The Conservative Party, officially the Conservative and Unionist Party and also known colloquially as the Tories, is one of the two main political parties in the United Kingdom, along with the Labour Party, and has been described as both right-wing and centre-right.
This article encompasses detailed results of previous UK general elections, Police and Crime Commissioner elections, devolved national elections, devolved London elections and European Parliament elections which the Conservative Party have participated in.
It is the current governing party, having won the 2019 general election, and has been the primary governing party in the United Kingdom since 2010. On the political spectrum the party has been described as right-wing [9] by various sources and as centre-right [10] by others, and encompasses various ideological factions including one-nation conservatives, Thatcherites, and traditionalist conservatives.
As of September 2023, the party has 354 members of Parliament, 260 members of the House of Lords, 9 members of the London Assembly, 31 members of the Scottish Parliament, 16 members of the Welsh Parliament, 4 directly elected mayors, 30 police and crime commissioners, and around 5,647 local councillors. [11] It holds the annual Conservative Party Conference. [12]
The Conservative Party was founded in 1834 from the Tory Party and was one of two dominant political parties in the 19th century, along with the Liberal Party. [13] [14] In 1912, the Liberal Unionist Party merged with the party to form the Conservative and Unionist Party. Since the 1920s, the Labour Party emerged to be the Conservatives' main rival and the Conservative–Labour political rivalry has shaped modern British politics for the last century.
United Kingdom general elections are held under the first past the post voting system. [15] Each constituency in the United Kingdom will elect one Member of Parliament; overall 650 Members of Parliament are currently elected at each election. [15] Following the Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022, the date of the general election is at the discretion of the prime minister within a five-year period from the last general election. [15] The next general election must be held by at least 28 January 2025. [15]
In the 1931 general election, the Conservatives earned their best result to date, by vote share (55.5%) and seat number (474). [16] In the post-war era, the 1983 general election was the most successful for the Conservatives in terms of seats won (397), whereas 1955 was the most successful election for vote share (49.7%). [16] However, the 1997 general election was the least successful election since 1918 for the Conservatives, winning 165 seats and gaining 30.7% of the vote. [16]
This chart shows the electoral performance of the Conservative Party in each general election since 1835. [17] [18]
For results of the Tories, the party's predecessor, see here.
Election | Leader | Votes | Seats | Position | Government | Ref | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Share | No. | ± | Share | |||||
1835 | Robert Peel | 261,269 | 40.8% | 273 / 658 | 98 | 41.5% | 2nd | Whig | [19] |
1837 | 379,694 | 48.3% | 314 / 658 | 41 | 47.7% | 2nd | Whig | ||
1841 | 379,694 | 56.9% | 367 / 658 | 53 | 55.8% | 1st | Conservative | ||
1847 | Earl of Derby | 205,481 | 42.7% | 325 / 656 Includes Peelites | 42 | 49.5% | 1st | Whig | |
1852 | 311,481 | 41.9% | 330 / 654 Includes Peelites | 5 | 50.5% | 1st | Conservative | ||
1857 | 239,712 | 34.0% | 264 / 654 | 66 | 40.4% | 2nd | Whig | ||
1859 | 193,232 | 34.3% | 298 / 654 | 34 | 45.6% | 2nd | Whig | ||
1865 | 346,035 | 40.5% | 289 / 658 | 9 | 43.9% | 2nd | Liberal | ||
1868 [fn 1] | Benjamin Disraeli | 903,318 | 38.4% | 271 / 658 | 18 | 41.2% | 2nd | Liberal | |
1874 | 1,091,708 | 44.3% | 350 / 652 | 79 | 53.7% | 1st | Conservative | ||
1880 | 1,462,351 | 42.5% | 237 / 652 | 113 | 36.3% | 2nd | Liberal | ||
1885 [fn 2] | Marquess of Salisbury | 2,020,927 | 43.5% | 247 / 670 | 10 | 36.9% | 2nd | Liberal minority | [17] |
