List of tornadoes striking downtown areas of large cities

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This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

This article is a list of tornadoes that have impacted the central business district (downtown or city center) of a large city (that is, one having at least 50,000 people, not counting suburbs or outlying communities, at the time of the storm).

Contents

It is a common myth that tornadoes do not strike downtown areas. The odds are much lower due to the small areas covered, but paths can go anywhere, including over downtown areas. St. Louis, Missouri has taken a direct hit four times in less than a century. [1] Many of the tornadoes listed were extremely destructive or caused numerous casualties, and the occurrence of a catastrophic event somewhere is inevitable. [2]

This list is not exhaustive (listing every single tornado that has struck a downtown area or central business district of any city), as it may never be known if a tornado struck a downtown area, or if it was just a microburst (powerful downward and outward gush of wind, which cause damage from straight-line winds), particularly for older events or from areas with limited information. Downbursts often accompany intense tornadoes, extending damage across a wider area than the tornado path. When a tornado strikes a city, it is occasionally very difficult to determine whether it was a tornadic event at all or if the affected area was indeed the "downtown", "city center", or "central business district" consisting of very high population density and mid to high-rises, as opposed to other heavily urbanized/built-up parts of the city or suburbs. It is sometimes also difficult to determine tornadoes that strike urban cores before 1950, when tornado records (particularly in the US) started to be consistently logged with detail. Before this, lack of details on information from the events, as well as that most cities were far smaller in area and population complicate the record.

For the list of cities that are not listed here for certain reasons, see below.

North America

Note: The F-Scale was superseded by the EF scale in the U.S. on February 1, 2007, and in Canada on April 1, 2013
For tornadoes and cities in: United States, Canada, Mexico, Bahamas, Cuba, Central America, and The Caribbean. Ratings for tornadoes in the United States prior to 1950 are not official and instead estimates made by tornado expert Tom Grazulis.

