116 | Watford, Hertfordshire | First World War | Mary Pownall Bromet | Bronze sculptures | 1928 | 7 January 1983 | |
Royal Fusiliers War Memorial | 1064638 | High Holborn, City of London | First World War | Albert Toft | Bronze sculpture on plinth | 1922 | 5 June 1972 | |
Great Dunmow War Memorial | 1438524 | Great Dunmow, Essex | First World War | Basil Oliver and George Clausen | Obelisk | 1921 | 14 October 2016 | |
Croydon Cenotaph | 1268438 | Croydon, London Borough of Croydon | First and Second World Wars | James Burford and Paul Raphael Montford | Cenotaph | 1921 | 19 November 1973 | |
People of Dover war memorial | 1406098 | Dover, Kent | First World War | Richard Reginald Goulden | Bronze statue | 1924 | 9 January 2012 | |
Crompton War Memorial | 1068100 | Shaw and Crompton, Greater Manchester | First World War | Richard Reginald Goulden | Bronze Statue | 1923 | 6 October 1987 | |
Crich Stand (Sherwood Foresters Regimental Memorial) | 1072594 | Crich, Derbyshire | First World War | Lt-Col. Brewill | Tower | 1923 | 15 October 1997 | |
St Michael Cornhill War Memorial | 1439646 | St Michael, Cornhill, City of London | First World War | Richard Reginald Goulden | Bronze statue | 1920 | 1 December 2016 | |
Hatfield War Memorial | 1445906 | Hatfield, Hertfordshire | First World War | Herbert Baker | Cross | 1921 | 16 May 2017 | |
Harrogate War Memorial | 1446943 | Harrogate, North Yorkshire | First and Second World War | Ernest Prestwich | Cenotaph | 1923 | 14 June 2017 | |
Bury War Memorial | 1444845 | Bury, Greater Manchester | First World War | Sir Reginald Blomfield | Cross of Sacrifice | 1924 | 7 April 2017 | |
King's Royal Rifle Corps War Memorial, Winchester | 1447365 | Winchester, Hampshire | First World War | John Tweed | Bronze sculpture | 1920 | 27 July 2017 | |
Hampshire, Isle of Wight and Winchester War Memorial | 1445852 | Winchester, Hampshire | First World War | Herbert Baker | Cross | 1921 | 16 May 2017 | |
County of Kent War Memorial Cross | 1446080 | Canterbury, Kent | First World War | Herbert Baker | Cross | 1921 | 16 May 2017 | |
Edgar Mobbs War Memorial, Northampton | 1447457 | Northampton | First World War | Alfred Turner | Bronze Statue on plinth | 1921 | 27 July 2017 | |
Matlock Bath War Memorial | 1451237 | Matlock Bath, Derbyshire | First World War | James Beresford & Sons | Cenotaph with stone sculpture | 1921 | 12 February 2018 | |
Twickenham War Memorial | 1445040 | Radnor Gardens, Twickenham, London Borough of Richmond upon Thames | First World War | Mortimer John Brown | Bronze sculpture on plinth | 1921 | 5 April 2017 | |
Royal Air Force Memorial | 1066171 | Victoria Embankment, City of Westminster, London | First and Second World Wars | Sir Reginald Blomfield | Bronze eagle on plinth | 1923 | 23 March 2018 | |
Bootle War Memorial | 1283634 | Bootle, Sefton, Merseyside | First and Second World Wars | Joseph Hermon Cawthra | Bronze statues on obelisk | 1922 | 23 March 2018 | |
St Saviour's War Memorial | 1378368 | Borough High Street, London Borough of Southwark | First World War | Philip Lindsey Clark | Bronze statue on plinth | 1922 | 23 March 2018 | |
Memorial to the Home of Aviation | 1258069 | Eastchurch, Kent | First World War | Sidney Loweth | Screen | 1955 | 23 March 2018 | |
Pearl Centre War Memorial | 1462803 | Peterborough | First and Second World Wars | George Frampton | Bronze statue | 1919 | 19 March 2019 | |
War Memorial at All Souls' Church, Blackman Lane, Leeds | 1255888 | Leeds, West Yorkshire | First World War | Calvary | 1921 | 26 September 1963 | ||
War Memorial at Holy Trinity Church, Newcastle-under-Lyme | 1196759 | Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire | First and Second World Wars | Cross | 1921 | 21 October 1949 | ||
War Memorial at Congress House | 1113223 | Great Russell Street, London Borough of Camden | First and Second World Wars | Jacob Epstein | Sculpture | 1958 | 29 March 1988 | |
Polish Air Force Memorial | 1088113 | Western Avenue, Ruislip | Second World War | Mieczysław Lubelski | Obelisk and screen walls | 1948 | 30 August 2002 |
In the United Kingdom, a listed building is a structure of particular architectural and/or historic interest deserving of special protection. Such buildings are placed on one of the four statutory lists maintained by Historic England in England, Historic Environment Scotland in Scotland, Cadw in Wales, and the Northern Ireland Environment Agency in Northern Ireland. The classification schemes differ between England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. The term has also been used in the Republic of Ireland, where buildings are protected under the Planning and Development Act 2000, although the statutory term in Ireland is "protected structure."
