This is a list of official and notable unofficial terms used to designate the citizens of specific states, federal district, and territories of the United States of America.
| Jurisdiction | Recommended by US GPO [1] | Alternatives | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Official | Unofficial | Archaic | Non-English | ||
 Alabama | Alabamian | Alabaman [2] | |||
 Alaska | Alaskan | Russian : аляскинец, romanized: alyaskinets [3] | |||
 American Samoa | American Samoan | Samoan : Amerika Samoa | |||
 Arizona | Arizonan | Arizonian [4] | Spanish : Arizonense | ||
 Arkansas | Arkansan | Arkansasan, Arkansawyer, [5] Arkie [6] | |||
 California | Californian | Prune Picker, [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] | |||
 Colorado | Coloradan | Coloradoan [13] [14] | |||
 Connecticut | Connecticuter | Connecticotian, [15] Connecticutensian, [15] Connecticuteer, [15] | |||
 Delaware | Delawarean | Blue Hen's Chicken, [16] Muskrat [16] | |||
 District of Columbia | Washingtonian | ||||
 Florida | Floridian | Alligator, [17] Fly-Up-the-Creek [17] | Spanish : Floridano | ||
 Georgia | Georgian | Buzzard, Cracker, Goober-grabber [18] | |||
 Guam | Guamanian | Chamorro : Tåotåo Guåhån | |||
 Hawaii | Hawaii resident | Islander, [19] Kamaʻāina. The Associated Press Stylebook restricts use of "Hawaiian" to people of Native Hawaiian descent. [20] | Hawaiian : Kamaʻāina | ||
 Idaho | Idahoan | ||||
 Illinois | Illinoisan | Illinoisian, Illinoian, Flatlander, [21] Sucker, Sand-hiller, Egyptian [22] | |||
 Indiana | Hoosier | Indianan (former GPO demonym replaced by Hoosier in 2016), [1] Indianian (archaic) [23] | |||
 Iowa | Iowan | Hawkeye [24] | |||
 Kansas | Kansan | Grasshopper, Jayhawker, Sunflower [25] | |||
 Kentucky | Kentuckian | Corncracker, [26] Kentuckyan | |||
 Louisiana | Louisianian | Louisianan | French : Louisianais Spanish : Luisiano | ||
 Maine | Mainer | Down Easter or Downeaster, [27] Mainiac, [28] Yankee (rare) | |||
 Maryland | Marylander | ||||
 Massachusetts | Massachusettsan | Bay Stater (official term used by state government) and Citizen of the Commonwealth (identifier used in state law) [29] | Massachusettsian, [30] Massachusite, [31] [32] Masshole (derogatory [33] as an exonym; however, it can be affectionate when applied as an endonym [34] ) | ||
 Michigan | Michiganian | Michigander, [35] Wolverine, [36] [37] Michiganite, Yooper/Troll (for residents of the Upper Peninsula and Lower Peninsula, respectively), [38] Michigoose (used specifically for female residents, as a play on "Michigander") [38] | |||
 Minnesota | Minnesotan | Minne | |||
 Mississippi | Mississippian | ||||
 Missouri | Missourian | Missouran | French : Missourien Spanish : Misuriano | ||
 Montana | Montanan | ||||
 Nebraska | Nebraskan | Bugeaters (fake) or Cornhuskers [39] | |||
 Nevada | Nevadan | ||||
 New Hampshire | New Hampshirite | New Hampshireman or New Hampshirewoman, Granite Stater, Granite Boys [40] | |||
 New Jersey | New Jerseyan | New Jerseyite | |||
 New Mexico | New Mexican | Spanish : Neomexicano, Neomejicano [41] | |||
 New York | New Yorker | Knickerbocker [42] [43] | |||
 North Carolina | North Carolinian | Tar Heel, Tar Boiler [44] | |||
 North Dakota | North Dakotan | ||||
 Northern Mariana Islands | Mariana Islander | Chamorro : Tåotåo Mariånas | |||
 Ohio | Ohioan | Buckeye [45] | Ohian [46] | ||
 Oklahoma | Oklahoman | Okie, [47] Sooner [48] | |||
 Oregon | Oregonian | ||||
 Pennsylvania | Pennsylvanian | Penn, Quaker, Pennamite [49] | Pennsylvania Dutch: Pennsylvanier [50] | ||
 Puerto Rico | Puerto Rican | Boricua [51] | Puertorriqueña Puertorriqueño | ||
 Rhode Island | Rhode Islander | Swamp Yankee [52] | |||
 South Carolina | South Carolinian | Sandlapper [53] | |||
 South Dakota | South Dakotan | ||||
 Tennessee | Tennessean | Volunteer, Butternut [54] | Big Bender | ||
 Texas | Texan | Texian (Anglo-Texan - historical), [55] Tejano (Hispano-Texan), Texican (archaic) | |||
 Utah | Utahn | Utahian, Utahan | |||
 Vermont | Vermonter | Woodchuck [56] | |||
 Virgin Islands | Virgin Islander | ||||
 Virginia | Virginian | ||||
 Washington | Washingtonian | ||||
 West Virginia | West Virginian | Mountaineer | |||
 Wisconsin | Wisconsinite | Badger, [57] Cheesehead, [58] [59] Sconnie, [60] Wisconsonian, Wisconsese | |||
 Wyoming | Wyomingite | Wyomese, [61] Wyomingian | |||
A factoid is either an invented or assumed statement presented as a fact, or a true but brief or trivial item of news or information.