List of tornadoes striking downtown areas of large cities
F#/EF# LocationDateDeathsSummary
F3 St. Louis, Missouri March 8, 18719 1871 St. Louis tornado [1] [3]
F3 Chicago, Illinois May 6, 18762 [4]
F2 Kansas City, Missouri May 13, 18833 [1] [5]
F2 Washington, D.C. September 16, 18880 [1] [6] [7] [8] [9]
F4 Louisville, Kentucky March 27, 189076 March 1890 middle Mississippi Valley tornado outbreak [1]
F2 Dallas, Texas January 20, 18941 [1]
F4 St. Louis, Missouri May 27, 1896255 1896 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado [1]
F3 Indianapolis, Indiana May 18, 19272 [1]
F3 St. Louis, Missouri September 29, 192772–79+ 1927 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado [ citation needed ]
F3 Nashville, Tennessee March 14, 193315 March 1933 Nashville tornado outbreak [1] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17]
F2 Charleston, South Carolina September 29, 193827 [1] [18]
F5 Waco, Texas May 11, 1953114 1953 Waco tornado outbreak [1]
F4 St. Louis, Missouri February 10, 195921 St. Louis tornado outbreak of February 1959 [1]
F3 Galveston, Texas September 21, 19610 Hurricane Carla tornado outbreak — Shortly after a comparable F4 tornado killed 8, an F3 tornado damaged commercial buildings in Galveston. [19]
F5 Topeka, Kansas June 8, 196617 1966 Topeka tornado [20]
F5 Lubbock, Texas May 11, 197028 1970 Lubbock tornado [1] [21]
F2 Shreveport, Louisiana April 17, 19780 [1]
F4 Shreveport/Bossier City, Louisiana December 3, 19782 1978 Bossier City tornado outbreak [1]
F3 Kalamazoo, Michigan May 13, 19805 (79 injured) 1980 Kalamazoo tornado [22]
F0 South Bend, Indiana May 31, 19910A brief tornado touched down in the bounds of downtown South Bend, producing no damage. [23]
F1 Houston, Texas November 16, 19930 (26 injured) [1] [24]
F3 Fort Smith, Arkansas April 21, 19962 (≥40 injured) Tornado outbreak sequence of April 1996#April 21 - An F3 tornado caused significant damage across Fort Smith's downtown, industrial, and residential areas. [25]
F1 Miami, Florida May 12, 19970 1997 Miami tornado [1] [26] [27]
F3 Nashville, Tennessee April 16, 19981 1998 Nashville tornado outbreak [1] [28] [29]
F3 Little Rock, Arkansas January 21, 19992 January 21–23, 1999 tornado outbreak § Little Rock, Arkansas tornadoes [1] [30]
F1 Hull, Quebec May 8, 19990 (6 injured) List of 1999 Oklahoma Tornado Outbreak tornadoes [31]
F2 Salt Lake City, Utah August 11, 19991 1999 Salt Lake City tornado [1] [32] [33]
F3 Fort Worth, Texas March 28, 20002 2000 Fort Worth tornado [1] [34] [35] [36] [37] [38] [39]
F2 Guelph, Ontario July 17, 20000 [40]
EF1 Des Moines, Iowa October 2, 20070 Tornadoes of 2007 § October 2 [1]
EF2 Atlanta, Georgia March 14, 20081 2008 Atlanta tornado outbreak [1] [41]
EF2 Shreveport, Louisiana April 9, 20090 April 2009 tornado outbreak [1] [42] [43]
EF0 Minneapolis, Minnesota August 19, 20090 [1] [44]
EF2 Huntsville, Alabama January 21, 20100 [1] [45]
EF3 Raleigh, North Carolina April 16, 20116 Tornado outbreak of April 14–16, 2011 [1] [46]
EF3 Springfield, Massachusetts June 1, 20113 (200 injured) 2011 New England tornado outbreak [1] [47]
EF0 Tampa, Florida February 26, 20130 [1] [48]
EF1 Davenport, Iowa October 6, 20160An EF1 tornado caused damage to the roofs of a homeless shelter and Scott County Jail, as well as widespread tree damage. [49]
EF1 Shreveport / Bossier City, Louisiana April 14, 20181 Tornado outbreak and blizzard of April 13–15, 2018 [ citation needed ]
EF3 Gatineau, Quebec September 21, 20180 (25 injured) 2018 Dunrobin-Gatineau EF3 - An intense, high-end EF3 tornado tracked through the National Capital Region of Canada, inflicting major damage to the town of Dunrobin, Ontario before crossing the Ottawa River into Quebec. There, at mid-EF3 intensity, it struck the heavily populated downtown area of Gatineau, ripping the roofs, walls, and top floors off of apartment buildings, as well as damaging several car dealerships.
EF4 Havana, Cuba January 27, 20198 See article on this tornado - An intense tornado produced during the passage of a cold front produced a damage path about 18 km long through central Havana. The tornado caused 8 deaths and 190+ injuries along its path. The tornado was a strong EF4 with winds estimated at 185 mph.
EF2 San Angelo, Texas May 18, 20190 Tornado outbreak sequence of May 2019 § May 18–19 [50] [51]
EF3 Nashville, Tennessee March 3, 20205 See the article on this tornado – An intense tornado, 0.9 mi (1.4 km) wide at one point, caused severe damage to numerous structures along its path, particularly in eastern sections of Nashville. Numerous homes and large warehouse buildings were completely demolished, consistent with a high-end EF3 rating. Along its 60.13 mi (96.77 km) path, 5 people were killed and 220 others were injured. The tornado was spawned during an overnight outbreak across Middle Tennessee which collectively killed 24 people, injured 307 others, and resulted in $1.6 billion in damage. [1] [52] [53]
EF1 Suffolk, Virginia August 4, 20200 See the article on this tornado – An EF1 tornado, part of a larger tornado outbreak spawned by Hurricane Isaias, caused significant damage to at least eight buildings in downtown Suffolk. Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted along the path. [54]
EF0 New Orleans, Louisiana May 12, 20210A weak tornado occurred in the Uptown area of New Orleans. It peeled back the roof of a large metal building before crossing the Mississippi River into Algiers. There, a few homes and businesses sustained minor roof damage. Trees and power lines were downed along the entire path of the tornado. [55]
EF1 Arlington, Virginia/Washington, D.C. July 1, 20210 (1 injured)An EF1 tornado began in Arlington, snapping and uprooting numerous trees, including one that had its bark removed. Homes sustained exterior damage. The tornado crossed the Potomac River into the District of Columbia, causing tree damage at the National Mall and across Constitution Gardens. It mangled temporary fencing for an Independence Day celebration at The Mall before lifting. [56] [57] A second, brief tornado touched down east of the National Mall, causing additional damage to trees, some of which fell on cars. [58]
EF1 Sarasota, Florida March 16, 20220The roof of an industrial building sustained significant damage. [59]
EF1 Jackson, Mississippi March 30, 20220 (1 injured) See the article on this tornado – Homes sustained largely minor structural damage, except when downed trees inflicted additional damage. [60]
EF1 Rockford, Illinois March 31, 20230 See the article on this tornado – An EF1 tornado caused widespread damage to trees and intermittent damage to roofs as it moved through Rockford. [61]
EF2 Hendersonville, Tennessee December 9, 20233 (22 injuries) See the article on this tornado – A strong tornado damaged over 200 buildings in Hendersonville alone. No fatalities were reported from Sumner County. [62]
EF0 Fort Lauderdale, Florida January 6, 20240A brief tornado caused minor damage in Fort Lauderdale. [63]
EF2 Tallahassee, Florida May 10, 20240 See the article on this tornado – The northernmost of three tornadoes in Leon County, Florida, the tornado destroyed warehouses and caused significant tree damage across its 27.22 mi (43.81 km) path, being accompanied by significant straight-line winds to 100 mph (160 km/h), reaching a width of 0.5 mi (0.80 km) as it impacted downtown Tallahassee. [64] [65]
EF1 Lake Charles, Louisiana May 13, 20240A tornado caused minor damage to trees, power lines, and a business in downtown Lake Charles. [66] [67] [68]

South America

South America has no default tornado strength measurement system, so the storms here will be listed using the Fujita scale.

