Belle Glade, Florida

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Belle Glade, Florida
City
City of Belle Glade
Belle Glade, Florida (2010).jpg
Main Street in Belle Glade
Seal of Belle Glade.png
Seal
Nickname: 
Muck City [1] [2]
Motto: 
Her Soil is Her Fortune
Map of Florida highlighting Belle Glade.svg
Location of Belle Glade, Florida
Coordinates: 26°41′7″N80°40′17″W / 26.68528°N 80.67139°W / 26.68528; -80.67139
Country Flag of the United States.svg  United States
State Flag of Florida.svg  Florida
County Flag of Palm Beach County, Florida.png Palm Beach
Settled (Hillsboro Settlement) c. 1912–April 8, 1928 [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
Incorporated (Town of Belle Glade) April 9, 1928 [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
Incorporated (City of Belle Glade) September 11, 1945 [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
Government
 • Type Commissioner-Manager
 •  Mayor Steve B. Wilson
 •  Vice Mayor Joaquin Almazan
 •  Commissioners Mary Ross Wilkerson,
Andrew L. Berry, and
City Treasurer Zayteck D. Marin
 •  City Manager Diana Hughes
 •  City Clerk Jessica Figueroa
Area
[9]
 • Total
7.03 sq mi (18.21 km2)
 • Land6.97 sq mi (18.06 km2)
 • Water0.06 sq mi (0.15 km2)
Elevation
[10]
16 ft (5 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
16,698
 • Density2,395.01/sq mi (924.66/km2)
Time zone UTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST) UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code
33430
Area code(s) 561, 728
FIPS code 12-05200 [11]
GNIS feature ID0278445 [10]
Website http://www.bellegladegov.com/

Belle Glade is a city in south-central Florida and it is the far western part of Palm Beach County, Florida, United States, on the southeastern shore of Lake Okeechobee. It is part of the Miami metropolitan area of South Florida. According to the 2020 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 16,698, down from 17,467 in the 2010 census.

Contents

Belle Glade (and the surrounding area) is sometimes referred to as "Muck City" due to the large quantity of muck, in which sugarcane grows, found in the area. [1] Despite being located in the South Florida region of the state, Belle Glade is culturally more associated with the Florida Heartland.

For a time during the early to mid 1980s, the city had the highest rate of AIDS infection per capita (37 cases in a population of roughly 19,000) in the United States. [12] According to the FBI, in 2003, the city had the second highest violent crime rate in the country at 298 per 10,000 residents.[ citation needed ] In 2010, the Palm Beach County sheriff's office estimated that half of the young men in Belle Glade between the ages of 18 and 25 had felony convictions. [13]

History

African American migratory workers by a juke joint in Belle Glade, 1941. Photo by Marion Post Wolcott. African American migratory workers by a 'juke joint'. Belle Glade, Florida, February 1941.jpg
African American migratory workers by a juke joint in Belle Glade, 1941. Photo by Marion Post Wolcott.

Pre-historic

The Belle Glade or Okeechobee culture was an archaeological culture that extended around Lake Okeechobee and included the lower Kissimmee River valley. It existed from as early as 1000 BCE until about 1700 CE. The culture is named for the Belle Glade site, which was excavated in the mid-1930s as part of a Civil Works Administration project. The Belle Glade site included a midden and a burial mound. [14] [15]

Settlement

The town of Belle Glade was founded during the Florida land boom of the 1920s. [16] During that period, there were a series of efforts made to put in place drainage systems to reclaim dry land from the Everglades, including land around Lake Okeechobee. It was hoped that the reclaimed acreage could be put to better use, including agriculture. In 1921 the Florida legislature established an agricultural research station at Belle Glade to study methods of growing crops on reclaimed Everglades land. At that time, there were already 16 settlements on and around Lake Okeechobee, inhabited by around 2,000 people. [17]

A settlement, originally named Hillsboro, was built at what is now Belle Glade in 1925. [18] In 1926 the Florida East Coast Railway extended its system to Belle Glade, which helped the town's development. [19] [20]

1928 hurricane

A powerful hurricane struck the area on September 16, 1928. The storm winds caused Lake Okeechobee to overflow its banks, inundating towns around the lake and causing widespread damage in Belle Glade. According to figures compiled by the Florida Department of Health, the storm killed 611 people in Belle Glade alone, and a total of over 1,800 statewide. Contemporary accounts stated that most of the dead were Black migrant farmworkers, a "large percentage" of whom were believed to be from the Bahamas. [21] Belle Glade was rebuilt, and a large dike was erected to protect towns around the lake from storm-driven overflows.

