List of prisons in the United Kingdom

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List of prisons in the United Kingdom is a list of all 141 current prisons as of 2024 in the United Kingdom spread across the three UK legal systems of England and Wales (122 prisons), Scotland, (15 prisons) and Northern Ireland (4 prisons). Also included are a number of historical prisons no longer in current use.

Contents

Prisons, Prison Services, Prison Population and Prisoner Categories

England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland

Public Sector prisons in England and Wales are managed by His Majesty's Prison Service (HMPS), which is part of the His Majesty's Prison and Probation Service, an executive agency of the United Kingdom government. [1] In addition, since the 1990s the day-to-day running of a number of previously existing prisons, as well as several new facilities, has been "contracted out" to private companies, such as Serco and G4S. [2] All prisons in England and Wales, whether publicly or privately run, are inspected by His Majesty's Inspectorate of Prisons. [2] [3] Prisons in Scotland are run by the Scottish Prison Service and prisons in Northern Ireland are run by the Northern Ireland Prison Service.

There are also "Immigration Removal Centres" run by the Home Office.

The following tables below list all current and some historical prisons and Young Offender Institutions in use in the three UK legal systems of England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland as of 2022. The majority house adult males, and are operated by each legal systems respective public prison service, although a small number are operated by private prison companies. There are also a small number of adult female prisons and youth prisons/secure children's units for those under 18.

Population

As of 2021, the total prison population of the UK (England & Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland combined) stands at roughly 87,000, one of the largest in the Western world. With the increasing population, law changes resulting in longer prison sentences and a national government prison building program to build 20,000 more prison spaces by the mid 2020s the total UK prison population is expected to increase to almost 110,000 by 2026. [4] [5]

United Kingdom Prisoner Categories and Establishment Types

In the UK adult prisoners are divided into 4 security categories (though male and female categories are slightly different) depending on certain factors such as the offences they have been convicted or accused of, their likelihood of attempting an escape, the threat they would pose if they escaped, their length of sentence, and any of their previous criminal convictions, if any. Male categories are as follows,

Category A – 'Those whose escape would be highly dangerous to the public or national security'. Typically for example those convicted of offences such as murder, manslaughter, terrorism, rape, wounding with intent (GBH), robbery, serious firearm and explosives offences, offences against the state, those sentenced under the Official Secrets Act, or any attempts of those offences. There are a total of ten Category A prisons in the UK, eight are located in England and Wales, one in Scotland and one in Northern Ireland. HM Prison Belmarsh is an example of a Category A prison. They are the equivalent of a supermax/maximum security prison in the United States for example.

Category B – 'Those who do not require maximum security, but for whom escape still needs to be made very difficult'. Typically for those convicted of the same types offences as category A prisoners, but who are not judged to be as high risk or those who have served a long time as a category A prisoner with good behaviour/rehabilitation are sometimes downgraded to category B. HM Prison Wormwood Scrubs is an example of a Category B prison. They are the equivalent of a medium security prison in the United States for example.

Category C – 'Those who cannot be trusted in open conditions but who are unlikely to try to escape'. Typically for those convicted of minor offences and who are serving shorter sentences no more than a few years in length. Also category B prisoners coming to the end of their sentence are sometimes downgraded to category C to prepare them for release. HM Prison Berwyn is an example of a Category C prison. They are the equivalent of a minimum security prison in the United States for example.

Category D – 'Those who can be reasonably trusted not to try to escape, and are given the privilege of an open prison'. Category D prisoners are held in "Open Prisons" in which they are trusted to be able to move freely around the prison without risk and who after completing a risk assessment may be allowed to work outside of the prison in the community or allowed short home visits for a set number of hours a week. Also category C prisoners coming to the end of their sentence are sometimes downgraded to category D to prepare them for release. HM Prison Ford is an example of a Category D prison. They are the equivalent of a minimum security work release prison or local jail in the United States for example.

Adult women in England and Wales are categorised with four slightly different types of security levels, from lowest to highest being Open, Closed, Restricted Status and Category A '. However Category A for women is rarely used due to the fairly low number of women being held for such serious offences, meaning most are held either in Closed or Restricted Status conditions. Northern Ireland operates a similar system to England and Wales. Scotland operates a separate three category system, from lowest to highest being Low, Medium and High Supervision (High Supervision being similar to Category A for adults in England, Wales and Northern Ireland).

