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This list of fossil fish research presented in 2021 is a list of new taxa of jawless vertebrates, placoderms, acanthodians, fossil cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, and other fishes that were described during the year, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleoichthyology that occurred in 2021.
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Meng & Gai | A member of Galeaspida belonging to the family Tridensaspidae. Genus includes new species F. liui. | |||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Liu et al. | A member of Galeaspida belonging to the family Hanyangaspidae. Genus includes new species H. inexpectatus. | |||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Liu et al. | A member of Galeaspida belonging to the group Eugaleaspidiformes. The type species is J. retrospina. | |||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Jiang et al. | Early Devonian | A member of Galeaspida. Genus includes new species Q. elaia. | ||||
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Li, Zhu & Zhu in Li et al. | A placoderm closely related to the last common ancestor of bony and cartilaginous fishes. The type species is B. micros. | |||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Jobbins et al. | Devonian (Givetian) | A member of Arthrodira belonging to the family Plourdosteidae. The type species is L. ziregensis. | |||||
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Dearden et al. | A new genus for "Vernicomacanthus" waynensis Miles (1973) | |||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | ||||||
Nostolepis qujingensis [19] | Sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Devonian (Lochkovian) | Xitun Formation | |||
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gen. et sp. nov | Vullo et al. | Late Cretaceous (Turonian) | A probable planktivorous shark placed in the new family Aquilolamnidae, of uncertain placement. Possibly a member of Lamniformes. The type species is A. milarcae. | |||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Canevet & Lebrun | Miocene | A species of Carcharhinus . | ||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Canevet & Lebrun | Miocene | A species of Carcharhinus. | ||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Cicimurri & Ebersole | A species of Carcharhinus. | |||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Feichtinger et al. | ||||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Hodnett et al. | A medium-sized ctenacanthiform shark known from a complete skeleton with soft tissue. The type species is D. hoffmanorum. | |||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Stumpf et al. | Late Jurassic (Tithonian) | A member of the family Hybodontidae. The type species is D. maiseyi. | ||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | A member of Euselachii. Genus includes new species F. orientalis. | |||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Roelofs et al. | Genus includes new species J. ambiguus. | |||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Triassic (Ladinian–Carnian) | A member of Euselachii. Genus includes new species K. nimaiguensis. | ||||
Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Ivanov, Duffin & Richter | A member of the family Jalodontidae. Genus includes "Phoebodus" brodiei Woodward (1893) (interpreted by Ivanov, Duffin & Richter, 2021 as a senior synonym of "Phoebodus" keuperinus Seilacher, 1948). | |||||
Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Greenfield | late Eocene or Cretaceous (uncertain) | A possible member of the family Pseudoscapanorhynchidae. The type species is "Archaeolamna" apophysata Li (1997). | ||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Bronson | Carboniferous (Mississippian) | A symmoriiform. The type species is M. ozarkanum. | ||||
Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Long et al. | Devonian (Emsian) | Cravens Peak Beds | A member of the family Mcmurdodontidae; a new genus for "Mcmurdodus" whitei Turner & Young (1987). | |||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Popov & Shapovalov | Late Jurassic | A chimaera belonging to the family Callorhinchidae. Genus includes new species M. robustus. | ||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Collareta et al. | A member of Rajiformes, possibly a skate. The type species is N. wardi. | |||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Canevet & Lebrun | Miocene | A species of Negaprion . | ||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Ivanov | ||||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Lebedev & Popov in Lebedev et al. | Dashkovo Formation | A chimaera. Genus includes new species P. mirabilis. | ||||
Sp. nov | In press | Jambura, Stumpf & Kriwet | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) | |||||
Sp. nov | In press | Amadori et al. | ||||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Ivanov in Ivanov et al. | A member of the family Anachronistidae. Genus includes new species R. lata. | |||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Li et al. | Triassic (Ladinian–Carnian) | A member of Elasmobranchii of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species R. xingyiensis. | ||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Sharma & Singh | Jaisalmer Formation | Marine hybodont shark | ||||
Strophodus jaisalmerensis [42] | Sp. nov | In press | Kumar et al. | A hybodont shark. | ||||
Sp. nov | Laurito & Valerio | Miocene–Pliocene (Messinian–Piacenzian) | A stingray, a species of Taeniurops . | |||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Luccisano et al. | Early Permian | Autun Basin | ||||
Nom. nov | Valid | Duffin | Late Triassic | A member of Neoselachii; a replacement name for Vallisia Duffin (1982). | ||||
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | A species of Achirus . | |||||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Lacui Formation | A species of Achirus. | ||||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Lacui Formation | A species of Agonopsis . | ||||
Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Taverne & Capasso | Akrabou Formation | A member of the family Pycnodontidae. The type species is A. aldrovandii. | ||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Bakaev in Ivanov et al. | Permian (Roadian) | Cutoff Formation | A member of the family Elonichthyidae. | |||
Sp. nov | Valid | Capasso et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | A member of Pycnodontiformes. | ||||
Anomoeodus caddoi [70] | Sp. nov | Valid | Suarez et al. | A member of Pycnodontiformes. | ||||
Sp. nov | In press | Bradić-Milinović, Rundić & Schwarzhans | Miocene | A member of the family Valenciidae. | ||||
Sp. nov | In press | Díaz-Cruz, Alvarado-Ortega & Cantalice | Late Cretaceous (Campanian) | Angostura Formation | A member of Aulopiformes belonging to the family Dercetidae. | |||
Sp. nov | In press | Schwarzhans & Jagt | A member of Gadiformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement. | |||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Agiadi, Koskeridou & Thivaiou | Miocene (Aquitanian) | A species of Ariosoma . | ||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Figueroa, Weinschütz & Friedman | Middle Devonian or older | Paraná Basin | An early ray-finned fish. Genus includes new species A. ferox. | ||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Nam, Nazarkin & Bannikov | Middle Miocene | A species of Auxis . | ||||
Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Hacker & Shimada | A member of Ichthyodectiformes. Genus includes new species B. carteri. | |||||
Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans, Milàn & Carnevale | Kerteminde Marl | A member of the family Macrouridae. The type species is "Hymenocephalus" rosenkrantzi Schwarzhans (2003). | ||||
Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Taverne & Capasso | A member of the family Pycnodontidae. The type species is "Proscinetes" pillae Capasso (2007). | |||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Štamberg & Steyer | Permian | Brive Basin | A pygopterid. Genus includes new species B. chantepieorum. | |||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Navidad Formation | A species of Capromimus . | ||||
Sp. nov | In press | Newman et al. | Devonian (Givetian) | |||||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Navidad Formation | A species of Chiloconger . | ||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Cantalice, Than-Marchese & Villalobos-Segura | A member of Acanthopterygii of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species C. alvaradoi. | |||||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Ipún beds | A species of Citharichthys . | ||||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Lacui Formation | A species of Citharichthys. | ||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Murray & Holmes | Late Eocene | A species of Clarotes . | ||||
Sp. nov | Valid | López-Arbarello & Ebert | A member of Chondrostei belonging to the family Coccolepididae. | |||||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Ipún Beds | A species of Coelorinchus . | ||||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Navidad Formation | A species of Coelorinchus. | ||||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Lacui Formation | A species of Cottunculus . | ||||
Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Schwarzhans & Jagt | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Maastricht Formation | A member of Perciformes, possibly belonging to the family Serranidae. Genus includes new species C. maastrichtensis. | |||
Sp. nov | Valid | Su, Chang & Chen | Miocene | Xiacaowan Formation | A species of Ctenopharyngodon . | |||
Sp. nov | Valid | Su, Chang & Chen | Miocene | Xiejia Formation | A species of Ctenopharyngodon. | |||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Su, Chang & Chen | Ulanbulage Formation | A member of the family Cyprinidae belonging to the subfamily Squaliobarbinae. The type species is D. saintjaquensis. | ||||
Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Abu El-Kheir et al. | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | A member of Pycnodontiformes. Genus includes new species D. tavernensis. | ||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Ebert | Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) | A member of Ophiopsiformes. | ||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Su, Chang & Chen | Oligocene | Dongying Formation | A member of the family Cyprinidae belonging to the subfamily Squaliobarbinae. The type species is E. liui. | |||
Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Wick | Late Cretaceous (Campanian) | A member of Characiformes. Genus includes new species E. malateres. | ||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Ma, Xu & Geng | A member of the family Colobodontidae. | |||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Taverne | Late Cretaceous (Santonian) | A lanternfish. The type species is G. sorbinii. | ||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Agiadi, Koskeridou & Thivaiou | Miocene (Aquitanian) | A species of Gnathophis . | ||||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Navidad Formation | A species of Gnathophis. | ||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Ebersole, Cicimurri & Stringer | A member of the family Gobiidae. | |||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Chen et al. | A member of Clupeomorpha belonging to the group Ellimmichthyiformes. The type species is G. superstes. | |||||
Gen. et sp. et comb. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans, Agiadi & Thivaiou | Miocene | A member of the subfamily Gobionellinae. The type species is H. praeschismatus; genus also includes "Pomatoschistus" bunyatovi Bratishko et al. (2015). | ||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Reichenbacher & Bannikov | Miocene | A member of the family Gobiidae. The type species is K. prikryli. | ||||
Nom. nov | Valid | Schultze in Schultze et al. | A replacement name for Kellia Kazantseva-Selezneva (1980). | |||||