World War II

German prisoners of war were confined in camps located at Belle Glade and nearby Clewiston during World War II. [22]

HIV/AIDS

In the early 1980s, researchers began to notice a large number of people with AIDS in Belle Glade. The disease had first been identified by doctors in New York and California in 1981, and it was largely associated with communities of gay men in and around large cities. In Belle Glade, however, people with AIDS mainly identified as heterosexual, and around half were women. Some researchers, and notably Dr. Mark Whiteside and Dr. Carolyn MacLeod of the Institute of Tropical Medicine, in Miami, hypothesized that AIDS in Belle Glade might be connected to poverty and poor living conditions in the city's "colored town," where many people diagnosed with the disease also lived. Their theory, along with the very high per capita AIDS rate in Belle Glade, brought notoriety to the town as the "AIDS capital of the world." Whiteside and MacLeod's theory turned out to be incorrect, but subsequent research conducted in Belle Glade shaped scientific knowledge about the transmission of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, through heterosexual sex. [23]

In recent years

Today, the area around Lake Okeechobee is fertile and farming is an important industry. Sugar cane and vegetables are grown. [24]

Migrant farmworkers are an important part of the labor force. Belle Glade received national attention when a 1960 CBS television documentary, Harvest of Shame , graphically depicted the local migrant farmerworkers' daily existence and working conditions. [25] [26]

Men and women still gather around 5 a.m. in the same lot you see at the beginning of Harvest of Shame, waiting for buses to take them to the fields. The "loading ramp," as it's called, is a bleak, empty lot, surrounded by some small buildings with bars on the windows and a boarded up storefront. [27]

As of May 2014 the city has plans "to demolish the loading ramp and turn it into a park." [27]

The town is known for its football tradition, and together with nearby Pahokee has "sent at least 60 players to the National Football League". [2]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.7 square miles (12 km2), of which 4.7 square miles (12 km2) are land and 0.21% is water.

Climate

Climate data for Belle Glade, Florida, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1924–2006
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)90
(32)		92
(33)		93
(34)		95
(35)		99
(37)		98
(37)		100
(38)		99
(37)		97
(36)		96
(36)		91
(33)		89
(32)		100
(38)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C)75.9
(24.4)		78.7
(25.9)		81.7
(27.6)		86.0
(30.0)		89.2
(31.8)		91.1
(32.8)		92.3
(33.5)		92.3
(33.5)		90.8
(32.7)		87.3
(30.7)		81.4
(27.4)		77.9
(25.5)		85.4
(29.7)
Daily mean °F (°C)63.9
(17.7)		65.9
(18.8)		69.3
(20.7)		73.2
(22.9)		77.5
(25.3)		80.9
(27.2)		82.4
(28.0)		82.5
(28.1)		81.4
(27.4)		77.3
(25.2)		70.8
(21.6)		66.7
(19.3)		74.3
(23.5)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C)51.8
(11.0)		53.1
(11.7)		56.9
(13.8)		60.5
(15.8)		65.9
(18.8)		70.7
(21.5)		72.4
(22.4)		72.7
(22.6)		72.0
(22.2)		67.3
(19.6)		60.1
(15.6)		55.6
(13.1)		63.3
(17.4)
Record low °F (°C)21
(−6)		27
(−3)		27
(−3)		33
(1)		44
(7)		54
(12)		62
(17)		61
(16)		60
(16)		39
(4)		32
(0)		24
(−4)		21
(−6)
Average precipitation inches (mm)2.27
(58)		1.90
(48)		3.03
(77)		2.14
(54)		4.55
(116)		9.49
(241)		7.01
(178)		8.63
(219)		7.29
(185)		4.26
(108)		2.55
(65)		2.10
(53)		55.22
(1,402)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)9.17.37.67.68.616.217.017.117.511.77.77.8135.2
Source 1: NOAA [28]
Source 2: XMACIS2 [29]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1930 926—
1940 3,806311.0%
1950 7,21989.7%
1960 11,27356.2%
1970 15,94941.5%
1980 16,5353.7%
1990 16,177−2.2%
2000 14,906−7.9%
2010 17,46717.2%
2020 16,698−4.4%
U.S. Decennial Census [30]
Belle Glade Amphitheater Belle Glade Amphitheater.jpg
Belle Glade Amphitheater

