List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel

Countries by number of active soldiers (2015)

This is a list of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel. It includes any government-sponsored soldiers used to further the domestic and foreign policies of their respective government. The term "country" is used in its most common use, in the sense of state which exercises sovereignty or has limited recognition.

Guide to the list

The list consists of columns that can be sorted by clicking on the appropriate title:

• The names of the states, accompanied by their respective national flags.
• The number of military personnel on active duty that are currently serving full-time in their military capacity.
• The number of military personnel in the reserve forces that are not normally kept under arms, whose role is to be available to mobilize when necessary.
• The number of personnel in paramilitary forces: armed units that are not considered part of a nation's formal military forces.
• The total number of active, reserve, and paramilitary personnel.
• The ratio per thousand inhabitants of total military (active, reserve, and paramilitary).
• The ratio per thousand inhabitants of active military only.

As military forces around the world are constantly changing in size, no definitive list can ever be compiled.

All of the 181 countries listed here, especially those with the highest number of total soldiers such as the two Koreas and Vietnam, include a large number of paramilitaries, civilians and policemen in their reserve personnel. Some countries, such as Italy and Japan, have only volunteers in their armed forces. Other countries, such as Mauritius and Panama, have no national armies, but only a paramilitary force.

Tooth-to-tail ratio

The numbers of military personnel listed include both support personnel (supplies, construction, and contracting) and actual combat personnel. For a typical country, the proportion of this total that comprises actual combat forces is about 26%^{[ citation needed ]} (so, for every soldier there will be around three support personnel). This proportion is referred to as the "tooth-to-tail ratio".

Some countries have a considerably smaller tooth-to-tail ratio: For example, the United States Armed Forces has a tooth-to-tail ratio of 17%, meaning that for every combat unit there are around five support units. ^[1]