Additionally whereas males and females aged 18 or over are held in dedicated adult prisons, those under 18 (and sometimes under 21) are held in one of three types of establishments across the country that are run by either the public prison service, private companies (such as G4S or Serco), local council authorities and in rare cases some charity providers. They are,

Young Offender Institutions (YOIs) which are prison based establishments very similar to adult prisons that hold those convicted and remanded for offences but that only hold males aged 15-20 (ages 15-17 and ages 18-20 are housed separately) and who are not classed as vulnerable.

Secure Training Centres (STCs) which are secure custody establishments but that focus more on things such as education, welfare, health and support rather than traditional prison style punishment. They hold convicted males aged 12-14 and females aged 12–17 in separate accommodation. Though males aged 15-17 can be held also if they are classed as vulnerable.

Secure Children's Homes (SCHs) which are similar to STC's in that they mainly focus on things like education, welfare, health and support rather than traditional prison style punishment. They hold very young males and females aged 10–11 convicted or remanded usually for only serious offences. Though males and females aged 12-14 can be held also if they are classed as vulnerable. Additionally males and females all the way up to the age of 17 can be held if they are refused bail and remanded (but not yet convicted) to be held by local children's authorities (and not the prison service) usually if they are more vulnerable, at risk or a YOI is not suitable. It should also be noted that not all children held in SCHs have necessarily been convicted, remanded or accused of crimes, some are held by court orders on safety grounds under legislation such as the Children Act 1989 due to things like their history of absconding from regular open children's care homes, risk of committing harm to themselves or others, or those at high risk of vulnerability from things such as forms of abuse, illicit drugs use and child prostitution.

More can be found here: Prisoner security categories in the United Kingdom.

Prisons and Young Offender Institutions

England and Wales (HM Prison Service)

