The military ranks of Brazil are the military insignia used by the Brazilian Armed Forces. The insignia and ranks of the Brazilian military are defined by Act no. 6880 of December 9, 1980.[1]
Air Force ranks date from 1941, when the Brazilian Air Force was organized as a merger of the Navy's Aeronaval Force and the Army's Aviation Service.[2]
The shoulder epaulette pads from Navy and Air Force indicate both rank and specialty branch. The air force examples below are shown without branch designation marks on the epaulettes, with the exception of the ranks of Marshal of the Air Force and Air Chief Marshal, which can only be occupied by aviators. Army shoulder pads do not represent branch, as this is indicated elsewhere in the uniform like on the cuff and sleeves of the dress and everyday uniforms.[3]
The Military Police alongside the Military Firefighters Corps are classed as an auxiliary and reserve forces of the Army[4] and thus carry insignia similar to that service. Another important point to mention is that police forces are subordinate to the governors of their respective states. As a result, the structure of their insignias follows that of the Brazilian Army. However, each state has its own legislation, regulations regarding insignias, uniforms, historical uniforms, and teaching academies for both NCOs and COs.[3]
The highest commander of the police force is the governor.[4] Since it serves as an auxiliary force to the army,[4] the highest rank attainable is that of colonel.[9] However, there are special ranks designated for military commanders within the police. These positions are appointed by each governor and are exclusively assigned to senior officers, most of whom are colonels.[10]
The design of insignias may vary from state to state, and in some states, certain positions may or may not include a distinction in rank design.[11]
Each branch of the Brazilian Armed Forces has its own institutions for training commissioned officers (COs) and non-commissioned officers (NCOs). The academies responsible for officer training in each branch are:
The Brazilian system includes a preparatory stage before entering the military academy. Known as preparatory schools, students who graduate from these institutions are guaranteed access to their respective academies, as follows:
Future NCOs are not classified as Cadets but rather as Students (Aluno in PT). Additionally, the term "Student" is followed by the rank for which they are being trained. For example, for corporals: Student-Corporal; and for sergeants: Student-Sergeant.[citation needed]
The academies responsible for NCO training in each branch are:
Army: ESA (The course lasts for two years, and graduates are commissioned as Third Sergeants
Navy: EAM and CIAA (It lasts 2 months to be a Sergeant, but you must have completed the Apprentice (11 months) and Corporal (4 Months) courses beforehand to be eligible).
Air Force: EEAR(The course lasts for two years, and graduates are commissioned as Third Sergeants).
For police forces, each state has its own academies. In São Paulo State, the Escola Superior de Sargentos (ESSgt) can be translated as Sergeants' Advanced School or Higher School for Sergeants.[20]
It is worth mentioning that there are other courses for training sergeants and corporals, as well as advanced training courses. One of these courses is the CFST (Temporary Sergeant Training Course), which allows the NCO to remain in an active military career for a maximum of 8 years.[21]
Students who graduate from sergeant courses can attain the positions of Sub-Lieutenant (in the army or police) or Sub-Officer (in Navy, Air Force and Marines).[22] However, depending on the NCO's performance and additional courses completed, they may rise to the rank of Captain.[20]
Generalissimo Fonseca in 1891.First Insignia for "Generalíssimo de Terra e Mar das Forças Armadas do Brasil"Second Insignia for "Generalíssimo de Terra e Mar das Forças Armadas do Brasil"
On January 15, 1890, Deodoro da Fonseca was acclaimed by the troops as "Generalíssimo Comandante das Forças de Terra e Mar" (Generalissimo Commandant of the Forces of Land and Sea), thus becoming the only "six-star general officer" in Brazil.[28]
↑ Instituto Histórico e Cultural da Aeronáutica. História geral da aeronáutica brasileira[General history of Brazilian aeronautics] (in Brazilian Portuguese). Vol.3.
1 2 BRASIL. Lei nº 14.751, de 12 de dezembro de 2023. Art. 18. Diário Oficial da União: seção 1, Brasília, DF, 13 dez. 2023.
1 2 3 BRASIL. Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988. Art. 144, § 6º. Emenda Constitucional nº 104, de 4 de dezembro de 2019. Disponível em: https://www.jusbrasil.com.br/topicos/10673132/artigo-144-da-constituicao-federal-de-1988.
1 2 3 "Insígnias". Polícia Militar do Estado de São Paulo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 6 February 2021.
↑ BRASIL. Lei nº 14.751, de 12 de dezembro de 2023. Art. 12, Inciso I. Lei Orgânica Nacional das Polícias Militares e dos Corpos de Bombeiros Militares dos Estados, do Distrito Federal e dos Territórios. Disponível em: https://normas.leg.br/?urn=urn:lex:br:federal:lei:2023-12-12;14751
↑ BRASIL. Lei nº 14.751, de 12 de dezembro de 2023. Art. 29. Lei Orgânica Nacional das Polícias Militares e dos Corpos de Bombeiros Militares dos Estados, do Distrito Federal e dos Territórios. Disponível em: https://normas.leg.br/?urn=urn:lex:br:federal:lei:2023-12-12;14751
↑ BRASIL. Lei nº 14.751, de 12 de dezembro de 2023. Art. 15, inciso I. Lei Orgânica Nacional das Polícias Militares e dos Corpos de Bombeiros Militares dos Estados, do Distrito Federal e dos Territórios. Disponível em: https://normas.leg.br/?urn=urn:lex:br:federal:lei:2023-12-12;14751
1 2 BRASIL. Lei nº 14.751, de 12 de dezembro de 2023. Art. 16. Diário Oficial da União: seção 1, Brasília, DF, 13 dez. 2023.
↑ MINISTÉRIO DA DEFESA. 8º Batalhão de Polícia do Exército. Curso de Formação de Sargento Temporário, § 5º. Disponível em: https://8bpe.eb.mil.br/index.php/pt/curso-de-formacao-de-sargento-temporario.
↑ BRASIL. Lei nº 14.751, de 12 de dezembro de 2023. Art. 15, inciso V. Lei Orgânica Nacional das Polícias Militares e dos Corpos de Bombeiros Militares dos Estados, do Distrito Federal e dos Territórios. Disponível em: https://normas.leg.br/?urn=urn:lex:br:federal:lei:2023-12-12;14751
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