Military personnel per capita

List by the International Institute for Strategic Studies

According to International Institute for Strategic Studies

Country	Active military	Reserve military	Paramilitary	Total	Per 1,000 capita (total)	Per 1,000 capita (active)	Ref
Afghanistan	172,000	0	0	172,000	4.3	4.3	[2]
Albania	7,500	0	0	7,500	2.4	2.4	[3]
Algeria	139,000	150,000	187,200	476,200	10.3	3	[4]
Angola	107,000	0	10,000	117,000	3.3	3	[5]
Antigua and Barbuda	200	80	0	280	2.8	2	[6]
Argentina	83,000	0	31,250	114,250	2.5	1.8	[7]
Armenia	42,900	210,000	4,300	257,200	86	14.4	[8] [a]
Australia	58,540	21,450	0	79,990	3	2.2	[9]
Austria	22,200	109,200	0	131,400	14.7	2.5	[10]
Azerbaijan	68,200	300,000	15,000	383,200	36	6.4	[11]
Bahamas	1,500	0	0	1,500	3.7	3.7	[12]
Bahrain	8,200	0	11,260	19,460	12.4	5.2	[13]
Bangladesh	171,250	0	63,900	235,150	1.4	1	[14]
Barbados	610	430	0	1,040	3.4	2	[15]
Belarus	48,600	289,500	110,000	448,100	47	5.1	[16]
Belgium	23,500	5,900	0	29,400	2.5	2	[17]
Belize	2,000	850	630	3,480	9	5.2	[15]
Benin	12,300	0	4,800	17,100	1.2	0.8	[18]
Bhutan	16,000	60,000	0	76,000	104.5	22	[19]
Bolivia	34,100	0	37,100	71,200	5.8	2.8	[20]
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10,650	6,000	0	16,650	4.4	2.8	[21]
Botswana	9,000	0	0	9,000	3.7	3.7	[22]
Brazil	374,500	1,415,000	395,000	2,184,500	9.9	1.7	[23]
Brunei	7,200	700	450	8,350	17.2	14.8	[24]
Bulgaria	36,950	3,000	0	39,950	5.9	5.4	[25]
Burkina Faso	7,000	0	4,450	11,450	4.7	2.9	[26]
Burundi	30,050	0	1,000	31,050	2.3	2.2	[27]
Cambodia	124,300	0	67,000	191,300	11.3	7.4	[28]
Cameroon	25,400	0	9,000	34,400	1.1	0.8	[29]
Canada	62,300	29,100	5,800	97,200	2.5	1.6	[30]
Cape Verde	1,200	0	0	1,200	2	2	[31]
Central African Republic	9,150	0	1,000	10,150	1.8	1.6	[32]
Chad	33,250	0	11,900	45,150	2.4	1.8	[33]
Chile	68,500	19,100	44,700	132,300	7.1	3.7	[34]
China	2,035,000	510,000	500,000	3,045,000	2.1	1.4	[35]
Colombia	269,000	34,950	165,050	469,000	9.5	5.4	[36]
Comoros	1,000	0	0	1,000	1.1	1.1	[37]
Costa Rica	0	0	9,950	9,950	1.9	0	[38]
Côte d'Ivoire	27,400	0	0	27,400	0.9	0.9	[39] [b]
Croatia	16,800	2,100	0	18,900	4.6	4	[40]
Cuba	49,000	39,000	26,500	114,500	10.4	4.5	[41] [c]
Cyprus	12,000	60,000	0	72,000	55	9.2	[42]
Czech Republic	26,600	0	0	26,600	2.5	2.5	[43]
Democratic Republic of the Congo	128,350	0	0	128,350	1.1	1.1	[44]
Denmark	13,100	44,200	0	57,300	9.6	2.2	[45]
Djibouti	8,450	0	4,650	13,100	13.4	8.7	[46]
Dominican Republic	56,800	0	15,000	71,800	6.6	5.3	[47]
Ecuador	39,600	118,000	500	158,100	8.6	2.2	[48]
Egypt	438,500	479,000	397,000	1,314,500	11.8	3.9	[49]
El Salvador	2,600	9,900	2,600	15,100	2.3	0.4	[50]
Equatorial Guinea	1,750	0	0	1,750	1	1	[51] [d]
Eritrea	301,750	0	0	301,750	47.6	47.6	[52] [e]
Estonia	7,100	41,200	21,200	69,500	58.2	5.9	[53]
Eswatini	3,000	0	0	3,000	2.4	2.4	[54]
Ethiopia	503,000	0	0	503,000	4.2	4.2	[55]
Fiji	4,040	6,000	0	10,040	10.6	4.2	[56]
Finland	23,850	233,000	12,000	268,850	47.8	4.2	[57]
France	202,000	38,500	95,100	335,600	4.9	3	[58]
Gabon	4,700	0	2,000	6,700	2.7	1.9	[59]
Gambia	4,100	0	0	4,100	1.6	1.6	[60]
Georgia	20,650	0	5,400	26,050	5.3	4.2	[61]
Germany	179,850	34,100	0	213,950	2.5	2.1	[62]
Ghana	19,000	0	0	19,000	0.5	0.5	[63]
Greece	132,000	289,000	7,400	428,400	41	12.6	[64]
Guatemala	18,050	63,850	25,000	106,900	5.9	1	[65]
Guinea	9,700	0	2,600	12,300	0.9	0.7	[66]
Guinea-Bissau	4,450	0	0	4,450	2.1	2.1	[67]
Guyana	3,400	670	0	4,070	5.1	4.3	[68]
Haiti	700	0	9,000	9,700	0.8	0.1	[69]
Honduras	14,950	60,000	8,000	82,950	8.7	1.6	[70]
Hungary	32,150	20,000	0	52,150	5.3	3.3	[71]
Iceland	0	0	250	250	0.7	0	[72]
India	1,475,750	1,155,000	1,616,050	4,246,800	3	1	[73]
Indonesia	404,500	400,000	290,250	1,094,750	3.9	1.4	[74]
Iran	610,000	350,000	40,000	1,000,000	11.3	6.9	[75] [f]
Iraq	193,000	0	266,000	459,000	11.1	4.7	[76]
Ireland	9,500	4,050	0	13,550	2.7	1.9	[72]
Israel	169,500	465,000	8,000	642,500	69.4	18.3	[77]
Italy	161,850	14,500	178,600	354,950	5.8	2.7	[78] [g]
Jamaica	5,950	2,580	0	8,530	3	2.1	[79]
Japan	247,150	55,900	14,800	317,850	2.6	2	[80]
Jordan	100,500	65,000	15,000	180,500	16.3	9.1	[81]
Kazakhstan	39,000	0	31,500	70,500	3.5	1.9	[82]
Kenya	24,100	0	5,000	29,100	0.5	0.4	[83]
Kosovo	3,000	0	0	3,000	1.5	1.5	[84]
Kuwait	17,500	23,700	7,100	48,300	15.4	5.6	[85]
Kyrgyzstan	10,900	0	9,500	20,400	3.3	1.8	[86]
Laos	29,100	0	100,000	129,100	16.4	3.7	[87]