NameLocationCountyOperatorCapacityNotesCategory
Altcourse Liverpool Merseyside G4S [2] 1324 [6] Male adults and young offenders [6] B
Ashfield Pucklechurch Gloucestershire Serco [2] 400 [7] Adult sex offendersC
Askham Grange Askham Richard North Yorkshire 128 [8] Female adults and young offenders [8]
Aylesbury Aylesbury Buckinghamshire 443 [9] Young offenders [9] HMYOI
Bedford Bedford Bedfordshire 506 [10] Males adults and young offenders [11] B
Belmarsh Thamesmead London 910 [12] Belmarsh accepts a wide variety of categories of prisoners [13] A
Berwyn Wrexham Wrexham County Borough 2106 [14] Male adult. Largest prison in the UK.C
Birmingham Birmingham West Midlands 1450 [15] [16] Previously known as Winson GreenB, C
Brinsford Featherstone Staffordshire 569 [17] Young offenders [17] HMYOI
Bristol Horfield Bristol 614 [18] Male adults and young offenders [18] B
Brixton Brixton London 798 [19] Training establishmentC (Training)
Bronzefield Ashford Surrey Sodexo Justice Services [2] 569 [20] Female adults and young offenders [20]
Buckley Hall Rochdale Greater Manchester 381 [21] Male adults [22] C
Bullingdon Arncott Oxfordshire 1114 [23] Male adults [24] B, C
Bure Coltishall Norfolk 624Male adults, sex offenders [25] C
Cardiff Adamsdown Cardiff 784 [26] Male adults [27] B
Channings Wood Denbury Devon 731 [28] Specialises in delivering the Sex Offender Treatment Programme (SOTP). [29] C
Chelmsford Chelmsford Essex 695 [30] Male adults and young offenders [30] B and HMYOI
Coldingley Bisley Surrey 513 [31] Training prison [32] C
Cookham Wood Borstal Kent 157 [33] Young offenders [33] HMYOI
Dartmoor Princetown Devon 646 [34] Training prison [35] C
Deerbolt Startforth County Durham 453 [36] Young offenders [36] HMYOI
Doncaster Doncaster South Yorkshire Serco [2] 1145 [37] Male adults, young offenders and sex offenders [38] B
Dovegate Uttoxeter Staffordshire Serco [2] 860 [39] Male adults training prison [40] B
Downview Banstead Surrey 358 [41] Female adults and young offenders. [41] Closed in 2013 and reopened in 2016 after refurbishment [42]
Drake Hall Yarnfield Staffordshire 315 [43] Female adults and young offenders. Specializes in foreign nationals [43]
Durham Durham County Durham 981 [44] Male adults and young offenders on remand [45] B
East Sutton Park Sutton Valence Kent 100 [46] Female adults and young offenders [46]
Eastwood Park Falfield Gloucestershire 362 [47] Female adults [47]
Erlestoke Erlestoke Wiltshire 470 [48] Male adults [49] C
Exeter Exeter Devon 533 [50] Male adults and young offenders [50] B
Featherstone Featherstone Staffordshire 702 [51] Training establishment [52] C
Feltham Feltham London 762 [53] Young offenders [53] HMYOI
Ford Arundel West Sussex 557 [54] Male adults.D
Forest Bank Pendlebury Greater Manchester Sodexo Justice Services [2] 1424 [55] Male adults and young offenders [55] B
Fosse Way Glen Parva Leicestershire Serco 1715 [56] C
Foston Hall Foston, Derbyshire Derbyshire 290 [57] Female adults and young offenders [57]
Five Wells Wellingborough Northamptonshire G4S 1680 [58] Male adultsC
Frankland Brasside County Durham 750 [59] Male adults including Category A High Risk and Category B adult males [60] A
Full Sutton Full Sutton East Riding of Yorkshire 608 [61] Male adults [62] A
Garth Ulnes Walton Lancashire 847 [63] Training establishment [64] B
Gartree Market Harborough Leicestershire 869 [65] B
Grendon Grendon Underwood Buckinghamshire 235 [66] B
Guys Marsh Shaftesbury Dorset 578 [67] C
Hatfield Hatfield Woodhouse South Yorkshire 260 [68] Male adults and young offenders [68] D
Haverigg Haverigg Cumbria 644 [69] Male adults [70] C
Hewell Tardebigge Worcestershire 1431 [71] B, C, D
High Down Banstead Surrey 1208 [72] Male adults [73] B
Highpoint North Stradishall Suffolk 379 [74] Male adults. Previously known as Edmunds Hill.C
Highpoint South Stradishall Suffolk 944 [75] Male adults [76] C
Hindley Bickershaw Greater Manchester 440 [77] Adult Males [77] C
Hollesley Bay Woodbridge Suffolk 330 [78] Male adults and young offenders [78] D
Holme House Stockton-on-Tees County Durham 1211 [79] Male adults [80] C
Hull Kingston upon Hull East Riding of Yorkshire 1044 [81] Male adults and young offenders [82] B
Humber Brough East Riding of Yorkshire 1064 [83] Male adults, Resettlement [84] C