The Tower Hill Memorial is a pair of Commonwealth War Graves Commission memorials in Trinity Square Gardens, on Tower Hill in London, England. The memorials, one for the First World War and one for the Second, commemorate civilian, merchant seafarers and fishermen who were killed as a result of enemy action and have no known grave. The first, the Mercantile Marine War Memorial, was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and unveiled in 1928; the second, the Merchant Seamen's Memorial, was designed by Sir Edward Maufe and unveiled in 1955. A third memorial, commemorating merchant seamen who were killed in the 1982 Falklands War, was added to the site in 2005.
The Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England provides a listing and classification system for historic parks and gardens similar to that used for listed buildings. The register was set up by Historic England under the provisions of the National Heritage Act 1983. Over 1,600 sites are listed, ranging from the grounds of large stately homes to small domestic gardens, as well other designed landscapes such as town squares, public parks and cemeteries. The register is published on the National Heritage List for England alongside other national heritage designations.
There are over 2500 listed buildings in Liverpool, England. A listed building is one considered to be of special architectural, historical or cultural significance, which is protected from being demolished, extended or altered, unless special permission is granted by the relevant planning authorities.
The Willesden United Synagogue Cemetery, usually known as Willesden Jewish Cemetery, is a Jewish cemetery at Beaconsfield Road, Willesden, in the London Borough of Brent, England. It opened in 1873 on a 20-acre (0.08 km2) site. It has been described as the "Rolls-Royce" of London's Jewish cemeteries and is designated Grade II on Historic England's Register of Historic Parks and Gardens. The cemetery, which has 29,800 graves, has many significant memorials and monuments. Four of them are listed at Grade II. They include the tomb of Rosalind Franklin, who was a co-discoverer of the structure of DNA.
Manchester Cenotaph is a war memorial in St Peter's Square, Manchester, England. Manchester was late in commissioning a First World War memorial compared with most British towns and cities; the city council did not convene a war memorial committee until 1922. The committee quickly achieved its target of raising £10,000 but finding a suitable location for the monument proved controversial. The preferred site in Albert Square would have required the removal and relocation of other statues and monuments, and was opposed by the city's artistic bodies. The next choice was Piccadilly Gardens, an area already identified for a possible art gallery and library; but in the interests of speedier delivery, the memorial committee settled on St Peter's Square. The area within the square had been had been purchased by the City Council in 1906, having been the site of the former St Peter's Church; whose sealed burial crypts remained with burials untouched and marked above ground by a memorial stone cross. Negotiations to remove these stalled so the construction of the cenotaph proceeded with the cross and burials in situ.