Latvia	6,600	16,000	0	22,600	12.5	3.7	[88]
Lebanon	60,000	0	20,000	80,000	15	11.3	[89]
Lesotho	2,000	0	0	2,000	0.9	0.9	[90]
Liberia	2,010	0	0	2,010	0.4	0.4	[91]
Libya	0	0	0	0	0	0	[92] [h]
Lithuania	16,100	12,950	18,400	47,450	18.1	6.1	[93]
Luxembourg	1,100	0	0	1,100	1.6	1.6	[94]
Madagascar	13,500	0	8,100	21,600	0.7	0.5	[95]
Malawi	10,700	0	4,200	14,900	0.8	0.5	[95]
Malaysia	113,000	51,600	267,200	431,800	12.6	3.3	[96] [i]
Maldives	4,000	0	0	4,000	10.3	10.3	[97]
Mali	21,000	0	20,000	41,000	1.9	1	[98]
Malta	1,700	260	0	1,960	4.2	3.6	[99]
Mauritania	15,850	0	5,000	20,850	4.8	3.7	[100]
Mauritius	0	0	2,550	2,550	1.9	0	[101]
Mexico	287,000	81,500	136,900	505,400	3.9	2.2	[102]
Moldova	5,150	58,000	900	64,050	17.8	1.4	[103]
Mongolia	9,700	137,000	7,500	154,200	49.7	3.1	[104]
Monaco	250	0	0	250	6.5	6.5	[105]
Montenegro	2,885	2,800	4,100	9,785	15.9	4.7	[106]
Morocco	195,800	150,000	50,000	395,800	10.7	5.3	[107]
Mozambique	11,200	0	0	11,200	0.3	0.3	[108]
Myanmar	134,000	0	70,000	204,000	3.5	2.3	[109]
Namibia	11,600	0	6,000	17,600	6.3	4.1	[110]
Nepal	96,600	0	15,000	111,600	3.6	3.1	[111]
Netherlands	33,650	6,350	6,800	46,800	2.6	1.9	[112]
New Zealand	8,700	3,270	0	11,970	2.3	1.7	[113]
Nicaragua	12,000	0	0	12,000	1.8	1.8	[114]
Niger	39,100	0	48,000	87,100	3.3	1.5	[115]
Nigeria	143,000	0	80,000	223,000	1	0.6	[116]
North Korea	1,280,000	600,000	5,700,000	7,580,000	288.2	48.7	[117] [j]
North Macedonia	8,000	4,850	7,600	20,450	9.6	3.7	[118]
Norway	25,400	40,000	0	65,400	11.9	4.6	[119]
Oman	42,600	0	4,400	47,000	12.3	11.1	[120]
Pakistan	660,000	550,000	291,000	1,501,000	5.9	2.6	[121]
Palestine	0	0	0	0	0	0	[122] [k]
Panama	0	0	27,700	27,700	6.2	0	[123]
Papua New Guinea	4,000	0	0	4,000	0.4	0.4	[124]
Paraguay	13,950	164,500	14,800	193,250	26	1.9	[125]
Peru	81,000	188,000	77,000	346,000	10.7	2.5	[126]
Philippines	146,250	131,000	80,700	357,950	3	1.2	[127]
Poland	164,100	37,500	14,300	215,900	5.6	4.2	[128]
Portugal	26,050	23,500	22,820	72,370	7.1	2.5	[129]
Qatar	16,500	0	5,000	21,500	8.4	6.5	[130]
Republic of the Congo	10,000	0	3,500	13,500	2.7	2	[131]
Romania	69,900	55,000	57,000	181,900	10	3.9	[132]
Russia	1,134,000	1,500,000	569,000	3,203,000	22.7	8.1	[133]
Rwanda	33,000	0	2,000	35,000	2.6	2.4	[134]
Saint Kitts and Nevis	300	0	0	300	5.6	5.6	[135]
San Marino	445	0	0	445	13.1	13.1	[136]
São Tomé and Príncipe	300	0	0	300	1.4	1.4	[137]
Saudi Arabia	257,000	0	24,500	281,500	7.7	7	[138]
Senegal	13,600	0	5,000	18,600	1	0.7	[139]
Serbia	28,150	50,150	3,700	82,000	12.3	4.2	[140]
Seychelles	420	0	0	420	4.3	4.3	[141]
Sierra Leone	8,500	0	0	8,500	1.3	1.3	[141]
Singapore	51,000	252,500	7,400	310,900	52	8.5	[142]
Slovakia	15,850	0	0	15,850	2.9	2.9	[84]
Slovenia	6,200	950	0	7,150	3.4	3	[143]
Somalia	13,900	0	0	13,900	1.1	1.1	[144]
South Africa	69,200	15,050	0	84,250	1.4	1.1	[145]
South Korea	500,000	3,100,000	3,013,500	6,613,500	127	9.6	[146]
South Sudan	90,000	0	0	90,000	7.4	7.4	[147]
Spain	122,200	13,800	87,450	223,450	4.7	2.6	[148]
Sri Lanka	262,500	5,500	94,050	362,050	16.5	11.9	[149]
Sudan	104,300	0	60,000	164,300	3.3	2.1	[150]
Suriname	1,840	0	0	1,840	2.8	2.8	[151]
Sweden	14,850	21,500	21,500	57,850	5.5	1.4	[152]
Switzerland	21,300	196,450	0	217,750	24.8	2.4	[153]
Syria	0	0	0	0	0	0	[154] [l]
Taiwan	169,000	1,657,000	11,800	1,837,800	77.9	7.2	[155]
Tajikistan	8,800	20,000	7,500	36,300	3.5	0.8	[156]
Tanzania	27,000	80,000	1,400	108,400	1.6	0.4	[157]
Thailand	360,850	200,000	138,700	699,550	10	5.2	[158]
Timor-Leste	2,250	0	0	2,250	1.5	1.5	[159]
Togo	13,750	0	5,000	18,750	2.1	1.5	[160]
Tonga	750	0	0	750	7.3	7.3	[161]
Trinidad and Tobago	4,050	0	0	4,050	3.3	3.3	[151]
Tunisia	35,800	0	12,000	47,800	4	3	[162]
Turkey	355,200	378,700	160,800	894,700	10.6	4.2	[163]
Turkmenistan	36,500	0	20,000	56,500	9.8	6.4	[164]
Uganda	45,000	10,000	1,400	56,400	1.1	0.9	[165]
Ukraine	730,000	0	260,000	990,000	27.8	20.5	[166]
United Arab Emirates	63,000	0	0	63,000	6.3	6.3	[167]
United Kingdom	141,100	70,450	0	211,550	3.1	2.1	[168]
United States	1,315,600	797,200	0	2,112,800	6.2	3.8	[169]
Uruguay	21,100	0	1,400	22,500	6.6	6.2	[170]
Uzbekistan	48,000	0	20,000	68,000	1.9	1.3	[171]
Venezuela	123,000	8,000	220,000	351,000	11.5	4	[172]
Vietnam	450,000	5,000,000	40,000	5,490,000	51.9	4.3	[173]
Yemen	40,000	0	0	40,000	1.3	1.3	[174]
Zambia	17,100	3,000	1,400	21,500	1	0.8	[175]
Zimbabwe	29,000	0	21,800	50,800	3	1.7	[176]