F# CityDateDeathsEvent
F3 Concepción, Chile May 27, 193427 (599 injured)A rare tornado razed downtown Concepción in 1934. Tornadoes in Chile are not common, and this is considered to be the deadliest on record. [69] [70]
F1 Buenos Aires, Argentina [71] November 16, 19930An F1 tornado hit the northern district of Villa Urquiza in north-eastern downtown Buenos Aires. Trees & a pavilion were damaged.
F2 Chivilcoy, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina [72] January 7, 20061 (9 injured)
F1 São José dos Campos, Brazil [73] January 24, 20060An F1 tornado destroyed hangars & damaged buildings.
F1 Paraná, Argentina [74] March 17, 20060An F1 tornado caused material damage within the city.
F3 Barranquilla, Colombia [72] September 15, 20060 (13 injured)Damaging tornado that was followed by severe flash flooding.
F1 Bogotá, Colombia [75] November 6, 2007(1 injured)Roofs were torn off buildings, including a car dealership. Windows were blown out and trees were uprooted.
FU Paraná, Argentina [76] February 15, 20100A tornado was reported within the city, causing no known damage.
F1 Limeira, Brazil [77] March 3, 20130A large F1 tornado caused serious damage within the city.
F0 Brasília [78] October 1, 20140 (0 injured)Brief landspout
F0 Asunción, Paraguay [79] December 26, 20150A weak tornado downed some branches.
F2 Los Ángeles, Chile [80] May 30, 20190 (43 injured)Around 367 houses were damaged and a street pole was ripped out in this rare event.
F2 Concepción, Chile [81] May 31, 20191 (23 injured)Several homes were damaged and some cars and trucks dumped. One people died in the city of Talcahuano

Europe

Note: The UK uses the TORRO scale. Tornadoes reported after August of 2023 will be listed on the IF scale since the ESSL implemented it into their database in August 2023 after its initial release on July 28, 2023 [82]