Southampton Cenotaph is a First World War memorial designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and located in Watts Park in the southern English city of Southampton. The memorial was the first of dozens by Lutyens to be built in permanent form and it influenced his later designs, including the Cenotaph in London. It is a tapering, multi-tiered pylon which culminates in a series of diminishing layers before terminating in a sarcophagus which features a recumbent figure of a soldier. In front is an altar-like Stone of Remembrance. The cenotaph contains multiple sculptural details including a prominent cross, the town's coat of arms, and two lions. The names of the dead are inscribed on three sides. Although similar in outline, later cenotaphs by Lutyens were much more austere and featured almost no sculpture. The design uses abstract, ecumenical features and lifts the recumbent soldier high above eye level, anonymising him.
The Rainham War Memorial commemorates soldiers killed in both World Wars as well as civilian casualties of World War II.
The Guards Memorial, also known as the Guards Division War Memorial, is an outdoor war memorial located on the west side of Horse Guards Road, opposite Horse Guards Parade in London, United Kingdom. It commemorates the war dead from the Guards Division and related units during the First World War, and of the Household Division in the Second World War and other conflicts since 1918.
There are 20 Grade I listed war memorials in England, out of over 3,000 listed war memorials. In the United Kingdom, a listed building is a building or structure of special historical or architectural importance; listing offers the building legal protection against demolition or modification, which requires permission from the local planning authority. Listed buildings are divided into three categories—grade I, grade II*, and grade II—which reflect the relative significance of the structure and may be a factor in planning decisions. Grade II accounts for 92% of listed buildings, while grade II* is an intermediate grade accounting for 5.5%; grade I holds the remaining 2.5% of listed buildings and is reserved for structures of exceptional significance. Grade I listed war memorials are deliberately very few, though several have been upgraded to grade I status as part of commemorations around the First World War centenary. A war memorial listed at grade I will be of exceptional interest for its design and artistic merit and will be of great historical interest. Such memorials are often the work of famous architects or sculptors, amongst the most prolific of whom was Sir Edwin Lutyens, whose memorials account for a third of all those listed at grade I. Lutyens designed dozens of war memorials across the United Kingdom and elsewhere in the Commonwealth, including the Cenotaph in London—the focus for the national Remembrance Sunday services—and the Arch of Remembrance in Leicester—the largest of Lutyens' war memorials in Britain; both are listed at grade I. As part of the commemorations of the centenary of the First World War, Historic England—the government body responsible for listing in England—is running a project with the aim of significantly increasing the number of war memorials on the National Heritage List for England.
Spalding War Memorial is a First World War memorial in the gardens of Ayscoughfee Hall in Spalding, Lincolnshire, in eastern England. It was designed by the architect Sir Edwin Lutyens. The proposal for a memorial to Spalding's war dead originated in January 1918 with Barbara McLaren, whose husband and the town's Member of Parliament, Francis McLaren, was killed in a flying accident during the war. She engaged Lutyens via a family connection and the architect produced a plan for a grand memorial cloister surrounding a circular pond, in the middle of which would be a cross. The memorial was to be built in the formal gardens of Ayscoughfee Hall, which was owned by the local district council. When McLaren approached the council with her proposal, it generated considerable debate within the community and several alternative schemes were suggested. After a public meeting and a vote in 1919, a reduced-scale version of McLaren's proposal emerged as the preferred option, in conjunction with a clock on the town's corn exchange building.
Mells War Memorial is a First World War memorial by Sir Edwin Lutyens in the village of Mells in the Mendip Hills of Somerset, south-western England. Unveiled in 1921, the memorial is one of multiple buildings and structures Lutyens designed in Mells. His friendship with two prominent families in the area, the Horners and the Asquiths, led to a series of commissions; among his other works in the village are memorials to two sons—one from each family—killed in the war. Lutyens toured the village with local dignitaries in search of a suitable site for the war memorial, after which he was prompted to remark "all their young men were killed".
The York City War Memorial is a First World War memorial designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and located in York in the north of England. Proposals for commemorating York's war dead originated in 1919 but proved controversial. Initial discussions focused on whether a memorial should be a monument or should take on some utilitarian purpose. Several functional proposals were examined until a public meeting in January 1920 opted for a monument. The city engineer produced a cost estimate and the war memorial committee engaged Lutyens, who had recently been commissioned by the North Eastern Railway (NER) to design their own war memorial, also to be sited in York.