A retronym is a newer name for an existing thing that helps differentiate the original form from a more recent one. It is thus a word or phrase created to avoid confusion between older and newer types, whereas previously no clarification was required.
An eponym is a person, a place, or a thing after whom or which someone or something is, or is believed to be, named. The adjectives which are derived from the word eponym include eponymous and eponymic.
Webster's Dictionary is any of the English language dictionaries edited in the early 19th century by Noah Webster (1758–1843), an American lexicographer, as well as numerous related or unrelated dictionaries that have adopted the Webster's name in his honor. "Webster's" has since become a genericized trademark in the United States for English dictionaries, and is widely used in dictionary titles.
This is a list of American words not widely used in the United Kingdom. In Canada and Australia, some of the American terms listed are widespread; however, in some cases, another usage is preferred.
A demonym or gentilic is a word that identifies a group of people in relation to a particular place. Demonyms are usually derived from the name of the place. Demonyms are used to designate all people of a particular place, regardless of ethnic, linguistic, religious or other cultural differences that may exist within the population of that place. Examples of demonyms include Cochabambino, for someone from the city of Cochabamba; French for a person from France; and Swahili, for a person of the Swahili coast.
Democrat Party is an epithet and pejorative for the Democratic Party of the United States, often used in a disparaging fashion by the party's opponents. While use of the term started out as non-hostile, it has grown in its negative use since the 1940s, in particular by members of the Republican Party—in party platforms, partisan speeches, and press releases—as well as by conservative commentators and third party politicians.
In politics, a front-runner is a leader in an electoral race. While the front-runner in athletic events is generally clear, a political front-runner, particularly in the presidential primary process, is less so as a potential nominee may lead in the polls, have the most name recognition, the most funds raised, or a combination of these. The front-runner is most often declared by the media who are following the race and is written about in a different style than his or her challengers.
"Michigander" and "Michiganian" are unofficial demonyms for natives and residents of the U.S. state of Michigan. Less common alternatives include Michiganer, Michiganite, Michiganese, Michigine, and Michigoose (female).
Nonpartisanship, also known as nonpartisanism, is a lack of affiliation with, and a lack of bias towards, a political party.
The term predicate is used in two ways in linguistics and its subfields. The first defines a predicate as everything in a standard declarative sentence except the subject, and the other defines it as only the main content verb or associated predicative expression of a clause. Thus, by the first definition, the predicate of the sentence Frank likes cake is likes cake, while by the second definition, it is only the content verb likes, and Frank and cake are the arguments of this predicate. The conflict between these two definitions can lead to confusion.
Despite the various English dialects spoken from country to country and within different regions of the same country, there are only slight regional variations in English orthography, the two most notable variations being British and American spelling. Many of the differences between American and British/Commonwealth English date back to a time before spelling standards were developed. For instance, some spellings seen as "American" today were once commonly used in Britain, and some spellings seen as "British" were once commonly used in the United States.
Redneck is a derogatory term mainly, but not exclusively, applied to white Americans perceived to be crass and unsophisticated, closely associated with rural whites of the Southern United States.
In American slang, the term inside baseball refers to the minutiae and detailed inner workings of a system that are only interesting to, or appreciated by, experts, insiders, and aficionados. The phrase was originally used as a sports metaphor in political contexts, but has expanded to discussions of other topics as well. Language commentator William Safire wrote that the term refers to details about a subject that require such a specific knowledge about what is being discussed that the nuances are not understood or appreciated by outsiders.
The correct name for a person from Colorado is Coloradan (not Coloradoan).
People who live in or come from Kansas are called Kansans. Kansans are sometimes referred to as Jayhawkers. Kansans have also been referred to as Grasshoppers and Sunflowers, names derived from some of the state nicknames described above.
Now comes Mrs. Agness Hooks of Thomas with a postal card mailed at Newcastle, Ind. in 1907, address to a Miss Agness Kirkbridge, with the salutation: 'Hello Okie — Will see you next Monday night.' Signed: Myrtle M. Pence. Mrs. Hooks says Agness Kirkbridge was an aunt of hers. The Kirkbridge family came to Oklahoma Territory in 1904 and settled south of Custer City.
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