Sp. nov | In press | Bradić-Milinović, Rundić & Schwarzhans | Miocene | A member of the family Gobiidae. | ||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Přikryl | Oligocene–early Miocene | A deep-sea smelt. The type species is K. brzobohatyi. | ||||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Lacui Formation | A flagtail. | ||||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Ipún beds | A species of Lampanyctus . | ||||
Sp. nov | In press | Lin & Chien | Late Miocene | A species of Larimichthys . | ||||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Lacui Formation | A species of Lepophidium . | ||||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Navidad Formation | A species of Lepophidium. | ||||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Navidad Formation | A species of Maurolicus . | ||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Navidad Formation | Possibly a member of the family Prototroctidae. The type species is N. mirus. | ||||
Nom. nov | Valid | Schultze in Schultze et al. | A replacement name for Neuburgia Kazantseva-Selezneva (1980). | |||||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Lacui Formation | A species of Nezumia . | ||||
Sp. nov | In press | Lin & Chien | Late Miocene | Tapu Formation | A species of Nibea . | |||
Nom. nov | Valid | Schultze in Schultze et al. | Triassic | A replacement name for Oshia Sytchevskaya (1999). | ||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Taverne | A member of the family Pantodontidae. The type species is P. vandersypeni. | |||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Taverne | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) | A member of the family Pantodontidae. The type species is P. haqelensis. | ||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Navidad Formation | A pearlfish. The type species is P. chilensis. | ||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Xu | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | Guanling Formation | A member of Neopterygii belonging to the group Louwoichthyiformes. | |||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Taverne | Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) | A member of the family Pantodontidae. The type species is P. libanicus. | ||||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Navidad Formation | A species of Physiculus . | ||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Bannikov | Miocene | A member of Perciformes belonging to the group Stromateoidei. | ||||
Gen. et sp. et comb. nov | Valid | Schwarzhans, Agiadi & Thivaiou | Miocene (Aquitanian) | A member of the family Gobiidae belonging to the subfamily Gobiinae. The type species is P. felliensis. | ||||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Navidad Formation | A species of Polyipnus . | ||||
Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Nazarkin & Bannikov | Miocene | A member of Percoidei of uncertain phylogenetic placement; a new genus for "Pentaceros" sakhaliniсus Gretchina (1975). | ||||
Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Wick | Late Cretaceous (Campanian) | Aguja Formation | A member of Characiformes. Genus includes new species P. laramidensis. | |||
Sp. nov | Valid | Kevrekidis, Arratia & Reichenbacher in Kevrekidis et al. | Late Miocene | A member of the family Clupeidae. | ||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Reichenbacher & Bannikov | Miocene | A member of the family Gobiidae. The type species is P. manfredi. | ||||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Ipún beds | A species of Pseudonus . | ||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Ren & Xu | Middle Triassic (Anisian) | |||||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Navidad Formation | A species of Pterothrissus . | ||||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Lacui Formation | A species of Pythonichthys . | ||||
Gen. et sp. nov | Valid | Yabumoto & Nazarkin | Late Miocene | Koshikawa Formation | A member of the family Scorpaenidae. Genus includes new species R. sakurai. | |||
Sp. nov | In press | Schwarzhans & Jagt | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Maastricht Formation | A member of the family Merlucciidae. | |||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Navidad Formation | A species of Rhynchoconger . | ||||
Gen. et sp. et comb. nov | Valid | Reichenbacher & Bannikov | Miocene | A member of the family Gobiidae. The type species is S. compactus; genus also includes "Hesperichthys" iugosus Schwarzhans, Brzobohatý & Radwańska (2020). | ||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Renesto, Magnani & Stockar | ||||||
Gen. et sp. nov | In press | Stringer & Schwarzhans | Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) | Possibly a member of Polymixiiformes. Genus includes new species S. bourdoni. | ||||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Lacui Formation | A cusk-eel. | ||||
Sp. nov | Schwarzhans & Nielsen | Early Miocene | Navidad Formation | A species of Spectrunculus . | ||||
Gen. et 2 sp. nov | In press | Lin & Chien | Late Miocene | Tapu Formation | A member of the family Sciaenidae. The type species is T. jiangi; genus also includes T. hui. | |||
Sp. nov | In press | Bradić-Milinović, Rundić & Schwarzhans | Miocene | A member of the family Gobiidae. | ||||
Gen. et comb. nov | Valid | Liu | Early Eocene | A Catostomidae sucker. | ||||
Gen. et 2 sp. nov | Valid | Reichenbacher & Bannikov | Miocene | A member of the family Gobiidae. The type species is Y. decoratus; genus also includes Y. naslavcensis. | ||||
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Type locality | Country | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sp. nov | Valid | Wang et al. | Announced in 2021; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2022. | |||||
Sp. nov | Valid | Downs, Barbosa & Daeschler | ||||||
Chondrichthyes is a class of jawed fish that contains the cartilaginous fish or chondrichthyans, which all have skeletons primarily composed of cartilage. They can be contrasted with the Osteichthyes or bony fish, which have skeletons primarily composed of bone tissue. Chondrichthyes are aquatic vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, placoid scales, conus arteriosus in the heart, and a lack of opercula and swim bladders. Within the infraphylum Gnathostomata, cartilaginous fishes are distinct from all other jawed vertebrates.
