Dzharatitanis

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Dzharatitanis
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous,
~92–90  Ma
Dzharatitanis Holotype Vertebra.png
Holotype vertebra seen from three different angles
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Sauropodomorpha
Clade: Sauropoda
Clade: Neosauropoda
Genus: Dzharatitanis
Averianov & Sues, 2021
Species:
D. kingi
Binomial name
Dzharatitanis kingi
Averianov & Sues, 2021

Dzharatitanis (meaning "Dzharakuduk titan") is a genus of sauropod from the Bissekty Formation in Uzbekistan, dating to the Turonian age of the Late Cretaceous. The genus contains a single species, Dzharatitanis kingi, named after geologist Christopher King, who contributed to the Cretaceous geology of Asia. It is currently one of two known sauropods from the Bissekty Formation, alongside an indeterminate titanosaur. [1] In its original publication it was considered to be a member of Rebbachisauridae, but later papers considered it to be a titanosaur. [2]

Contents

Discovery and naming

The holotype was found in 1997 by Hans-Dieter Sues and David J. Ward during the URBAC (Uzbek/Russian/British/American/Canadian) expedition. It was classified as a titanosaur before being given a name on two occasions - firstly by Sues et al. (2015) [3] and then by Averianov and Sues (2017). [4] The genus Dzharatitanis was described in 2021 by Alexander Averianov and Hans-Dieter Sues. It was named after the Dzharakuduk locality in Uzbekistan and the titans in ancient Greek mythology. The genus was based on an anterior caudal vertebra (USNM 538127), likely representing the first caudal, that was originally described as belonging to an intermediate titanosaurian taxon. [1] [3] The juvenile dorsal sauropod centrum USNM 538133 may also belong to this taxon. [1]

Classification

The phylogenetic analysis by Averianov and Sues places Dzharatitanis in the Rebbachisauridae, in an unresolved polytomy with Demandasaurus , Nigersaurus , Rayososaurus and Rebbachisaurus . The taxon shares with Demandasaurus and the unnamed rebbachisaur from the Wessex Formation a high spinodiapophyseal lamina on the lateral side of the neural spine, separated from the spinoprezygapophyseal lamina and spinopostzygapophyseal lamina, which may indicate a close relationship between these taxa. [1] However, a study published only a few months later disputed this classification, finding it to be a titanosaur instead, with close affinities to Lognkosauria. [2] The two contrasting results are shown below.

As observed in the original 2015 description of sauropod fossil material from Uzbekistan's Bissekty Formation, and reinforced by a later 2022 study, the Dzharatitanis holotype caudal vertebra is remarkably similar to those of the contemporary Asian sauropod Dongyangosaurus , which may have affinities to the Titanosauria. [3] [5] [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Titanosauria</span> Extinct clade of dinosaurs

Titanosaurs were a diverse group of sauropod dinosaurs, including genera from all seven continents. The titanosaurs were the last surviving group of long-necked sauropods, with taxa still thriving at the time of the extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous. This group includes some of the largest land animals known to have ever existed, such as Patagotitan—estimated at 37 m (121 ft) long with a weight of 69 tonnes —and the comparably-sized Argentinosaurus and Puertasaurus from the same region.

<i>Turanoceratops</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Turanoceratops is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur from the late Cretaceous Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan. The fossils dated from the mid-late Turonian stage, roughly 90 million years ago. The skull bore a pair of long brow horns like those seen in the Ceratopsidae, although Turanoceratops appears to have been transitional between earlier ceratopsians and ceratopsids, and not a ceratopsid itself.

Bissektipelta is a genus of ankylosaurine thyreophoran dinosaurs that lived in Asia during the Late Cretaceous in what is now the Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan. Bissektipelta is a monospecific genus, containing only the type species B. archibaldi.

Borealosaurus is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of northern China. The type species is Borealosaurus wimani, which was named in 2004.

<i>Epachthosaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Epachthosaurus was a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous. It was a basal lithostrotian titanosaur. Its fossils have been found in Central and Northern Patagonia in South America.

<i>Mongolosaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Mongolosaurus is a genus of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur which lived during the Early Cretaceous of China.

<i>Jiangshanosaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Jiangshanosaurus is a genus of herbivorous titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur that lived in China approximately 92-88 million years ago, during the Turonian-Coniacian stage of the Late Cretaceous.

<i>Sonidosaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Sonidosaurus is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous. It was a titanosaur which lived in what is now Inner Mongolia. The type species, Sonidosaurus saihangaobiensis, was described by Xu, Zhang, Tan, Zhao, and Tan in 2006. It was a small titanosaur, about 9 meters (30 ft) long. It was first discovered in the Iren Dabasu Formation in 2001 in a quarry which would later yield the remains of Gigantoraptor starting in 2005.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lithostrotia</span> Extinct clade of dinosaurs

Lithostrotia is a clade of derived titanosaur sauropods that lived during the Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous. The group was defined by Upchurch et al. in 2004 as the most recent common ancestor of Malawisaurus and Saltasaurus and all the descendants of that ancestor. Lithostrotia is derived from the Ancient Greek lithostros, meaning "inlaid with stones", referring to the fact that many known lithostrotians are preserved with osteoderms. However, osteoderms are not a distinguishing feature of the group, as the two noted by Unchurch et al. include caudal vertebrae with strongly concave front faces (procoely), although the farthest vertebrae are not procoelous.