2020 census

Belle Glade racial composition
(Hispanics excluded from racial categories)
(NH = Non-Hispanic) [31]
RaceNumberPercentage
White (NH)1,0916.53%
Black or African American (NH)9,43256.49%
Native American or Alaska Native (NH)30.02%
Asian (NH)770.46%
Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian (NH)30.02%
Some other race (NH)310.19%
Two or more races/Multiracial (NH)2591.55%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)5,80234.75%
Total16,698

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 16,698 people, 6,324 households, and 4,052 families residing in the city. [32]

2010 census

Belle Glade Demographics
2010 Census Belle GladePalm Beach CountyFlorida
Total population17,4671,320,13418,801,310
Population, percent change, 2000 to 2010+17.2%+16.7%+17.6%
Population density3,109.0/sq mi670.2/sq mi350.6/sq mi
White or Caucasian (including White Hispanic)31.1%73.5%75.0%
(Non-Hispanic White or Caucasian)8.8%60.1%57.9%
Black or African-American 56.3%17.3%16.0%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race) 34.2%19.0%22.5%
Asian 0.5%2.4%2.4%
Native American or Native Alaskan 0.2%0.5%0.4%
Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian 0.2%0.1%0.1%
Two or more races (Multiracial) 2.0%2.3%2.5%
Some Other Race 9.7%3.9%3.6%

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 17,467 people, 5,832 households, and 3,879 families residing in the city. [33]

2000 census

In 2000, 39.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.9% were married couples living together, 22.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.3% were non-families. 23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.04 and the average family size was 3.62.

In 2000, the population was spread out, with 33.5% under the age of 18, 10.0% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 8.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.6 males.

In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $22,715, and the median income for a family was $26,756. Males had a median income of $26,232 versus $21,410 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,159. About 28.5% of families and 32.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41.1% of those under age 18 and 21.4% of those age 65 or over.

As of 2000, speakers of English as a first language accounted for 61.03% of all residents, while Spanish as a mother tongue consisted of 26.87%, Haitian Creole comprised 11.00%, and French made up 1.07% of the population. [34]

As of 2000, Belle Glade had the tenth highest percentage of Haitian residents in the United States, at 11.50% of the populace. [35] It also had the sixtieth highest percentage of Cuban residents nationally, at 5.98% of the population. [36]

Economy

Belle Glade Industrial Park Belle Glade Industrial Park.jpg
Belle Glade Industrial Park

The cane sugar mill of the "Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative" (SCGC) is located at Belle Glade. During the crop season the factory employs 550 people. [37]

As of Feb. 2013, the official unemployment rate was about 15%; however, the town's mayor suggested the actual unemployment rate was closer to 40%. The number of jobs available locally dropped as local agriculture shifted from vegetables to sugarcane, a more highly mechanized crop. [13]

The United States Postal Service operates the Belle Glade Post Office. [38]

The Florida Department of Corrections operated the Glades Correctional Institution in an unincorporated area in Palm Beach County near Belle Glade. [39] It was founded in 1932, employed about 350, had a capacity of 918 inmates [39] and was scheduled for closure in December 2011. [40]

Parks and recreation

Pool at Lakeshore in Belle Glade Pool at Lakeshore in Belle Glade.jpg
Pool at Lakeshore in Belle Glade
The Belle Glade Branch Library is operated by the Palm Beach County Library System Belle Glade Lakeside Hospital.jpg
The Belle Glade Branch Library is operated by the Palm Beach County Library System

The Lake Okeechobee Scenic Trail runs through Belle Glade.