Huntercombe Nuffield Oxfordshire 365 [85] Young offenders [85] HMYOI
Isis Thamesmead London 622 [86] Young offenders [86] HMYOI
Isle of Wight (Albany) Newport Isle of Wight 567 [87] B
Isle of Wight (Parkhurst) Newport Isle of Wight 536 [87] B
Kirkham Kirkham Lancashire 590 [88] D
Kirklevington Grange Kirklevington North Yorkshire 283 [89] C, D
Lancaster Farms Lancaster Lancashire 549 [90] C
Leeds Leeds West Yorkshire 1004 [91] Formerly known as Armley Gaol.B
Leicester Leicester Leicestershire 392 [92] B
Lewes Lewes East Sussex 723 [93] Male adults and young offenders [93] C,HMYOI
Leyhill Tortworth Gloucestershire 532 [94] D
Lincoln Lincoln Lincolnshire 738 [95] B
Lindholme Hatfield Woodhouse South Yorkshire 990 [96] Part of site used as Immigration Removal Centre [96] C, D
Littlehey Perry Cambridgeshire 1200Extension holding 480 male young offenders to open January 2010 [97] C,HMYOI
Liverpool Liverpool Merseyside 1184 [98] B, C
Long Lartin South Littleton Worcestershire 622 [99] A
Low Newton Brasside County Durham 336 [100] Female adults and young offenders [100]
Lowdham Grange Lowdham Nottinghamshire Serco [2] 690 [101] B
Maidstone Maidstone Kent 600 [102] C
Manchester Manchester Greater Manchester 1269 [103] Previously known as Strangeways [103] A
Moorland Hatfield Woodhouse South Yorkshire 1006 [104] Male adults and young offenders [104] C
Morton Hall Morton Hall Lincolnshire 392Adult Male Foreign NationalsC
New Hall Flockton West Yorkshire 446Female adults and young offenders [105]
Northumberland Acklington Northumberland Sodexo Justice Services [2] 1348Created by merging HMP Acklington and HMP CastingtonC
North Sea Camp Freiston Lincolnshire 306 [106] D
Norwich Norwich Norfolk 767 [107] Male adults and young offenders [107] B, C
Nottingham Nottingham Nottinghamshire 549 [108] B
Oakwood Featherstone Staffordshire G4S [2] 1605 [109] C
Onley Rugby Warwickshire 742 [83] Male adults, training and resettlement [110] C
Parc Bridgend Mid Glamorgan G4S [2] 1800 [111] Male adults and young offenders. [111] Opened in 1997.B
Pentonville Barnsbury London 1250 [112] B, C
Peterborough Peterborough Cambridgeshire Sodexo Justice Services [2] 840 [113] Male adults (480) and female adults (360) [113] B
Portland Easton Dorset 624 [114] Young offenders [114] HMYOI
Prescoed Usk Monmouthshire 178 [115] Young offenders; Satellite of Usk [115] D
Preston Preston Lancashire 750 [116] B
Ranby Ranby Nottinghamshire 1098 [117] C
Risley Warrington Cheshire 1085 [118] C
Rochester Rochester Kent 620 [119] Young offenders [119] HMYOI
Rye Hill Barby Northamptonshire G4S [2] 664 [120] B
Send Send Surrey 282 [121] Female adults [121]
Sheppey Cluster (Elmley) Eastchurch Kent 985 [122] Male adults and young offenders [122] B, C
Sheppey Cluster (Standford Hill) Eastchurch Kent 462 [123] D
Sheppey Cluster (Swaleside) Eastchurch Kent 1132 [124] B
Stafford Stafford Staffordshire 741 [125] C
Stocken Stretton Rutland 806 [126] C
Stoke Heath Stoke Heath Shropshire 632 [127] Young offenders [127] C
Styal Styal Cheshire 459 [128] Female adults and young offenders [128]
Sudbury Sudbury Derbyshire 581 [129] D
Swansea Sandfields Swansea 422 [130] B, C
Swinfen Hall Swinfen Staffordshire 624 [131] Male adults and young offenders [131] C
Thameside Thamesmead London Serco [2] 1200 [132] B
The Mount Bovingdon Hertfordshire 1100 [133] Adult Category C [133] C
The Verne Portland Dorset 600 [134] Male adults, sex offenders [134] C
Thorn Cross Appleton Thorn Cheshire 321 [135] Young offenders [135] D
Usk Usk Monmouthshire 250 [136] C
Wakefield Wakefield West Yorkshire 751 [137] Also known as 'Monster Mansion'A
Wandsworth Wandsworth London 1665 [138] B, C
Warren Hill Woodbridge Suffolk 222 [139] Young offenders [139] HMYOI
Wayland Griston Norfolk 1017 [140] C
Wealstun Thorp Arch West Yorkshire 527 [141] C
Werrington Werrington Staffordshire 162 [142] Young offenders [142] HMYOI
Wetherby Wetherby West Yorkshire 360 [143] Young offenders [143] HMYOI
Whatton Whatton-in-the-Vale Nottinghamshire 841 [144] C
Whitemoor March Cambridgeshire 448 [145] A
Winchester Winchester Hampshire 544 [146] Male adults [147] B
Woodhill Milton Keynes Buckinghamshire 819 [148] B
Wormwood Scrubs Wormwood Scrubs London 1277 [149] Male adults [147] B
Wymott Ulnes Walton Lancashire 1144 [150] C