<i>Ruyangosaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Ruyangosaurus is a genus of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur recovered from the Early Cretaceous Haoling Formation of China. The type species is R. giganteus, described in 2009 by Lü Junchang et al.

<i>Baotianmansaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Baotianmansaurus is a genus of titanosaur sauropod dinosaur. Its fossils have been found in Upper Cretaceous rocks in Henan, China, within the Gaogou Formation. The type species is B. henanensis, described in 2009. The holotype is 41H III-0200. Remains of the fossils were vertebrae, ribs and scapula fragments. It was probably a close relative of Opisthocoelicaudia and Dongyangosaurus in Saltasauridae.

The Bissekty Formation is a geologic formation and Lagerstätte which crops out in the Kyzyl Kum desert of Uzbekistan, and dates to the Late Cretaceous Period. Laid down in the mid to late Turonian, it is dated to about 92 to 90 Ma.

<i>Xianshanosaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Xianshanosaurus is a genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian) of the Ruyang Basin in Henan Province, China. Its type and only species is Xianshanosaurus shijiagouensis. It was described in 2009 by a team of paleontologists led by Lü Junchang. Xianshanosaurus may be a titanosaur, and Daxiatitan may be its closest relative, but its evolutionary relationships remain controversial.

<i>Katepensaurus</i> Extinct genus of rebbachisaurid dinosaurs

Katepensaurus is an extinct genus of rebbachisaurid sauropod dinosaur known from the Late Cretaceous of south-central Chubut Province of central Patagonia, Argentina. It contains a single species, Katepensaurus goicoecheai.

<i>Yongjinglong</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Yongjinglong is an extinct genus of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur known from the Early Cretaceous of Lanzhou-Minhe Basin of Gansu Province, China. It contains a single species, Yongjinglong datangi.

<i>Timurlengia</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Timurlengia is an extinct genus of tyrannosauroid theropod dinosaur found in Uzbekistan, in the Bissekty Formation in the Kyzylkum Desert, hailing from the Turonian age of the early Late Cretaceous. The type species is Timurlengia euotica.

<i>Savannasaurus</i> Extinct genus of dinosaurs

Savannasaurus is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Winton Formation of Queensland, Australia. It contains one species, Savannasaurus elliottorum, named in 2016 by Stephen Poropat and colleagues. The holotype and only known specimen, originally nicknamed "Wade", is the most complete specimen of an Australian sauropod, and is held at the Australian Age of Dinosaurs museum. Dinosaurs known from contemporary rocks include its close relative Diamantinasaurus and the theropod Australovenator; associated teeth suggest that Australovenator may have fed on the holotype specimen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rinconsauria</span> Extinct clade of dinosaurs

Rinconsauria is an extinct clade of giant titanosaurian sauropods known from the late Cretaceous period of Argentina.

<i>Sibirotitan</i> Extinct genus of reptiles

Sibirotitan is a genus of somphospondyl sauropod from the Ilek Formation of Russia. The type and only species is S. astrosacralis.

Dzharaonyx is a genus of alvarezsaurid theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan. The type species is Dzharaonyx eski; eski being an Uzbek word for "old".

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Averianov, A.; Sues, H.-D. (2021). "First rebbachisaurid sauropod dinosaur from Asia". PLOS ONE. 16 (2): e0246620. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246620 . PMC   7904184 . PMID   33626060.
  2. 1 2 3 Lerzo, Lucas Nicolás; Carballido, José Luis; Gallina, Pablo Ariel (30 April 2021). "¿Saurópodos Rebbaquisáuridos en Asia? Una Re-Evaluación de la Posición Filogenética de Dharatitanis Kingi del Cretácico Tardío de Uzbekistán". Publicación Electrónica de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina. 21 (1): 18–27. doi: 10.5710/PEAPA.24.03.2021.389 . ISSN   2469-0228. S2CID   236689007.
  3. 1 2 3 Sues, Hans-Dieter; Averianov, Alexander; Ridgely, Ryan C.; Witmer, Lawrence M. (2015-01-02). "Titanosauria (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian) Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 35 (1): e889145. doi:10.1080/02724634.2014.889145. ISSN   0272-4634. S2CID   14598142.
  4. Averianov, Alexander; Sues, Hans-Dieter (2017). "Review of Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs from Central Asia". Cretaceous Research. 69: 184–197. doi: 10.1016/j.cretres.2016.09.006 . ISSN   0195-6671.
  5. Poropat, Stephen F.; Frauenfelder, Timothy G.; Mannion, Philip D.; Rigby, Samantha L.; Pentland, Adele H.; Sloan, Trish; Elliott, David A. (2022-07-13). "Sauropod dinosaur teeth from the lower Upper Cretaceous Winton Formation of Queensland, Australia and the global record of early titanosauriforms". Royal Society Open Science. 9 (7). doi:10.1098/rsos.220381. ISSN   2054-5703. PMC   9277269 . PMID   35845848.
  6. Mannion, Philip D.; Upchurch, Paul; Jin, Xingsheng; Zheng, Wenjie (2019-08-28). "New information on the Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs of Zhejiang Province, China: impact on Laurasian titanosauriform phylogeny and biogeography". Royal Society Open Science. 6 (8): 191057. doi:10.1098/rsos.191057. ISSN   2054-5703. PMC   6731702 . PMID   31598266.