T#/F# CityDateDeathsEvent
T8/F4 London, England [83] [84] [85] [86] October 23, 10912 fatalities, unknown amount of injuries London tornado of 1091, destroyed London Bridge
F4 Vyšehrad (now Prague), Bohemia [87] [88] July 30, 1119890Vyšehrad tornado of 1119.
FU Prague, Bohemia [89] [90] May 14, 1144UnknownPrague tornado of 1144
F2 Kyiv, Ukraine [91] May 9, 1159UnknownAn F2 tornado touched down in Kyiv.
F1 Prague, Bohemia [87] [90] April 8, 1255UnknownPrague tornado of 1255
T7/F3 Valletta, Malta [84] September 23, 1551 (or 1556)600 Valletta, Malta tornado
FU Augsburg, Germany [89] [92] July 2, 1587
FU Rome, Italy [89] December 4, 1645
F3 Utrecht, Netherlands [93] [94] [95] August 1, 1674UnknownUtrecht, Netherlands tornado, damaged Dom Tower and Cathedral of St. Martin
F3 Rome, Italy [89] June 12, 17492Rome tornado of 1749
F3 Padua, Italy [96] August 17, 1756Unknown Padua, 17th August Tornado; heavy damages to the city, the leaded roof of the Palazzo della Ragione was thrown nearly 30km away
T8/F4 Portsmouth, England [84] December 14, 1810UnknownPortsmouth, United Kingdom tornado
T6/F3 Solingen, Germany [97] August 13, 1832UnknownLow-end F3 tornado in Solingen
FU Cologne, Germany [98] March 8, 1858UnknownA tornado struck cologne along a 2 kilometer long path. The tornado was never rated
F3 Frankfurt, Germany [99] [100] Summer of 1860UnknownFrankfurt tornado of 1860
FU Brno, Moravia [84] [89] [101] October 13, 1870Brno, Czech tornado
T4/F2 Vienna, Austria [89] June 29, 1873UnknownTornado was observed in vienna. ESWD rated it F2. The severe storms also killed many chickens.
FU Berlin, Germany [102] November 3, 1876UnknownA damaging tornado was observed in berlin. Windmills were picked up and thrown. Tornado was never rated
F3 Madrid, Spain [103] May 12, 188645 deadThe most catastrophic and deadliest tornado in Spain in the past 200 years, but not the most powerful
F0 Berlin, Germany [104] April 13, 18920A tornado was observed in Berlin. No damaged observed.
F2 Berlin, Germany [104] October 5, 18931 injuredESWD mentions that an F2 tornado hit berlin. 12-year-old boy injured. Planks carried about 50 meters. Roofs damaged or destroyed and trees were uprooted or snapped.
F2 Paris, France [105] September 10, 18965 deadTornado touched down in the heart of downtown Paris.
F0 Munich, Germany [99] May 27, 18970Munich tornado of 1897
F4 Cologne, Germany [99] [106] [107] August 7, 18983Cologne tornado of 1898
FU Tambov, Russia [108] June 2, 19022Tornado struck Tambov, causing 2 fatalities. Tornado was never rated
F4 Moscow, Russia [109] [110] [111] [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] June 29, 1904>100 1904 Moscow tornado. The destroyed areas are within the city limits today, but were suburbs in 1904
FU Cologne, Germany [117] August 14, 1906UnknownA tornado struck Cologne. The tornado was never rated
FU Berlin, Germany [118] July 25, 1909UnknownBerlin tornado of 1909
FU Nuremberg, Germany [119] July 22, 1910UnknownA long-track tornado was observed in Nuremberg, tracking 35 kilometers. The tornado was never rated.
F3 Chemnitz, Germany [120] [121] May 27, 19160Chemnitz tornado of 1916
T5/F2 Düsseldorf, Germany [122] [123] [124] June 8, 19242Düsseldorf tornado of 1924
F3 Nice, France [125] December 1, 1924Unknown deaths, 30 injuredNice tornado of 1924
IF1 Copenhagen, Denmark [126] November 24, 19270, 1 injuryA IF1.5 tornado took a 3.5 km long path through downtown copenhagen, causing moderate damage. Trees were snapped & uprooted, some of which were tossed. Buildings in downtown sustained heavy roof damage with one being partially destroyed, open windows were ripped out of homes & sheds were destroyed. As it hit a allotment area, a roof was torn off which injured 1 woman. It is noted that it may have reached IF2 intensity.
FU Berlin, Germany [127] July 4, 19280A tornado struck berlin along a 6 km long path. Tornado was never rated
F2 Salzburg, Austria [128] June 4, 19291 FatalityA tornado struck Salzburg, resulting in 1 fatality, associated with a derecho. ESWD rated the tornado F2.
F3-F4 Lublin, Poland [101] [129] July 20, 19313 dead (1 in Lublin, 2 behind Lublin), a dozen injuredLublin tornado of 1931
F4 Düsseldorf, Germany [130] [131] January 10, 19362Düsseldorf tornado of 1936
FU Nuremberg, Germany [132] September 18, 1939UnknownA tornado was observed in Nuremberg. Tornado was never rated
FU Randers, Denmark [133] July 17, 1941UnknownA tornado struck Randers. No damage known.
T1/F0 Randers, Denmark [134] May 15, 19450A tornado struck the dock area of Randers, lifting circus tents & tossing around benches
F2 Hannover, Germany [135] September 15, 19500Hannover tornado of 1950
T3/F1 Oldenburg, Germany [136] May 16, 19530A high-end F1 tornado touched down in Oldenburg.
T2/F1 Slough, United Kingdom [137] September 17, 19530A low-end F1 tornado touched down in Slough.
F3 Castelo Branco, Portugal [138] [139] November 6, 19545 dead, 220 injured
F0 Magdeburg, Germany [135] July 25, 19550Magdeburg tornado of 1955
F1 Düsseldorf, Germany [135] October 6, 1955UnknownDüsseldorf tornado of 1955
F1 Szczecin, Poland [140] August 25, 19560Szczecin tornado of 1956
F1 Perm, Russia [141] June 17, 1960UnknownPerm tornado of 1960
F1 Voronezh, Russia [141] August 14, 1961UnknownVoronezh tornado of 1961
FU Minsk, Belarus [142] May 18, 1963UnknownTornado reported in Minsk. The tornado was never rated
F2 Esbjerg, Denmark [133] August 1, 1966UnknownESWD mentions that a tornado destroyed roofs in esbjerg.
F4 Padua and Venice, Italy [143] [144] [145] [146] [147] September 11, 197036Struck the area between the Province of Padua and Venice Lagoon.
F3 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia [148] July 3, 1974UnknownNizhny Novgorod tornado of 1974
F1 Sanremo, Italy [149] January 20, 19815 injuredTornado started as a waterspout, moving inland in sanremo. Houses and vehicles damaged and trees were uprooted. Rated F1 by ESWD.
T3/F1 Wallasey, UK November 23, 19810 1981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak
T2/F1 St Helens, UK November 23, 19810 1981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak
T3/F1 Warrington, UK November 23, 19810 1981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak. Tornado started over Croft, but then later hit Warrington. Traveled 6.8 miles.
T2/F1 Oldham, UK November 23, 19810 1981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak. Tornado started in Hollinwood and traveled 3.1 miles, impacting Oldham.
T2/F1 Dudley, UK November 23, 19810 1981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak
T1/F0 Luton, UK November 23, 19810 1981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak
T1/F0 Norwich, UK November 23, 19810 1981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak
T2/F1 Chelmsford, UK November 23, 19810 1981 United Kingdom tornado outbreak
T3/F1 Berlin, Germany [150] May 16, 19830A high-end F1 tornado was observed in Berlin.