Not included in the list are the militaries of Abkhazia, Northern Cyprus, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Somaliland, and South Ossetia.

See also

• List of countries by level of military equipment
• List of countries by military expenditures
• List of countries by military expenditure per capita
• List of countries by Global Militarization Index
• List of countries without armed forces
• List of militaries by country
• List of militaries that recruit foreigners
• List of countries that prohibit paramilitary organizations outside government armed forces
• List of countries and dependencies by number of police officers

Notes

1. The reserve military of Armenia consists mostly of ex-conscripts who have seen service within the last 15 years.
2. Size of paramilitary is not known.
3. The reserve paramilitary of Cuba consists of the Youth Labour Army, Civil Defence and Territorial Troops Militia and count 1,120,000 units. Ready reserves serve 45 days per year.
4. Size of paramilitary is not known.
5. Personnel-strength figures for the Eritrean reserve forces are not known.
6. The Basij, a paramilitary militia with claimed membership of 12.6 million (including women and children), can after mobilization reach about 600,000 people able to fight.
7. The paramilitary forces of Italy consists of the Carabinieri and the Guardia di Finanza.
8. No data due to the ongoing civil war.
9. The paramilitary forces of Malaysia includes 244,700 reservists from the People's Volunteer Corps.
10. The Worker-Peasant Red Guards count 5,700,000 units and are used as a reserve paramilitary.
11. Precise personnel-strength figures for the various Palestinian groups are not known.
12. No data due to the civil war.