The North Eastern Railway War Memorial is a First World War memorial in York in northern England. It was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens to commemorate employees of the North Eastern Railway (NER) who left to fight in the First World War and were killed while serving. The NER board voted in early 1920 to allocate £20,000 for a memorial and commissioned Lutyens. The committee for the York City War Memorial followed suit and also appointed Lutyens, but both schemes became embroiled in controversy. Concerns were raised from within the community about the effect of the NER memorial on the city walls and its impact on the proposed scheme for the city's war memorial, given that the two memorials were planned to be 100 yards apart and the city's budget was a tenth of the NER's. The controversy was resolved after Lutyens modified his plans for the NER memorial to move it away from the walls and the city opted for a revised scheme on land just outside the walls; coincidentally the land was owned by the NER, whose board donated it to the city.
The Lancashire Fusiliers War Memorial is a First World War memorial dedicated to members of the Lancashire Fusiliers killed in that conflict. Outside the Fusilier Museum in Bury, Greater Manchester, England, it was unveiled in 1922—on the seventh anniversary of the landing at Cape Helles, part of the Gallipoli Campaign in which the regiment suffered particularly heavy casualties. The memorial was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens. He was commissioned in light of a family connection—his father and great uncle were officers in the Lancashire Fusiliers, a fact noted on a plaque nearby. He designed a tall, slender obelisk in Portland stone. The regiment's cap badge is carved near the top on the front and rear, surrounded by a laurel wreath. Further down are inscriptions containing the regiment's motto and a dedication. Two painted stone flags hang from the sides.
Runcorn War Memorial was built to commemorate the servicemen of Runcorn lost in active service in the First World War. It was unveiled on Remembrance Sunday 1920 at 3:30pm, beginning a tradition of afternoon services. In 1948, the memorial was rededicated and the names of those lost in the Second World War were added. An inscribed stone was added later with the names of those lost in subsequent conflicts.
Helsby War Memorial was built to commemorate the servicemen of Helsby lost in active service in the First World War. It was unveiled in 1920, and the names of those lost in the Second World War were added later. The memorial stands in the churchyard of St Paul's Church in Helsby, Cheshire, England, and consists of a Celtic cross in sandstone on a pedestal and steps. On the shaft of the cross is an inscription and on the pedestal are the names of those lost in the conflicts. The war memorial is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building.
Kingston upon Thames War Memorial, in the Memorial Garden on Union Street, Kingston upon Thames, London, commemorates the men of the town who died in the First World War. After 1945, the memorial was updated to recognise casualties from the Second World War. The memorial was commissioned by the town council and was designed by the British sculptor Richard Reginald Goulden. The memorial includes a bronze statue of a nude warrior, carrying a flaming cross and wielding a sword with which he defends two children from a serpent, erected on a granite plinth, with bronze plaques listing the names of the dead. Goulden designed a number of such allegorical memorials, including others at Crompton, Greater Manchester, and Redhill, Surrey. The Kingston memorial was designated a Grade II listed structure in 1983. This was revised upwards in 2016 to Grade II*, denoting a building or structure of particular importance.
The Bank of England War Memorial, in the internal Garden Court at the headquarters of the Bank of England in the City of London, commemorates the bank's staff who were killed while serving in the First World War and Second World War. It includes a bronze sculpture by Richard Reginald Goulden portraying Saint Christopher carrying the Christ Child. It became a Grade II listed building in 2017. The surrounding buildings of the bank are separately listed at Grade I.
The City of Portsmouth War Memorial, also referred to as the Guildhall Square War Memorial, is a First World War memorial in Guildhall Square in the centre of Portsmouth, Hampshire, on the south coast of England. Portsmouth was and remains a port and home to a major naval dockyard. The dockyard and the armed forces provided much of the employment in the area in the early 20th century. As such, the town suffered significant losses in the First World War. Planning for a war memorial began shortly after the end of the conflict and a committee was established for the purpose. It selected a site adjacent to a railway embankment close to the Town Hall and chose the architects James Gibson and Walter Gordon, with sculptural elements by Charles Sargeant Jagger, from an open competition.