F4 Ivanovo/Yaroslavl/Perm/Tver/Kostroma [151] [152] [153] [154] [155] June 9, 1984More than 400 deaths in the outbreak 1984 Soviet Union tornado outbreak
F2 Oulu, Finland [156] August 11, 1985UnknownA waterspout made landfall in Oulu, causing F2 damage.
F2 Turku, Finland [157] July 21, 1988UnknownA tornado struck Turku, causing F2 damage.
F1 Copenhagen, Denmark [158] June 30, 19970A tornado hit Copenhagen across a 0.7 km long and 60 meter wide path. Rated F1 by ESWD.
F2 Moscow, Russia [159] June 21, 199811 deaths, 200 injuriesAn F2 tornado damaged over 2000 homes, damaged over 120 thousand trees, as well as damaging cranes and vehicles
F2 St Pölten, Austria [160] July 7, 19983 InjuriesA tornado hit Pölten across a 5 km long and 250 meter wide path. ESWD gave the tornado an F2 rating.
FU Sochi, Russia [159] September 24, 1998UnknownA tornado touched down in Sochi. The tornado was never rated
F1 Saransk, Russia [161] April 26, 19990A tornado went through Saransk across a 0.5 km long and 10 meter wide path. Two cars were moved. ESWD rated it F1.
F2 Monza, Italy [162] 15 April 2000Monza-Villasanta tornado of 2000.
F1 Copenhagen, Denmark [163] June 11, 20040Tornado over Copenhagen, tracking 1 kilometer. Rated F1 by ESWD.
F1 Randers, Denmark [164] July 3, 20040Tornado damaged homes across a 2 km long path in Randers. Rated F1 by ESWD.
F2 Duisburg, Oberhausen, Germany [165] July 18, 20046 injured
F1 Oslo, Norway [166] October 22, 20040F1 Tornado hit The dock area of oslo, causing moderate damage. Trees were downed, cars were moved & a street sign were bent 35 degrees
FU Örebro, Sweden [167] July 15, 2005UnknownA tornado hit Örebro along a 3 kilometer long path. The tornado was never rated.
FU Växjö, Sweden [167] July 15, 2005UnknownA tornado hit Växjö. The tornado was never rated.
F1 Halmstad, Sweden [167] July 16, 2005UnknownAn F1 tornado hit Halmstad.
T4/F2 Birmingham, United Kingdom [168] [169] [170] [171] [172] [173] [174] July 28, 20050 killed, 30 injured Birmingham Tornado (UK)
FU Helsinki, Finland [175] August 28, 20050 killed, 7 injuredA tornado hit Helsinki, causing 7 injuries. The tornado was never rated.
F2 Hamburg, Germany [176] [177] [178] [179] March 27, 20062 killed, ≥2 injuredA tornado hit Hamburg, killing 2 crane operators and injuring at least two people.
T4/F2 Nuremberg, Germany [180] August 28, 20060A tornado was observed in Nuremberg, tracking 1.7 kilometers with a max width of 250 meters. Roofs and chimneys were damaged, some of which were severely damaged. 10 - 15 meter tall trees were snapped.
T4/F2 London, United Kingdom [181] [182] [183] [184] [185] [186] [187] [188] [189] December 7, 20060 London tornado of 2006
F2 Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany [190] June 25, 2007UnknownOberrad tornado of 2007
F1 Helsingborg, Sweden [191] August 16, 2007UnknownAn F1 tornado hit Helsingborg.
F2 Ålborg, Denmark [192] August 10, 2008Unknownsouthern part of downtown Ålborg was hit by an F2/IF2 tornado that tracked 6.6 KM. Roofs sustained high-end F1/IF1 damage with some buildings being partly deroofed. Trees were uprooted or snapped, including A healthy hardwood tree that was snapped at F2/IF2 intensity.
T4/F2 Málaga, Spain [193] [194] [195] February 1, 20090Málaga tornado of 2009
F1 Kolpino, Russia [196] July 9, 2010
F3 Blagoveshchensk, Russia [197] [198] July 31, 20111 killed, 38 injuredBlagoveshchensk tornado
T2/F1 Chorzów, Poland [199] [200] August 21, 20160Chorzów - Siemianowice Śląskie tornado
T2/F1 Amsterdam, Netherlands [201] August 9, 20190A waterspout hit land and caused damage in Amsterdam's Centrum.
F2 Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine [202] [203] October 17, 20203 injuriesA tornado caused damage in Kropyvnytskyi. More than 100 roofs were damaged, lots of them badly, occasionally walls collapsed or were badly damaged, dozens of trees were snapped, debranched or uprooted. 3 people sustained injuries.
F1 Barking, UK [204] June 25, 20210A tornado caused moderate damage in Barking.
F1 Kiel, Germany [205] [206] September 29, 20217 InjuriesA long track tornado hit Kiel. Started in Meimersdorf  [ de ], moving through Kiel across a 14.5 km long & 70 meter wide path. It ended near Dorf (Kiel). Roofs were severely damaged by this tornado. A supercell waterspout was also spawned in parallel to the main tornado as it was crossing the rivers near Kiel's dock. The tornado remained on the ground for 31 minutes. Several people were injured when they were thrown into the water.
F1 Mechelen, Belgium [207] October 12, 20210A brief F1 tornado partly blew off the roof of a garage & damaged another apartment.
F0 Anapa, Russia [208] January 29, 20220ESWD mentions that a tornado started as a waterspout, moving inland in Anapa. Roofs were damaged.
T1/F0 Sandnes, Norway [209] [210] February 6, 20220A brief high-end F0/T1 tornado hit Sandnes. Roof tiles ripped off, sheds blown away, fencing downed & a tree was uprooted. The tornado tracked 0.1 km, reaching a max width of 30 meters.
F2 Lippstadt, Germany [211] [212] [213] May 20, 20220A large wedge tornado hit Lippstadt, associated with a cyclic supercell that produced several tornadoes. Considerable damage occurred during this tornado's 13.4 km long path. Roofs were damaged or partly deroofed. Roof tiles were stripped off homes. One Farm sustained heavy deroofing. A church had its wooden tower demolished. trees lost large branches and were uprooted or snapped, some of which landed on vehicles. Some trees sustained debranching as well. No injuries were reported.
F2 Paderborn, Germany [211] [214] [215] May 20, 202243 InjuriesA tornado, associated with a cyclic supercell that produced several tornadoes caused considerable damage to buildings, trees, and vehicles in Paderborn, leaving 43 injured along its 21.5 km long path. Roofs were severely damaged or destroyed, including a church that saw severe roof tile loss. A factory had its steel roof structure severely destroyed and peeled back. A building had its garage port blown in. Windows were broken and debris was impaled into buildings, vehicles, and objects, including a Ford Transit Connect van that saw significant damage to the trunk when it was impaled by debris. Trees lost large branches and were uprooted, snapped, or twisted, some landing on vehicles. Several cars, trucks & caravans were overturned, flipped, or destroyed.
FU Sergiyev Posad, Russia [216] July 18, 20230A weak tornado hit Sergiyev Posad, but was never rated.
FU Mahilyow, Belarus [217] July 27, 20230A tornado hit Mahilyow, but was never rated.
IFU Salerno, Italy [218] November 21, 20230A waterspout made landfall in Salerno. The tornado was never rated.
IFU Genoa, Italy [218] November 29, 20230A waterspout made landfall in the port area at downtown Genoa. The tornado was never rated.
IFU Rhodes, Greece [218] [219] February 12, 20240A waterspout made landfall in the port area at downtown Rhodes, causing damage to ships & downing trees. The tornado has not yet been rated

