Mountain river

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The Korkeakoski rapids of Tuovilanlahti in Maaninka, Kuopio, Finland are formed by a fan-shaped area of jugged rocks. Korkeakosken louhikkoputous 2020.jpg
The Korkeakoski rapids of Tuovilanlahti in Maaninka, Kuopio, Finland are formed by a fan-shaped area of jugged rocks.

A mountain river is a river that runs usually in mountains, in narrow, deep valley with steep banks, rocky stream bed, and accumulated rock debris.

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Mountain rivers are characterized by high slope and flow velocity, insignificant depth, frequent rapids and waterfalls, as well as dominated washed out processes. The gradient of a mountain river is calculated at 60–80 m/km in upper stream and 5–10 m/km in lower. More precisely it is greater than or equal to 0.002 m/m along most of its stream length. Speed of stream is measured at 1 to 4.5 m/s and higher.

Mountain rivers have significant hydro energy producing potential and in arid conditions often used for irrigation.

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