References

1. Gansler, J.; Lucyshyn, William (1 February 2014). Improving the DoD's Tooth-to-Tail Ratio. Revision. S2CID   14067427.
2. IISS 2025, p. 231
3. IISS 2024, p. 71
4. IISS 2024, p. 342
5. IISS 2024, p. 471
6. IISS 2024, p. 408
7. IISS 2024, p. 409
8. IISS 2024, p. 178
9. IISS 2024, p. 246
10. IISS 2024, p. 72
11. IISS 2025, p. 169
12. IISS 2025, p. 397
13. IISS 2025, p. 343
14. IISS 2024, p. 248
15. IISS 2025, p. 397
16. IISS 2024, p. 182
17. IISS 2025, p. 72
18. IISS 2025, p. 454
19. Royal Bhutan Army
20. IISS 2025, p. 398
21. IISS 2025, p. 74
22. IISS 2025, p. 456
23. IISS 2025, p. 400
24. IISS 2024, p. 251
25. IISS 2025, p. 75
26. IISS 2024, p. 475
27. IISS 2025, p. 458
28. IISS 2024, p. 252
29. IISS 2024, p. 478
30. IISS 2025, p. 31
31. IISS 2025, p. 459
32. IISS 2024, p. 480
33. IISS 2024, p. 481
34. IISS 2025, p. 404
35. IISS 2025, p. 239
36. IISS 2025, p. 407
37. Army of National Development
38. IISS 2025, p. 411
39. IISS 2025, p. 465
40. IISS 2025, p. 77
41. IISS 2024, p. 427
42. IISS 2024, p. 80
43. IISS 2025, p. 81
44. IISS 2025, p. 467
45. IISS 2025, p. 83
46. IISS 2024, p. 487
47. IISS 2025, p. 413
48. IISS 2025, p. 414
49. IISS 2025, p. 333
50. IISS 2025, p. 417
51. IISS 2025, p. 470
52. IISS 2025, p. 471
53. IISS 2025, p. 84
54. Umbutfo Eswatini Defence Force
55. IISS 2025, p. 472
56. IISS 2025, pp. 250
57. IISS 2025, p. 86
58. IISS 2025, p. 88
59. IISS 2025, p. 473
60. IISS 2025, p. 474
61. IISS 2025, p. 174
62. IISS 2025, p. 93
63. IISS 2025, p. 475
64. IISS 2025, p. 97
65. IISS 2025, p. 418
66. IISS 2025, p. 477
67. IISS 2025, p. 478
68. IISS 2025, p. 419
69. IISS 2025, p. 420
70. IISS 2025, p. 421
71. IISS 2025, p. 100
72. IISS 2025, p. 102
73. IISS 2025, p. 251
74. IISS 2025, p. 258
75. IISS 2025, pp. 337
76. IISS 2024, p. 357
77. IISS 2024, p. 360
78. IISS 2025, p. 103
79. IISS 2025, p. 422
80. IISS 2025, p. 276
81. IISS 2024, p. 363
82. IISS 2025, p. 175
83. IISS 2025, p. 479
84. IISS 2025, p. 108
85. IISS 2025, p. 350
86. IISS 2025, p. 177
87. IISS 2024, p. 289
88. IISS 2025, p. 109
89. IISS 2024, p. 367
90. IISS 2025, p. 480
91. IISS 2025, p. 481
92. IISS 2024, p. 370
93. IISS 2025, p. 110
94. IISS 2025, p. 112
95. IISS 2025, p. 482
96. IISS 2024, p. 291
97. IISS 2024, p. 294
98. IISS 2024, p. 503
99. IISS 2025, p. 114
100. IISS 2025, p. 356
101. IISS 2024, p. 504
102. IISS 2025, p. 423
103. IISS 2025, p. 179
104. IISS 2024, p. 295
105. Public Services (Monaco)
106. IISS 2024, p. 117
107. IISS 2024, pp. 373-374
108. IISS 2024, p. 505
109. IISS 2025, p. 281
110. IISS 2025, p. 487
111. IISS 2025, p. 284
112. IISS 2025, p. 116
113. IISS 2025, p. 285
114. IISS 2025, p. 426
115. IISS 2025, p. 488
116. IISS 2024, p. 509
117. IISS 2025, p. 267
118. IISS 2025, p. 113
119. IISS 2025, p. 119
120. IISS 2024, p. 376
121. IISS 2025, p. 286
122. IISS 2024, p. 378
123. IISS 2025, p. 427
124. IISS 2025, p. 290
125. IISS 2024, p. 445
126. IISS 2024, p. 456
127. IISS 2025, p. 291
128. IISS 2025, p. 121
129. IISS 2024, p. 128
130. IISS 2025, p. 364
131. IISS 2025, p. 464
132. IISS 2025, p. 127
133. IISS 2025, p. 180
134. IISS 2025, p. 492
135. Saint Kitts and Nevis Defence Force
136. Sammarinese Armed Forces
137. Armed Forces of São Tomé and Príncipe
138. IISS 2025, p. 366
139. IISS 2024, p. 513
140. IISS 2025, p. 129
141. IISS 2025, p. 494
142. IISS 2024, p. 309
143. IISS 2025, p. 133
144. IISS 2024, p. 488
145. IISS 2025, p. 490
146. IISS 2025, p. 270
147. IISS 2024, p. 519
148. IISS 2025, p. 134
149. IISS 2025, p. 297
150. IISS 2025, p. 501
151. IISS 2025, p. 433
152. IISS 2025, p. 138
153. IISS 2024, p. 145
154. IISS 2025, p. 369
155. IISS 2025, p. 209
156. IISS 2025, p. 196
157. IISS 2025, p. 503
158. IISS 2025, p. 302
159. IISS 2025, p. 307
160. IISS 2025, p. 504
161. Tongan Defense Force
162. IISS 2024, p. 389
163. IISS 2025, p. 142
164. IISS 2025, p. 197
165. IISS 2025, p. 505
166. IISS 2025, p. 199
167. IISS 2025, p. 372
168. IISS 2025, p. 146
169. IISS 2025, p. 34
170. IISS 2025, p. 434
171. IISS 2025, p. 204
172. IISS 2024, p. 453
173. IISS 2025, p. 308
174. IISS 2024, p. 394
175. IISS 2025, p. 507
176. IISS 2025, p. 508