Africa

Africa has no default tornado strength measurement system, so the storms here will be listed using the Fujita Scale.

F# CityDateDeathsEvent
F4 Roodepoort, South Africa [220] November 26, 19484 [lower-alpha 1] The parent cell produced 15 known tornadoes, wrecked 700 homes, and caused an estimated R150,000,000 in damage.
F? Albertynesville, South Africa [221] November 30, 195220Albertynesville, South Africa Tornado
F2 Paynesville, South Africa [222] December 2, 195211Paynesville, South Africa Tornado
F3 Mtata, South Africa [223] December 15, 199815Mtata, South Africa Tornado
F3 Klerksdorp, South Africa [224] March 3, 20071Klerksdorp, South Africa Tornado
F4 Duduza/East Rand, South Africa [225] October 2, 20112East Rand – Duduza, South Africa Tornado

Asia

Most of Asia has no default tornado strength measurement system (though Japan has been known to use the Fujita Scale in the past), so the storms here will be listed using the Fujita Scale. [226]

F#/EF# CityDateDeathsEvent
F? Miyazaki, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan [226] September 26, 188116Miyazaki Tornado of 1881
F? Dhaka, Bangladesh [227] April 7, 1888184 dead, 1200 injured
F? Yodobashi City, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan [226] September 23, 190310, 14 injured
F? Toyohashi City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan [226] November 28, 194112 dead, 177 injured, 347 homes destroyed
F4 Shanghai, China [228] September 24, 195668 deaths, hundreds injuredA typhoon-related event
F? Tomiye City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan [226] November 10, 19578
F? Tokyo, Japan [226] May 24, 1964480 homes damaged
F4 Yancheng, China [229] March 3, 196687 deaths, 1246 injuredLifted a transfomer of tons to the other side of a big river and severely damaged a concrete factory
F3+ Bazhou and Tianjin, China [230] August 29, 1969>94 deaths, hundreds injuredThis tornado first caused high casualties in several villages before entering downtown Tianjin with near peak intensity. Concrete factories were severely damaged and some leveled.
F3+ Hulan, China [ citation needed ]July 3, 19871 dead, 161 injuredHulan, Heilongjiang Tornado
F? New Delhi, India [231] March 17–18, 197828 dead, 700 injuredNew Delhi Tornado
F3 Dalatpur Upazila, Manikganj/Saturia, Bangladesh[ citation needed ]April 26, 19891300+ Daulatpur-Saturia Tornado
F3 Mobara, Chiba, Chiba Prefecture, Japan [232] December 11, 19900, 78 injured, 1000 homes damagedMobara Tornado
F? Shanghai, People's Republic of China [233] August 11, 19954
F? Dhaka Division, Bangladesh [234] May 13, 1996700+
F3 Toyohashi City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan [235] September 24, 19994Toyohashi City, Japan Tornadoes
F? Tokyo, Japan [226] September 12, 20000, several homes damaged
F3 Nobeoka, Miyazaki Prefecture on Kyūshū, Japan [236] September 18, 20063Nobeoka, Miyazaki Tornado
EF3 Longgang, China [237] August 18, 200711 dead, 60+ injuredRelated to Typhoon Sepat
EF3+ Lingbi County, Anhui, People's Republic of China [238] June 20, 20081Lingbi, Anhui Tornado
EF1 New Taipei, Taiwan [239] May 12, 20110 known, some light damage Xindian District, New Taipei city Tornado
F? New Manila, Quezon City, Philippines [240] June 24, 2011at least 1 injured, more than 30 homes damagedNew Manila Tornado
F3 Tsukuba&Jōsō, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan [241] May 6, 20121 dead, 30 injured, 345 homes damagedTsukuba & Jōsō, Ibaraki Tornado
F2 Koshigaya, Saitama Prefecture, Japan [242] September 2, 201363 injured,89 homes damagedKoshigaya, Saitama Tornado
F? Mandaue and Lapu-Lapu City, Philippines [243] November 4, 201313 injured, more than 20 homes damaged Tropical Depression Wilma
F? Cebu City, Philippines [244] April 8, 20141 injured, more than 20 homes damagedCebu City Tornado
EF4+ Yancheng, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China [245] June 23, 201699 dead, 846 injured Jiangsu tornado
F? Manila, Philippines [246] August 14, 20161 injured Manila tornado
F? Marikina, Philippines [247] September 14, 20182 injured Typhoon Mangkhut
EF4 Kaiyuan, China [248] July 3, 20197 deaths, 190 injured Kaiyuan, Liaoning Tornado
EF1 Yingkou, China [249] August 16, 2019 Yingkou, Liaoning Tornado
EF2 Danzhou, China [250] August 29, 20198 dead, 8 injuredRelated to Tropical Storm Podul
EF2 Guangzhou, ChinaJune 16, 20220 Tornadoes of 2022#June 16 (China)

