1877–1901
The area which covers the modern-day Pakistani province of Balochistan was first introduced to districts and divisions as administrative units under the British, and the area was first incorporated into British India in 1877. The first census of the Balochistan region was held in 1891, but it only covered the parts of Balochistan east of the 66th meridian east, was incomplete, and never had a report written about it. [2] The first full census that was completed and had a report written on it took place in 1901. By 1901, Balochistan was divided into both the Baluchistan Agency and the Chief Commissioner's Province of Baluchistan, which was also more commonly known as British Baluchistan.
In 1901, British Baluchistan consisted principally of the areas which were under the control of Afghans, but were ceded to the British with the Treaty of Gandamak in 1879, and were formally declared British India in 1887. It was divided into two districts: Thal-Chotiali District, which consisted of the Tehsils of Duki, Shahrig (Shahrug), and Sibi, and Quetta-Pishin District, which was subdivided into Pishin Tehsil, Chaman Subdivision, and Shorarud Sub-Division. [2] The administration given below:
British Balochistan Province
- Duki tehsil
- Shahrig (Shahrug) tehsil
- Sibi tehsil
- Pishin Tehsil
- Chaman Subdivision
- Shorarud Sub-Division
Balochistan Agency
- Khan of Kalat
- Kharan State
- Las bela State
- Makran State
- Bolan Agency
- Chagai Agency
- Quetta-Pishin Agency
- Thal-Chotiali Agency
- Zhob Agency
- Bugti Country
- Marri Country
The Baluchistan Agency was split into three divisions: The areas directly administered by the British, the Native States, and the Tribal Areas. [2]
The areas directly administered by the British consisted of the Bolan Agency, the Chagai Agency (which consisted of Chagai, Nushki, and Western Sinjrani), the Quetta-Pishin Agency (which consisted of Quetta Tehsil excluding Shorarud), the Thal-Chotiali Agency (made of the Barkhan Tehsil, the Kohlu Sub-Tehsil, and the Sanjawi (Sinjawi) Sub-Tehsil), and the Zhob Agency (which included Fort Sandeman, Hindobagh, Loralai, Musakhel, and Qilla Saifullah Tehsils). [2]
There were four autonomous princely states, making up the native states, in Balochistan: The state of Kharan (which was a vassal of Qalat), The state of Las Bela, The state of Makran, and the Khanate of Qalat (which was divided into Domki, Kaheri, and Umrani Country; Jhalawan Country; Kachhi Country; Nasirabad Niabat; and Sarawan Country). [2]
The two tribal areas were Bugti Country and Marri Country. The tribal areas consisted of Baloch tribes which, as per the census report of 1901, exhibited "nomadic tendency to the largest degree". [2]
This meant that the administrative setup of the Balochistan region under British control was as follows in 1901: [2]
Territories which do not exist anymore
- British Baluchistan
- Quetta-Pishin District
- Thal-Chotiali District
- Baluchistan Agency
- Quetta-Pishin Agency
- Thal-Chotiali Agency
- Bolan Agency
- Chagai Agency
- Zhob Agency
- Tribal Areas
- Bugti Country
- Marri Country
- Native Princely States
- State of Makrann
- Kharan (princely state)
- Las Bela (princely state)
- Khanate of Qalat
1901–1947
By the time of the 1911 census, all the directly administered territories of the Baluchistan Agency had been abolished and reformed into districts in the Chief Commissioner's Province (British Baluchistan). Thal-Chotiali District was also abolished. In their place came the six districts of Bolan (previously Bolan Agency), Chagai (previously Chagai Agency), Loralai (previously parts of Thal-Chotiali District and Thal-Chotiali Agency), Quetta-Pishin (previously Quetta-Pishin District and Quetta-Pishin Agency), Sibi (previously parts of Thal-Chotiali District and Thal-Chotiali Agency), and Zhob (previously Zhob Agency). The two Tribal Areas of Bugti Country and Marri Country were also abolished as a separate unit and were made a part of Sibi District called Marri-Bugti Country (which became known the unadministered area of Sibi District, as opposed to the administered areas which covered parts of Thal-Chotiali District and Thal-Chotiali Agency). [3]
No changes occurred to the administrative setup of the Native Princely States, which now made up the entire Baluchistan Agency until 1940, when the State of Kharan gained complete independence from the Khanate of Qalat. This did not, though, have any effect on the borders and administrative units of the borders themselves, as the State of Kharan already existed as an entity before. The only difference was now it was completely separate from Qalat. [4]
This left the following administrative setup, which would see no changes through the 1921, [5] 1931, [6] and 1941 censuses, [4] all the way until Pakistani independence: [3] [5] [6]
Territories which do not exist anymore
- British Baluchistan
- Unadmistration Areas of Sibi District
- Native Princely States
