P2X purinoceptor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the P2RX2 gene. [5] [6] [7]
The product of this gene belongs to the family of purinoceptors for ATP. This receptor functions as a cation conducting ligand-gated ion channel. Binding to ATP mediates synaptic transmission between neurons and from neurons to smooth muscle. Six transcript variants encoding six distinct isoforms have been identified for this gene. [7]
Purinergic receptors, also known as purinoceptors, are a family of plasma membrane molecules that are found in almost all mammalian tissues. Within the field of purinergic signalling, these receptors have been implicated in learning and memory, locomotor and feeding behavior, and sleep. More specifically, they are involved in several cellular functions, including proliferation and migration of neural stem cells, vascular reactivity, apoptosis and cytokine secretion. These functions have not been well characterized and the effect of the extracellular microenvironment on their function is also poorly understood.
The ATP-gated P2X receptor cation channel family, or simply P2X receptor family, consists of cation-permeable ligand-gated ion channels that open in response to the binding of extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). They belong to a larger family of receptors known as the ENaC/P2X superfamily. ENaC and P2X receptors have similar 3-D structures and are homologous. P2X receptors are present in a diverse array of organisms including humans, mouse, rat, rabbit, chicken, zebrafish, bullfrog, fluke, and amoeba.
Kir6.2 is a major subunit of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel, a lipid-gated inward-rectifier potassium ion channel. The gene encoding the channel is called KCNJ11 and mutations in this gene are associated with congenital hyperinsulinism.
Glutamate receptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRIA3 gene.
P2X purinoceptor 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the P2RX7 gene.
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HTR3A gene.
P2X purinoceptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the P2RX1 gene.
P2Y purinoceptor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the P2RY2 gene.
P2Y purinoceptor 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the P2RY11 gene.
P2Y purinoceptor 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the P2RY13 gene.
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-4, also known as nAChRα4, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNA4 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of certain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Alpha4-containing nAChRs appear to play a crucial role in the addictive response to nicotine..
Glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRIA2 gene and it is a subunit found in the AMPA receptors.
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNB2 gene.
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GABRR1 gene.
Cyclic nucleotide gated channel beta 3, also known as CNGB3, is a human gene encoding an ion channel protein.
P2X purinoceptor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the P2RX4 gene. The product of this gene belongs to the family of purinoceptors for ATP. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been identified for this gene although their full-length natures have not been determined.
P2X purinoceptor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the P2RX5 gene.
P2X purinoceptor 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the P2RX3 gene.
Glutamate receptor, ionotropic kainate 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GRIK5 gene.
P2X purinoceptor 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the P2RX6 gene.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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