Notable absences

The 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak that spawned the deadly F5 tornado which struck Oklahoma City and some of its suburbs, including Moore and Midwest City, is not listed because it did not reach the downtown core of Oklahoma City. The 2013 Moore tornado is also not included for the same reason.

The downtown areas of two then-small towns (now large cities) in North Carolina were struck during the 1884 Enigma outbreak: Concord and Cary. Downtown Concord was struck a second time by a tornado in May 1936. [251] [252] [253]

The 1987 Edmonton Tornado is not listed because it struck industrial parks, trailer parks, and suburban areas, and was far away from Edmonton's downtown core. The "Oak Lawn tornado" of April 21, 1967 which killed 33 people, mostly those in rush hour traffic at a busy intersection, and moved across southern Chicago onto Lake Michigan is not included because it missed the downtown core. Most recently, the 2008 Memphis tornado on February 5, 2008, also missed the downtown area (by a significant distance).

The Flint–Worcester tornado outbreak sequence in 1953 produced several tornadoes that struck metropolitan areas. However, none of the tornadoes hit downtown areas, moving through areas just north or west of the city cores. Therefore, these twisters are not included. [254]

Tornado-warned supercells have moved into cities, including Toronto in August 2005 [255] and Chicago in July 2023, [256] however only storms that produced confirmed tornadoes in downtown city centers are included.

The devastating and violent EF5 tornado that hit Joplin, Missouri in 2011 is not listed as the tornado did not impact downtown, instead impacting residential areas in the south of the city. The F3 tornado that affected Joplin on May 5, 1971 is not included as the population was below 50,000. [257]

Another notable absence is the July 7, 1915 storm that struck Cincinnati, killing 38 people. This was determined to be most likely a windstorm causing downbursts or even a series of microbursts (with much of the damage coming from the straight-line winds), and not a tornado. [258] [259]

European tornadoes that are listed before 1950 are for cities that had at least 50,000 people in them at the time. Tornadoes dating back to 1054 are confirmed, due to extensive record-keeping for many weather events and other until-then unexplained weather occurrences.

On September 8, 2010, Tropical Storm Hermine went over the state of Texas and produced a few tornadoes in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. One notable tornado was located in an industrialized area west of downtown Dallas before it lifted up over Interstate 35E just south of Dallas Love Field. However, the EF2 tornado was about 3–4 mi (4.8–6.4 km) away and did not strike the immediate downtown Dallas area. Similarly, the 1957 Dallas tornado hit areas northwest and north and downtown, missing the core of the city. The May 26, 1976 and October 20, 2019, Dallas tornadoes were also not listed for the same reasons (striking the northern Dallas neighborhoods in an almost identical track between each other).

The city of Auckland in New Zealand has experienced multiple fatal tornadoes in its history, including one in 2012 which killed 3 people. [260] However, none of these tornadoes have reached the downtown district of the city.

Tornadoes that have struck cities that fell short of 50,000 at their previous census include Fort Smith, Arkansas's 1898 F4, [261] Portage, Michigan's 2024 EF2, [262] Newnan, Georgia's 2021 EF4, [263] and Barrie, Ontario's 1985 F4. [264]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Death toll related to the parent supercell.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tornado</span> Violently rotating column of air in contact with both the Earths surface and a cumulonimbus cloud

A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. It is often referred to as a twister, whirlwind or cyclone, although the word cyclone is used in meteorology to name a weather system with a low-pressure area in the center around which, from an observer looking down toward the surface of the Earth, winds blow counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes, and they are often visible in the form of a condensation funnel originating from the base of a cumulonimbus cloud, with a cloud of rotating debris and dust beneath it. Most tornadoes have wind speeds less than 180 kilometers per hour, are about 80 meters across, and travel several kilometers before dissipating. The most extreme tornadoes can attain wind speeds of more than 480 kilometers per hour (300 mph), are more than 3 kilometers (2 mi) in diameter, and stay on the ground for more than 100 km (62 mi).