Bibliography

• International Institute for Strategic Studies (3 February 2010). The Military Balance 2010. London: Routledge. ISBN   978-1-857-43557-3.
• International Institute for Strategic Studies (2 March 2011). The Military Balance 2011. London: Routledge. ISBN   978-1-85-743606-8.
• International Institute for Strategic Studies (7 March 2012). The Military Balance 2012. London: Routledge. ISBN   978-1-85-743642-6.
• International Institute for Strategic Studies (14 March 2013). The Military Balance 2013. London: Routledge. ISBN   978-1-85-743680-8.
• International Institute for Strategic Studies (3 February 2014). The Military Balance 2014. London: Routledge. ISBN   978-1-85-743722-5.
• International Institute for Strategic Studies (14 February 2018). The Military Balance 2018. London: Routledge. ISBN   978-1-85-743-955-7.
• International Institute for Strategic Studies (15 February 2019). The Military Balance 2019. London: Routledge. ISBN   978-1-857-43988-5.
• International Institute for Strategic Studies (14 February 2020). The Military Balance 2020. London: Routledge. ISBN   978-0-367-46639-8.
• International Institute for Strategic Studies (25 February 2021). The Military Balance 2021. London: Routledge. ISBN   978-1-032-01227-8.
• International Institute for Strategic Studies (13 February 2024). The Military Balance 2024. London: Routledge. ISBN   978-1-032-78004-7.
• International Institute for Strategic Studies (12 February 2025). The Military Balance 2025. London: Routledge. ISBN   978-1-003-63076-0.

Further reading

• Cordesman, Anthony; Fitzgerald, Erin (27 August 2009). The 2010 Quadriennal Defense Review (PDF). Center for Strategic and International Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2010. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
• Cordesman, Anthony; Nerguizian, Aram (22 April 2010). The Gulf Military Balance in 2010 (PDF). Center for Strategic and International Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 August 2010. Retrieved 31 August 2010.
• Cordesman, Anthony; Nerguizian, Aram (29 June 2010). The Arab-Israeli Military Balance . Center for Strategic and International Studies. ISBN   978-0275969394.