Radio Afghanistan, also known as Radio Kabul or Voice of Sharia, is the public radio station of Afghanistan, owned by Radio Television Afghanistan. The frequencies are 1107 kHz (AM) and 105.2 MHz (FM) for the Kabul area. The name Radio Kabul has been given to many different incarnations of the state-run radio station since the first radio transmitters were installed in Kabul in the 1920s.
The music of Afghanistan comprises many varieties of classical music, folk music, and modern popular music. Afghanistan has a rich musical heritage and features a mix of Persian melodies, Indian compositional principles, and sounds from ethnic groups such as the Pashtuns, Tajiks and Hazaras. Instruments used range from Indian tablas to long-necked lutes. Afghanistan's classical music is closely related to Hindustani classical music while sourcing much of its lyrics directly from classical Persian poetry such as Mawlana Balkhi (Rumi) and the Iranian tradition indigenous to central Asia. Lyrics throughout most of Afghanistan are typically in Dari (Persian) and Pashto. The multi-ethnic city of Kabul has long been the regional cultural capital, but outsiders have tended to focus on the city of Herat, which is home to traditions more closely related to Iranian music than in the rest of the country.
The national flag of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, adopted on 15 August 2021 following the Taliban's victory in the 2001–2021 war, features a white field with a black Shahada inscribed. Since the 20th century, Afghanistan has changed its national flag several times. The national flag had black, red and green colors most of the time during the period.
The National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the national anthem of Iran. It was adopted in 1990, replacing the previous anthem used during the rule of Ruhollah Khomeini. It was composed by Hassan Riyahi, and the lyrics were written by Sayed Bagheri. It is the fourth official Iranian national anthem.
The Ministry of Defense is the cabinet ministry of Afghanistan responsible for overseeing the military of Afghanistan. The ministry is located in Kabul.
The National Assembly, also known as the Parliament of Afghanistan or simply as the Afghan Parliament, was the legislature of Afghanistan in various forms from the monarchy, republican, communist and liberal democratic periods between 1931 and 2021. It was a bicameral body, comprising two chambers:
Afghanistan National Television is the state-owned television channel in Afghanistan. It is part of the Radio Television Afghanistan (RTA) public broadcaster.
Milli Bus, also spelt Millie Bus, is a government-run bus service operating across Afghanistan. Operations are managed by the Afghan Ministry of Transport and Civil Aviation.
"Notuner Gan", more popularly known by its incipit as "Chol Chol Chol", is the national march of Bangladesh, whose lyrics and tune were written by national poet Kazi Nazrul Islam in 1928. It was first published in the newspaper Shikha with the title Notuner Gaan and was later included in Nazrul's book Shondha. The Bangladeshi government adopted this song as the national marching song of Bangladesh on 13 January 1972 in its first meeting after the country's independence. The first lines of the song are played at most military ceremonies or functions. The Daily Star has referred to it as the national military song. It was proposed for the national anthem of Bangladesh in 1975.
Abdul Bari Jahani is an Afghan poet, novelist, historian and journalist. He wrote the lyrics for the national anthem of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.
The "Grand Salute", also known by its incipit "Our Brave and Noble King" was the national anthem of the Kingdom of Afghanistan from 1943 to 1973. The song was officially launched in 1943 and replaced the first national anthem, composed during the reign of Amanullah Khan. In 1973, the kingdom was overthrown in a coup d'état, and the song was also abolished.
"Garam shah lā garam shah" was the national anthem of Afghanistan from 1978 to 1992, during the period of one-party socialist rule.
"Fortress of Islam, Heart of Asia" is an Afghan mujahideen battle song composed in 1919 by Ustad Qasim. It was adopted as the national anthem of the Islamic State of Afghanistan from 1992 to 2006.
The Afghan Armed Forces, officially the Armed Forces of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan and also referred to as the Islamic Emirate Armed Forces, is the military of Afghanistan, commanded by the Taliban government from 1997 to 2001 and since August 2021. According to Afghanistan's Ministry of Defense, its total manpower is 170,000.
Qasem Jo, better known as Ustad Qasim, was an Afghan musician, composer, and singer. He is generally considered by musicologists to be one of the most well-known Afghan musicians of the 20th century.
"Millī Surūd", or better known as "Amani Surūd" was the first national anthem of the Kingdom of Afghanistan in 1926. It was composed and arranged by Khalid Rajab Bey, a Turkish professor at the School of Industry and Music who taught music in Kabul during the reign of Amanullah Khan. It was played on state visits abroad by Amanullah. Although it is difficult to say whether it has become a national anthem in the modern sense. It does not have its own title or text. In 1943, it was replaced by a second national anthem.
The "Afghan National Anthem" is the de jure national anthem of the internationally recognized Islamic Republic of Afghanistan used since 2006 but fell into disuse in 2021. The lyrics were written by Abdul Bari Jahani, and the music was composed by German-Afghan composer Babrak Wassa. It was de facto replaced by "This Is the Home of the Brave" after the Taliban takeover in 2021.
"This Is the Home of the Brave" is a Pashto-language nasheed and the national anthem of the so-called Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. It is an a cappella song, meaning that it does not contain musical instruments, as instruments are considered haram by the Taliban. This Nasheed is based on the communist era song "Da De Azadi Khawra".
The National Democratic Movement is a Pashtun nationalist, regionalist, and social-democratic political party in Pakistan. The NDM seeks to resist the "growing militarisation" and promotes a federal parliamentary system. It also aims to provide a platform to women and youth for organising their political activism. It was founded by Mohsin Dawar on 1 September 2021 in Peshawar.