Coelacanths are an ancient group of lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygii) in the class Actinistia. As sarcopterygians, they are more closely related to lungfish and tetrapods than to ray-finned fish.
Sarcopterygii — sometimes considered synonymous with Crossopterygii — is a clade of vertebrate animals which includes a group of bony fish commonly referred to as lobe-finned fish. These vertebrates are characterised by prominent muscular limb buds (lobes) within their fins, which are supported by articulated appendicular skeletons. This is in contrast to the other clade of bony fish, the Actinopterygii, which have only skin-covered bony spines supporting the fins.
The evolution of fish began about 530 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion. It was during this time that the early chordates developed the skull and the vertebral column, leading to the first craniates and vertebrates. The first fish lineages belong to the Agnatha, or jawless fish. Early examples include Haikouichthys. During the late Cambrian, eel-like jawless fish called the conodonts, and small mostly armoured fish known as ostracoderms, first appeared. Most jawless fish are now extinct; but the extant lampreys may approximate ancient pre-jawed fish. Lampreys belong to the Cyclostomata, which includes the extant hagfish, and this group may have split early on from other agnathans.
This list of fossil fish species is a list of taxa of fish that have been described during the year 2012. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.
This list of fossil fishes described in 2014 is a list of new taxa of placoderms, fossil cartilaginous fishes and bony fishess of every kind that have been described during the year 2014, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of fishes that occurred in the year 2014. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.
This list of fossil fishes described in 2013 is a list of new taxa of placoderms, fossil cartilaginous fishes and bony fishess of every kind that have been described during the year 2013. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.
This list of fossil fishes described in 2015 is a list of new taxa of jawless vertebrates, placoderms, acanthodians, fossil cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes and other fishes of every kind that have been described during the year 2015, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of fishes that occurred in the year 2015. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.
This list of fossil fishes described in 2016 is a list of new taxa of jawless vertebrates, placoderms, acanthodians, fossil cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes and other fishes of every kind that have been described during the year 2016, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of fishes that occurred in the year 2016. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.
This list of fossil fishes described in 2017 is a list of new taxa of jawless vertebrates, placoderms, acanthodians, fossil cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes and other fishes of every kind that are scheduled to be described during the year 2017, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of fishes that are scheduled to occur in the year 2017. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.
This list of fossil fish described in 2018 is a list of new taxa of jawless vertebrates, placoderms, acanthodians, fossil cartilaginous fish, bony fish, and other fish of every kind that are scheduled to be described during the year 2018, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of fish that are scheduled to occur in 2018.
This list of fossil fishes described in 2019 is a list of new taxa of jawless vertebrates, placoderms, acanthodians, fossil cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, and other fishes of every kind that were described during the year 2019, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleoichthyology that occurred in 2019.
This list of fossil fishes described in 2020 is a list of new taxa of jawless vertebrates, placoderms, acanthodians, fossil cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, and other fishes of every kind that were described during the year 2020, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleoichthyology that occurred in 2020.
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2021.
Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2022.
This list of fossil fish research presented in 2022 is a list of new fossil taxa of jawless vertebrates, placoderms, cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, and other fishes that were described during the year, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleoichthyology that occurred in 2022.
This list of fossil fish research presented in 2023 is a list of new fossil taxa of jawless vertebrates, placoderms, cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, and other fishes that were described during the year, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleoichthyology that occurred in 2023.
This list of fossil fish research presented in 2024 is a list of new fossil taxa of jawless vertebrates, placoderms, cartilaginous fishes, bony fishes, and other fishes that were described during the year, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleoichthyology that occurred in 2024.
The evolution of fishes took place over a timeline which spans the Cambrian to the Cenozoic, including during that time in particular the Devonian, which has been dubbed the "age of fishes" for the many changes during that period.
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