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Below is a list of Armenian language exonyms for places. This list only includes names that are significantly different from the local toponym, some exonyms are marked as historical, modern exonyms may match the toponyms.
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Below is a list of Armenian language exonyms for places. This list only includes names that are significantly different from the local toponym, some exonyms are marked as historical, modern exonyms may match the toponyms.
 Austria Ավստրիա (Avstria) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Armenian name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Vienna | Vienna (Վիեննա) | Wien | German | |
 Belgium Բելգիա (Belgia) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Armenian name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Flanders | Flandria (Ֆլանդրիա) | Vlaanderen | Dutch | |
| Wallonia | Valonia (Վալոնիա) | Wallonie | French | |
 Czech Republic Չեխիա (Chekhia) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Armenian name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Bohemia | Bohemia (Բոհեմիա) | Čechy | Czech | |
| Moravia | Moravia (Մոռավիա) | Morava | Czech | |
 Denmark Դանիա (Dania) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Armenian name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Copenhagen | Kopenhagen (Կոպենհագեն) | København | Danish | |
 France Ֆրանսիա (Fransia) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Armenian name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Brittany | Bretan (Բրետան) | Bretagne | French | |
| Breizh | Breton | |||
| Corsica | Korsika (Կորսիկա) | Corse | French | |
| Lorraine | Lotaringia (Լոտարինգիա) | Lorraine | French | |
| Normandy | Normandia (Նորմանդիա) | Normandie | French | |
| Picardy | Pikardia (Պիկարդիա) | Picardie | French | |
 Georgia Վրաստան (Vrastan) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Armenian name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Batumi | Bat'oum (Բաթում) | Batumi (ბათუმი) | Georgian | |
| Khashuri | Khashour (Խաշուր) | Khashuri (ხაშური) | Georgian | |
| Kutaisi | Kout'ais (Քութայիս) | Kutaisi (ქუთაისი) | Georgian | |
| Senaki | Senak (Սենակ) | Senaki (სენაკი) | Georgian | |
| Tbilisi | Tpghis (Տփղիս) | Tbilisi (თბილისი) | Georgian | Now historical. |
| Zugdidi | Zougdid (Զուգդիդ) | Zugdidi (ზუგდიდი) | Georgian | |
 Germany Գերմանիա (Germania) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Armenian name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Bavaria | Bavaria (Բավարիա) | Bayern | German | |
| Lower Saxony | Storin Saksonia (Ստորին Սաքսոնիա) | Niedersachsen | German | |
| Saxony | Saksonia (Սաքսոնիա) | Sachsen | German | |
| Saxony-Anhalt | Saksonia-Anhalt' (Սաքսոնիա-Անհալթ) | Sachsen-Anhalt | German | |
| Thuringia | T'youringia (Թյուրինգիա) | Thüringen | German | |
 Greece Հունաստան (Hounastan) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Armenian name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Athens | Atenk' (Աթենք) | Athína (Αθήνα) | Greek | |
| Corinth | Kornt'os (Կորնթոս) | Kórinthos (Κόρινθος) | Greek | |
| Heraklion | Heraklion (Հերակլիոն) | Irákleio (Ηράκλειο) | Greek | |
| Thebes | T'ebe (Թեբե) | Thíva (Θήβα) | Greek | |
| Thessaloniki, Salonica | Tesaghoniké (Թեսաղոնիկէ) | Thessaloníki (Θεσσαλονίκη) | Greek | |
 Italy Իտալիա (Italia) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Armenian name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Apulia | Apoulia (Ապուլիա) | Puglia | Italian | |
| Florence | Florentsia (Ֆլորենցիա) | Firenze | Italian | |
| Milan | Milan (Միլան) | Milano | Italian | |
| Naples | Neapol (Նեապոլ) | Napoli | Italian | |
| Piedmont | Piemont (Պիեմոնտ) | Piemonte | Italian | |
| Rome | Hrom (Հռոմ) | Roma | Italian | |
| Turin | T'ourin (Թուրին) | Torino | Italian | |
| Syracuse | Sirakyous (Սիրաքյուս) | Siracusa | Italian | |
| Venice | Venetik (Վենետիկ) | Venezia | Italian | |
 Poland Լեհաստան (Lehastan) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Armenian name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Pomerania | Pomerania (Պոմերանիա) | Pomorska | Polish | |
| Silesia | Silesia (Սիլեզիա) | Śląsk | Polish | |
 Portugal Պորտուգալիա (Portougalia) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Armenian name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Lisbon | Lisabon (Լիսաբոն) | Lisboa | Portuguese | |
 Spain Իսպանիա (Ispania) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Armenian name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Catalonia | Katalonia (Կատալոնիա) | Cataluña | Spanish | |
| Catalunya | Catalan | |||