Education

School District of Palm Beach County operates public schools.

Elementary schools

Middle schools

High schools

Private schools

College

Notable people

In CBS Reports' 1960 program Harvest of Shame , Belle Glade plays a prominent role as a source of migrant agricultural labor.

The final scenes of the crime novel Pretty Little Things by Jilliane Hoffman take place in a sugarcane plantation near Belle Glade.

The high school football culture of Belle Glade is the subject of the non-fiction book, Muck City: Winning and Losing in Football's Forgotten Town by author Bryan Mealer.

The psychedelic pop band of Montreal released a track titled, "Belle Glade Missionaries" on their 2013 album, Lousy with Sylvianbriar.

In Zora Neale Hurston's novel Their Eyes Were Watching God , characters Janie and Tea Cake join other African American migrant workers in picking beans in Belle Glade.

The refinery scenes from Empire of the Ants (1977) were shot in Belle Glade. [52]

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 Adelson, Eric. "The Chase". ESPN The Magazine. ESPN. Retrieved May 23, 2011.
  2. 1 2 Ovaska, Mark (February 2, 2012). "Muck City. Way Out". The New York Times. Retrieved February 6, 2018. In Muck City, football is salvation, an escape from the likelihood of prison or early death.
  3. 1 2 3 "Viva Florida 500 - History Happened Here: Belle Glade" . Retrieved March 12, 2019.
  4. 1 2 3 "Palm Beach County Historical Society: Belle Glade". www.pbchistoryonline.org. Archived from the original on April 4, 2023. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
  5. 1 2 3 "This week in history: Belle Glade incorporated". The Palm Beach Post . Retrieved March 12, 2019.
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  8. 1 2 3 "City of Belle Glade: About Us". www.bellegladegov.com. Archived from the original on September 13, 2018. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
  9. ↑ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 31, 2021.
  10. 1 2 U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Belle Glade, Florida
  11. ↑ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  12. ↑ AEGiS-Miami Herald: PLAGUE BAFFLES TOWN Belle Glades AIDS rate tops in U.S Archived 2012-03-09 at the Wayback Machine
  13. 1 2 Ovaska, Mark (February 2, 2012). "Muck City. Way Out". The New York Times . Retrieved February 6, 2018.
  14. ↑ Milanich, Jerald T. (1994). Archaeology of Precolumbian Florida. Gainesville, FL: University press of Florida. pp. 279–283, 290–297. ISBN   0-8130-1273-2.
  15. ↑ Setzler, F. M.; Strong, W. D. (Winter 1936). "Archaeology and Relief". The American Scholar. 5 (1): 109–117. JSTOR   41206419.
  16. ↑ Gorman, Juliet. "Introduction to Belle Glade". www.oberlin.edu. Archived from the original on May 14, 2008. Retrieved June 8, 2008.
  17. ↑ Tebeau, Charleton W. (1971). A History of Florida (revised 1980 ed.). Coral Gables, Florida: University of Miami Press. pp. 348–351. ISBN   0-87024-303-9.
  18. ↑ "Belle Glade". Britannica.com. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
  19. ↑ Tebeau op cit. p. 351.
  20. ↑ Monmaney, Terence. "The Strange Beauty at the Edge of the Everglades". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
  21. ↑ Kleinberg, Elliot (September 16, 2023). Black Cloud: The Great Florida Hurricane of 1928. New York: Carroll & Graf. pp. 98–99, 213, 243–244. ISBN   978-0-7867-1146-8.
  22. ↑ Kleinberg, Eliot (January 2, 2022). "Florida history: German prisoners of war – the enemy in our midst". The Palm Beach Post.
  23. ↑ Royles, Dan (2020). To make the wounded whole : the African American struggle against HIV/AIDS. Chapel Hill. ISBN   978-1-4696-5952-7. OCLC   1176467984.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  24. ↑ ""Black Gold" Keeps Local Farmers Rooted Around Belle Glade; Belle Glade's Black Soil Is Among Richest In Country". ABC News. WPBF25. October 4, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2022.
