History
Winnebago County was formed on January 16, 1836, out of Jo Daviess and LaSalle counties. It was named for the Winnebago Tribe of American Indians. At the time the county was founded its inhabitants consisted almost entirely of New Englanders and New England transplants from upstate New York. [2] These were "Yankee" settlers, meaning they were descended from the English Puritans who settled New England during the early 1600s. They made up virtually all of Winnebago County's inhabitants during the first several decades of its history. In this regard the county was similar to most of the northern portion of the state of Illinois, and almost all of the neighboring state of Wisconsin. After the conclusion of the Black Hawk War there was an additional surge of immigration from New England. As a result of this heritage the inhabitants of Winnebago County considered themselves, and functioned as, a cultural expansion of early New England culture. [3] In the presidential election of 1860, Abraham Lincoln won 3,985 votes in Winnebago County, whereas Stephen A. Douglas only won 817 votes. [4]
Winnebago County for its first year of existence
Winnebago County in 1837, reduced to its current borders by the creation of Stephenson and Boone Counties
Demographics
Historical population| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|
| 1840 | 4,609 | | — |
|---|
| 1850 | 11,773 | | 155.4% |
|---|
| 1860 | 24,491 | | 108.0% |
|---|
| 1870 | 29,301 | | 19.6% |
|---|
| 1880 | 30,505 | | 4.1% |
|---|
| 1890 | 39,938 | | 30.9% |
|---|
| 1900 | 47,845 | | 19.8% |
|---|
| 1910 | 63,153 | | 32.0% |
|---|
| 1920 | 90,929 | | 44.0% |
|---|
| 1930 | 117,373 | | 29.1% |
|---|
| 1940 | 121,178 | | 3.2% |
|---|
| 1950 | 152,385 | | 25.8% |
|---|
| 1960 | 209,765 | | 37.7% |
|---|
| 1970 | 246,623 | | 17.6% |
|---|
| 1980 | 250,884 | | 1.7% |
|---|
| 1990 | 252,913 | | 0.8% |
|---|
| 2000 | 278,418 | | 10.1% |
|---|
| 2010 | 295,266 | | 6.1% |
|---|
| 2020 | 285,350 | | −3.4% |
|---|
| 2023 (est.) | 280,922 | [7] | −1.6% |
|---|
|
Winnebago County, Illinois – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.| Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) | Pop 2000 [13] | Pop 2010 [14] | Pop 2020 [15] | % 2000 | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|
| White alone (NH) | 220,817 | 214,196 | 183,235 | 79.31% | 72.54% | 64.21% |
| Black or African American alone (NH) | 29,038 | 35,358 | 38,240 | 10.43% | 11.97% | 13.40% |
| Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) | 584 | 563 | 559 | 0.21% | 0.19% | 0.20% |
| Asian alone (NH) | 4,719 | 6,722 | 7,938 | 1.69% | 2.28% | 2.78% |
| Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 76 | 61 | 66 | 0.03% | 0.02% | 0.02% |
| Other race alone (NH) | 216 | 319 | 1,099 | 0.08% | 0.11% | 0.39% |
| Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) | 3,762 | 5,870 | 13,261 | 1.35% | 1.99% | 4.65% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 19,206 | 32,177 | 40,952 | 6.90% | 10.90% | 14.35% |
| Total | 278,418 | 295,266 | 285,350 | 100.00% | 100.00% | 100.00% |
As of the 2010 census, there were 295,266 people, 115,501 households, and 76,854 families residing in the county. [16] The population density was 575.2 inhabitants per square mile (222.1/km2). There were 125,965 housing units at an average density of 245.4 per square mile (94.7/km2). [5] The racial makeup of the county was 77.4% white, 12.2% black or African American, 2.3% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 4.9% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 10.9% of the population. [16] In terms of ancestry, 25.6% were German, 13.5% were Irish, 9.4% were American, 8.7% were Swedish, 8.3% were English, and 7.4% were Italian. [17]
Of the 115,501 households, 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.3% were married couples living together, 14.0% had a female householder with no husband present, 33.5% were non-families, and 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.07. The median age was 38.3 years. [16]
The median income for a household in the county was $47,198 and the median income for a family was $59,814. Males had a median income of $48,358 versus $32,103 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,008. About 11.5% of families and 15.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.0% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over. [18]
Politics
For many years, Winnebago County was rather conservative for an urban county. From the 1850s to 1988, it backed the Republican candidates for president at every election except the national Democratic landslides of 1936 and 1964. In the 1990s, it became a swing county, backing the national winner in every presidential election from 1992 to 2012, though only three did so with a majority and only once by more than six percentage points. In 2016, Hillary Clinton won the county by only 89 votes over Donald Trump, affected by the relatively large third-party vote that year.
Underlining how Republican Winnebago County once was, only three Democrats have represented a significant portion of the county in Congress since the 1850s.
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Illinois 