HMP The Verne is now acting as a public sector category C prison.

Former prisons

NameLocationCountyNotes
Abingdon Abingdon Oxfordshire Built 1812 as the county gaol for Berkshire, closed 1874, redeveloped in the 1960s. [151]
Aldington Aldington Kent Closed 1999
Ashwell Ashwell Rutland Closed March 2011, awaiting re-development
Beaumaris Beaumaris Anglesey Historic, now a museum
Belle Vue Manchester Greater Manchester Historic
Blantyre House Goudhurst Kent Closed 2015
Blundeston Blundeston Suffolk 1960-2013
Bocardo Oxford Oxfordshire Historic
Bodmin Bodmin Cornwall Historic
Bullwood Hall Hockley Essex Closed 2013
Camp Hill Prison Newport Isle of Wight Closed 2013
Canterbury Prison Canterbury Kent Closed 2013
The Clink Southwark London Historic
Coldbath Fields Clerkenwell London Closed 1885
Dorchester Dorchester Dorset Closed 2013
Dalton Castle Dalton-In-Furness Cumbria
Eden Camp Malton North Yorkshire World War II prisoner of war camp
Finnamore Wood Marlow Buckinghamshire Closed 1996, awaiting redevelopment
Fisherton Gaol Salisbury Wiltshire Closed 1870 [152]
Fleet Holborn London Historic
Galleries of Justice Nottingham Nottinghamshire Historic
Gatehouse Westminster London Historic
Glen Parva Leicester Young offenders, closed June 2017 [153]
Gloucester Gloucester Gloucestershire Closed 2013 Open as tourist attraction
Hexham Hexham Northumberland Historic
Holloway Islington London Closed 2016.
Kennet Maghull Merseyside Closed 2016.
King's Bench Southwark London Historic
Kingston Portsmouth Hampshire Closed 2013
Lancaster Castle Lancaster Lancashire Historic, still used as a Crown Court centre
Latchmere House Richmond upon Thames London Closed September 2011, awaiting re-development
Launceston Castle Launceston Cornwall Historic
Lincoln Castle Lincoln Lincolnshire Historic – prison block built 1787, housed prisoners until 1878, now open to the public as a historical visitor attraction
Marshalsea Southwark London Historic
Millbank Westminster London Historic
Newgate City of London London Historic
Norman Cross Peterborough Cambridgeshire Historic
Northallerton Northallerton North Yorkshire Closed 2014
Poultry Compter City of London London Historic
Prince Rupert's Tower Liverpool Merseyside Historic
Reading Reading Berkshire A prison dating from 1844 housing up to 320 men. Closed in 2013. [154]
Ruthin Gaol Ruthin Denbighshire Historic, Now owned by county council and used as records office, some areas open as tourist attraction [155]
Oxford Oxford Oxfordshire Closed 1996, redeveloped as a shopping and heritage complex
Shepton Mallet Shepton Mallet Somerset Closed 2013 Open as tourist attraction
Shrewsbury Shrewsbury Shropshire Closed 2013 Open as tourist attraction
Tothill Fields Bridewell Westminster London Historic
Tower of London Whitechapel London Historic
Wallingford Wallingford Oxfordshire Historic
Weare Portland Dorset Prison Ship – closed 2005
Wellingborough Wellingborough Northamptonshire Closed 2012
Wood Street Counter Wood Street London Historic

Northern Ireland (Northern Ireland Prison Service)

The following table lists the three active prisons in Northern Ireland. All three are operated by the Northern Ireland Prison Service. There is also a Juvenile Justice Centre, located in Bangor, County Down, which is operated by the Youth Justice Agency.

NameLocationCountyCapacityGenderJuvenile (10–18)Young Offender (18–21)Adult Adult Security Category
HMP Maghaberry Lisburn County Antrim 745 [156] MaleRed x.svgRed x.svgGreen check.svgHigh [156]
HMP Magilligan Limavady County Londonderry 452 [157] MaleRed x.svgRed x.svgGreen check.svgLow [157]
HMP Hydebank Wood Belfast County Down 306 [158] Male/FemaleRed x.svgGreen check.svgGreen check.svgMedium [159]
Woodlands JJC Bangor County Down 48 [160] Male/FemaleGreen check.svgRed x.svgRed x.svg

Former prisons

NameLocationCountyNotes
Maze Mazetown County Down Began as Long Kesh Detention Centre in 1971, before expanding to become HM Prison Maze in 1976. Well-known during The Troubles, it housed paramilitary prisoners from its establishment until its closure in 2000.
Belfast Belfast County Antrim Also known as the Crumlin Road Gaol. Opened in 1846 and closed in 1996.
Armagh Armagh County Armagh Also known as Armagh Gaol. Dates back to 1780 and closed in 1986. Held predominantly female prisoners.