These are some notable tornadoes, tornado outbreaks, and tornado outbreak sequences that have occurred around the globe.

  1. Exact death and injury counts are not possible; especially for large events and events before 1955.
  2. Prior to 1950 in the United States, only significant tornadoes are listed for the number of tornadoes in outbreaks.
  3. Due to increasing detection, particularly in the U.S., numbers of counted tornadoes have increased markedly in recent decades although the number of actual tornadoes and counted significant tornadoes has not. In older events, the number of tornadoes officially counted is likely underestimated.
<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tornado records</span> List of world records related to tornadoes

This article lists various tornado records. The most "extreme" tornado in recorded history was the Tri-State tornado, which spread through parts of Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana on March 18, 1925. It is considered an F5 on the Fujita Scale, holds records for longest path length at 219 miles (352 km) and longest duration at about 3+1⁄2 hours, and held the fastest forward speed for a significant tornado at 73 mph (117 km/h) anywhere on Earth until 2021. In addition, it is the deadliest single tornado in United States history with 695 fatalities. It was also the second costliest tornado in history at the time, and when costs are normalized for wealth and inflation, it still ranks third today.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tornadoes of 2006</span> List of notable worldwide tornadoes that occurred in 2006

This page documents notable tornadoes and tornado outbreaks worldwide in 2006. Strong and destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States, Bangladesh, and Eastern India, but they can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions. Tornadoes also develop occasionally in southern Canada during the Northern Hemisphere's summer and somewhat regularly at other times of the year across Europe, Asia, Argentina, Brazil and Australia. Tornadic events are often accompanied with other forms of severe weather, including strong thunderstorms, strong winds, and hail.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tornadoes of 2007</span> List of notable worldwide tornadoes that occurred in 2007

This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks that occurred in 2007, primarily in the United States. Most tornadoes form in the U.S., although some events may take place internationally, particularly in parts of neighboring southern Canada during the summer season. Some tornadoes also take place in Europe, e. g. in the United Kingdom or in Germany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Satellite tornado</span> Tornado that orbits around a parent tornado

A satellite tornado is a tornado that revolves around a larger, primary tornado and interacts with the same mesocyclone. Satellite tornadoes occur apart from the primary tornado and are not considered subvortices; the primary tornado and satellite tornadoes are considered to be separate tornadoes. The cause of satellite tornadoes is not known. Such tornadoes are more often anticyclonic than are typical tornadoes and these pairs may be referred to as tornado couplets. Satellite tornadoes commonly occur in association with very powerful, large, and destructive tornadoes, indicative also of the strength and severity of the parent supercell thunderstorm.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tornado outbreak sequence of June 3–11, 2008</span> 2008 tornado outbreak in the United States

The tornado outbreak sequence of June 3–11, 2008 was a series of tornado outbreaks affecting most of central and eastern North America from June 3–11, 2008. 192 tornadoes were confirmed, along with widespread straight–line wind wind damage. Seven people were killed from a direct result of tornadoes; four in Iowa, two in Kansas, and one in Indiana. Eleven additional people were killed across five states by other weather events including lightning, flash flooding, and straight-line winds. Severe flooding was also reported in much of Indiana, Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa as a result of the same thunderstorms, while high heat and humidity affected much of eastern North America; particularly along the eastern seaboard of the United States from New York City to the Carolinas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">European Severe Storms Laboratory</span> Organization

The European Severe Storms Laboratory (ESSL) is a scientific organisation that conducts research on severe convective storms, tornadoes, intense precipitation events, and avalanches across Europe and the Mediterranean. It operates the widely consulted European Severe Weather Database (ESWD).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tornadoes of 1984</span>

This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1984, primarily in the United States. Most tornadoes form in the U.S., although some events may take place internationally. Tornado statistics for older years like this often appear significantly lower than modern years due to fewer reports or confirmed tornadoes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tornadoes of 1962</span>

This page documents the tornadoes and tornado outbreaks of 1962, primarily in the United States. Most tornadoes form in the U.S., although tornadoes events can take place internationally. Tornado statistics for older years like this often appear significantly lower than modern years due to fewer reports or confirmed tornadoes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tornadoes of 2022</span> List of notable tornadoes occurring in 2022

This page documents notable tornadoes and tornado outbreaks worldwide in 2022. Strong and destructive tornadoes form most frequently in the United States, Argentina, Brazil, Bangladesh, and Eastern India, but can occur almost anywhere under the right conditions. Tornadoes also develop occasionally in southern Canada during the Northern Hemisphere's summer and somewhat regularly at other times of the year across Europe, Asia, Argentina, Australia and New Zealand. Tornadic events are often accompanied by other forms of severe weather, including strong thunderstorms, strong winds, and hail. Worldwide, 32 tornado-related deaths were confirmed: 23 in the United States, three in China, two each in Poland and Russia, and one each in the Netherlands and Ukraine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tornadoes in Iceland</span> Tornadoes in the country of Iceland

Tornadoes in the country of Iceland are extremely rare, with only 13 events ever being recorded in the country's history. No fatalities or injuries have ever been recorded because of tornadoes in Iceland, and the highest rated tornado to ever occur was an F1.

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