  25. ↑ Kleinberg op cit. p. 216.
  26. ↑ Monmaney op cit.
  27. 1 2 "In Confronting Poverty, 'Harvest Of Shame' Reaped Praise And Criticism". NPR. Retrieved May 31, 2014.
  28. ↑ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Belle Glade, FL". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
  29. ↑ "xmACIS2". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
  30. ↑ "Decennial Census of Population and Housing by Decades". US Census Bureau.
  31. ↑ "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved February 11, 2022.
  32. ↑ "S1101 HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES - 2020: Belle Glade city, Florida". United States Census Bureau .
  33. ↑ "S1101 HOUSEHOLDS AND FAMILIES - 2010: Belle Glade city, Florida". United States Census Bureau .
  34. ↑ "MLA Data Center Results of Belle Glade, FL". Modern Language Association. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved November 12, 2007.
  35. ↑ "Ancestry Map of Haitian Communities". Epodunk.com. Archived from the original on December 11, 2007. Retrieved November 12, 2007.
  36. ↑ "Ancestry Map of Cuban Communities". Epodunk.com. Archived from the original on November 7, 2007. Retrieved November 12, 2007.
  37. ↑ press release of SCGC, added 2011-04-24
  38. ↑ "Post Office™ Location - BELLE GLADE Archived 2012-09-02 at the Wayback Machine ." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on August 26, 2011.
  39. 1 2 "Glades Correctional Institution Archived 2011-09-26 at the Wayback Machine ." Florida Department of Corrections. Retrieved on August 26, 2011.
  40. ↑ Kam, Dara, and Jennifer Sorentrue, "Rep. Bernard: State prisons chief says Glades prison will close Dec. 1", Palm Beach Post, September 21, 2011.
  41. ↑ "Reidel Anthony Past Stats, Statistics, History, and Awards - databaseFootball.com". databasefootball.com. Archived from the original on May 28, 2011. Retrieved April 24, 2011. High School: Glades Central (Belle Glade, FL)
  42. ↑ "Player Bio: Brad Banks :: Football". hawkeyesports.com. Archived from the original on November 25, 2010. Retrieved April 24, 2011.
  43. ↑ "Jessie Hester Past Stats, Statistics, History, and Awards - databaseFootball.com". databasefootball.com. Archived from the original on November 19, 2011. Retrieved April 24, 2011.
  44. ↑ "Santonio Holmes Past Stats, Statistics, History, and Awards - databaseFootball.com". databasefootball.com. Archived from the original on May 19, 2011. Retrieved April 24, 2011.
  45. ↑ "James Lee Past Stats, Statistics, History, and Awards - databaseFootball.com". databasefootball.com. Archived from the original on November 23, 2011. Retrieved April 24, 2011.
  46. ↑ Frank, Vincent. "Barkevious Mingo: 5 Things You Need to Know About the LSU Linebacker". Bleacher Report. Retrieved April 27, 2021.
  47. ↑ Elman, Jake. "2019 NFL Draft: Royal Palm Beach High's Jimmy Moreland making most of second chance". palmbeachpost.com. Retrieved May 19, 2019.
  48. ↑ "Louis Oliver Past Stats, Statistics, History, and Awards - databaseFootball.com". databasefootball.com. Archived from the original on June 10, 2011. Retrieved April 24, 2011.
  49. ↑ "Fred Taylor Past Stats, Statistics, History, and Awards - databaseFootball.com". databasefootball.com. Archived from the original on May 28, 2011. Retrieved April 24, 2011. High School: Glades Central (Belle Glade, FL)
  50. ↑ "Andre Waters Past Stats, Statistics, History, and Awards - databaseFootball.com". databasefootball.com. Archived from the original on November 21, 2011. Retrieved April 24, 2011.
  51. ↑ "Rhondy Weston Past Stats, Statistics, History, and Awards - databaseFootball.com". databasefootball.com. Archived from the original on April 20, 2015. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
  52. ↑ Fontenay, Blake (June 24, 2022). "When giant ants invaded the Treasure Coast: A quirkier moment in local history". Treasure Coast Newspapers.
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