 Sweden Շվեդիա (Shvedia) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Armenian name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Scania | Skania (Սկանիա) | Skåne | Swedish | |
 Turkey Թուրքիա (Tourkia) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Armenian name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Arapgir | Arabkir (Արաբկիր) | Arapgir | Turkish | |
| Bitlis | Baghesh (Բաղեշ) | Bitlis | Turkish | |
| Diyarbakır | Tigrankert (Տիգրանակերտ) | Diyarbakır | Turkish | |
| Doğubayazıt | Daronyk (Դարոյնք), Darenits' (Դարենից) | Doğubayazıt | Turkish | |
| Edirne | Adrianapolis (Ադրիանապոլիս) | Edirne | Turkish | |
| Elazığ | Kharberd (Խարբերդ) | Elazığ | Turkish | |
| Erzincan | Yerznka (Երզնկա) | Erzincan | Turkish | |
| Erzurum | Karin (Կարին) | Erzurum | Turkish | |
| Hınıs | Khnus (Խնուս) | Hınıs | Turkish | |
| Istanbul | Kostantinoupolis (Կոստանդնուպոլիս), Byouzandion (Բյուզանդիոն) | İstanbul | Turkish | Both now historical. |
| Kars | Kars (Կարս), Ghars (Ղարս) | Kars | Turkish | |
| Sarıkamış | Sarighamish (Սարիղամիշ) | Sarıkamış | Turkish | |
| Sason | Sasun (Սասուն) | Sason | Turkish | |
| Sivas | Sebastia (Սեբաստիա) | Sivas | Turkish | |
| Trabzon | Trapizon (Տրապիզոն) | Trabzon | Turkish | |
| Üsküdar | Skyutar (Սկյուտար) | Üsküdar | Turkish | |
 United Kingdom Միացյալ Թագավորություն (Miatsyal T'agavorout'youn) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English name | Armenian name | Endonym | Notes | |
| Name | Language | |||
| Great Britain | Mec Britania (Մեծ Բրիտանիա) | Great Britain | English | |
| England | Anglia (Անգլիա) | England | English | |
| Northern Ireland | Hyusisayin Irlandia (Հյուսիսային Իռլանդիա) | Northern Ireland | English | |
| Scotland | Shotlandia (Շոտլանդիա) | Scotland | English | |
| Alba | Scottish Gaelic | |||
| Wales | Ouels (Ուելս) | Wales | English | |
| Cymru | Welsh | |||
Toponymy, toponymics, or toponomastics is the study of toponyms, including their origins, meanings, usage and types. Toponym is the general term for a proper name of any geographical feature, and full scope of the term also includes proper names of all cosmographical features.
An endonym is a common, native name for a group of people, individual person, geographical place, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside a particular group or linguistic community to identify or designate themselves, their homeland, or their language.
Many places in Central Europe, mostly in the former German Empire and Austria-Hungary but now in non-German-speaking countries, traditionally had names in the German language. Many such names have been used for centuries by the German presence in the area dating back to Ostsiedlung, while some others were simply German transliterations of local names or names invented in the 19th and 20th centuries.
An ethnonym is a name applied to a given ethnic group. Ethnonyms can be divided into two categories: exonyms and autonyms, or endonyms.
Below is a list of German language exonyms for formerly German places and other places in non-German-speaking areas of the world. Archaic names are in italics.
An English exonym is a name in the English language for a place, or occasionally other terms, which does not follow the local usage. Exonyms and endonyms are features of all languages, and other languages may have their own exonym for English endonyms, for example Llundain is the Welsh exonym for the English endonym "London".
Below is a list of Finnish language exonyms for places in non-Finnish-speaking areas:
This is a list of Bulgarian exonyms for places that do not use Bulgarian. This list includes only names that are significantly different from the local toponym, and archaic or obsolete names are italicized.
Many places have exonyms, names for places that differs from that used in the official or well-established language within that place, in the Albanian language.
Japanese exonyms are the names of places in the Japanese language that differ from the name given in the place's dominant language.
The Miwa are an Aboriginal Australian people of the Kimberley region of Western Australia.
The Pini or Nana, or more specifically the Birniridjara, also spelt Piniridjara and Biniridjara, are an Aboriginal Australian people of Western Australia.
The Wailpi are an indigenous people of South Australia They are also known as the Adnyamathanha, which also refers to a larger group, though they speak a dialect of the Adnyamathanha language.
The Ngaliya (Ngalia) are an indigenous Australian people of the Northern Territory who speak a dialect of the Warlpiri language. They are not to be confused with the Ngalia of the Western Desert.