Scotland (Scottish Prison Service)

NameLocationCouncil areaNotes
Addiewell Addiewell West Lothian private – Sodexo Justice Services
Barlinnie Riddrie Glasgow
Castle Huntly Longforgan Perth and Kinross
Stirling Stirling Stirling Opened in 2023
Dumfries Dumfries Dumfries and Galloway
Edinburgh Edinburgh Edinburgh
Glenochil Tullibody Clackmannanshire
Grampian Peterhead Aberdeenshire
Greenock Greenock Inverclyde
Inverness Inverness Highland
Kilmarnock Hurlford, Kilmarnock East Ayrshire private – Serco
Low Moss Bishopbriggs East Dunbartonshire
Perth Perth Perth and Kinross
Polmont Falkirk Falkirk Young Offenders Institute
Shotts Shotts North Lanarkshire

Former prisons

NameLocationCouncil areaNotes
Aberdeen Aberdeen Aberdeen Closed 2014
Bass Rock Firth of Forth East Lothian
Calton Gaol Edinburgh Edinburgh Gaol closed in 1927
Cornton Vale Stirling Stirling Closed in April 2023
Duke Street Glasgow Glasgow Closed 1955, demolished 1958
Inveraray Jail Inveraray Argyll and Bute Historic
Jedburgh Castle Jedburgh Scottish Borders Historic
Noranside Forfar Angus Closed 2011
Peterhead Peterhead Aberdeenshire Closed 2013
Stonehaven Tolbooth Stonehaven Aberdeenshire Historic
The Tolbooth Aberdeen Aberdeen Historic
Old Tolbooth Edinburgh Edinburgh Historic
HM Prison Penninghame Newton Stewart Dumfrieshire Closed 2000
HM Prison Dungavel Strathaven South Lanarkshire Closed 2001
HM Prison Longriggend Longriggend North Lanarkshire Closed 2000
HM Prison Friarton Perth Perthshire Closed 2010
HM Prison Zeist Utrecht Netherlands Closed

Future prisons

NameLocationCouncil areaNotes
HM Prison Millsike Full Sutton East Riding of Yorkshire Planned to open 2025. Capacity 1,440. Adjacent to HMP Full Sutton. [161]

See also

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Prostitution in Northern Ireland is governed by the Human Trafficking and Exploitation Act 2015, which makes it illegal to pay for sex in Northern Ireland. Prior to the act coming into effect, prostitution in Northern Ireland was regulated by the same or similar laws to those in England and Wales, as it is elsewhere in the United Kingdom. At that time, prostitution in Northern Ireland was legal subject to a number of restraints which controlled certain activities associated with prostitution, such as soliciting, procuring, living on the proceeds of prostitution (pimping), exploitation of prostitutes, under-age prostitution, and keeping a brothel. However, devolution provided the opportunity for separate legislation in Northern Ireland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prisons in Wales</span> Overview of prisons operating in Wales

The prisons in Wales are run by His Majesty's Prison Service, which is in turn a part of HM Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS) which is an executive agency of the Ministry of Justice responsible for the correctional services in England and Wales. The objectives of prison confinement in Wales is threefold: to "hold prisoners securely", to "reduce the risk of prisoners re-offending" and to "provide safe and well-ordered establishments in which we treat prisoners humanely, decently and lawfully".

References

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  3. ↑ "About HMI Prisons". HM Inspectorate of Prisons. Retrieved 24 August 2016.
  4. ↑ "UK Prison Population Statistics". Gov.uk. Retrieved 21 August 2022.
  5. ↑ "Thousands of new prison places to rehabilitate offenders and cut crime". Gov.uk. Retrieved 22 August 2022.
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  86. 1 2 "Isis". Ministry of Justice. Retrieved 17 August 2012.
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  152. ↑ Wiltshire Community History website
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  155. ↑ "Ruthin Gaol" . Retrieved 17 March 2010.
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