1886 | 1,520,886 | 51.1% | 317 / 670 | 70 | 47.3% | 1st | Conservative–Liberal Unionist | [17] | |
1892 | 2,159,150 | 47.0% | 268 / 670 | 49 | 40.0% | 2nd | Liberal | [17] | |
1895 | 1,894,772 | 49.0% | 340 / 670 | 72 | 50.7% | 1st | Conservative–Liberal Unionist | [17] | |
1900 | 1,767,958 | 50.3% | 335 / 670 | 5 | 50.0% | 1st | Conservative–Liberal Unionist | [17] | |
1906 | Arthur Balfour | 2,422,071 | 43.4% | 131 / 670 | 204 | 19.6% | 2nd | Liberal | [17] |
January 1910 | 3,104,407 | 46.8% | 240 / 670 | 109 | 35.8% | 2nd | Liberal minority | [17] | |
December 1910 | 2,420,169 | 46.6% | 235 / 670 | 5 | 35.1% | 2nd | Liberal minority | [17] | |
Merged with Liberal Unionist Party in 1912 to become the Conservative and Unionist Party | |||||||||
1918 [fn 3] | Bonar Law | 3,472,738 | 38.4% | 379 / 707 332 elected with Coupon | 108 | 53.6% | 1st | Coalition Liberal–Conservative | [17] |
1922 | 5,294,465 | 38.5% | 344 / 615 | 35 | 55.9% | 1st | Conservative | [17] | |
1923 | Stanley Baldwin | 5,286,159 | 38.0% | 258 / 625 | 86 | 41.3% | 1st | Labour minority | [17] |
1924 | 7,418,983 | 46.8% | 412 / 615 | 124 | 67.0% | 1st | Conservative | [17] | |
1929 [fn 4] | 8,252,527 | 38.1% | 260 / 615 | 152 | 42.3% | 2nd | Labour minority | [17] | |
1931 | 11,377,022 | 55.0% | 470 / 615 | 210 | 76.4% | 1st | Conservative–Liberal–National Labour | [17] | |
1935 | 10,025,083 | 47.8% | 386 / 615 | 83 | 62.8% | 1st | Conservative–Liberal National–National Labour | [17] | |
1945 | Winston Churchill | 8,716,211 | 36.2% | 197 / 640 | 189 | 30.8% | 2nd | Labour | [17] |
1950 | 11,507,061 | 40.0% | 282 / 625 | 85 | 45.1% | 2nd | Labour | [17] | |
1951 | 13,724,418 | 48.0% | 302 / 625 | 20 | 48.3% | 1st | Conservative–National Liberal | [17] | |
1955 | Anthony Eden | 13,310,891 | 49.7% | 324 / 630 | 22 | 51.4% | 1st | Conservative–National Liberal | [17] |
1959 | Harold Macmillan | 13,750,875 | 49.4% | 345 / 630 | 21 | 54.8% | 1st | Conservative–National Liberal | [17] |
1964 | Alec Douglas-Home | 12,002,642 | 43.4% | 298 / 630 | 47 | 47.3% | 2nd | Labour | [17] |
1966 | Edward Heath | 11,418,455 | 41.9% | 250 / 630 | 48 | 39.7% | 2nd | Labour | [17] |
1970 [fn 5] | 13,145,123 | 46.4% | 330 / 630 | 80 | 52.4% | 1st | Conservative | [17] | |
February 1974 | 11,872,180 | 37.9% | 297 / 635 | 33 | 46.8% | 2nd | Labour minority | [17] | |
October 1974 | 10,462,565 | 35.8% | 277 / 635 | 20 | 43.6% | 2nd | Labour | [17] | |
1979 | Margaret Thatcher | 13,697,923 | 43.9% | 339 / 635 | 62 | 53.4% | 1st | Conservative | [17] |
1983 | 13,012,316 | 42.4% | 397 / 650 | 38 | 61.1% | 1st | Conservative | ||
1987 | 13,760,935 | 42.2% | 376 / 650 | 21 | 57.8% | 1st | Conservative | ||
1992 | John Major | 14,093,007 | 41.9% | 336 / 651 | 40 | 51.6% | 1st | Conservative | |
1997 | 9,600,943 | 30.7% | 165 / 659 | 171 | 25.0% | 2nd | Labour | ||
2001 | William Hague | 8,357,615 | 31.7% | 166 / 659 | 1 | 25.2% | 2nd | Labour | |
2005 | Michael Howard | 8,785,941 | 32.4% | 198 / 646 | 32 | 30.7% | 2nd | Labour | |
2010 | David Cameron | 10,703,654 | 36.1% | 306 / 650 | 96 | 47.1% | 1st | Conservative–Liberal Democrats [20] | [21] |
2015 | 11,299,609 | 36.8% | 330 / 650 | 24 | 50.8% | 1st | Conservative | [22] | |
2017 | Theresa May | 13,636,684 | 42.3% | 317 / 650 | 13 | 48.8% | 1st | Conservative minority with DUP confidence and supply [23] | [24] |
2019 | Boris Johnson | 13,966,454 | 43.6% | 365 / 650 | 48 | 56.2% | 1st | Conservative | [25] |
Election | Leader | Votes | Commissioners | Position | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Share | No. | ± | Share | |||
2012 | David Cameron | 1,480,323 | 27.6% | 16 / 41 | 34.8% | 1st | |
2016 | 2,601,560 | 29.3% | 20 / 40 | 4 | 50.0% | 1st | |
2021 | Boris Johnson | 4,900,501 | 44.5% | 30 / 39 | 10 | 76.9% | 1st |
Election | Leader | Votes (Constituency) | Votes (List) | Seats | Position | Government | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Share | No. | Share | No. | ± | Share | ||||
1999 | David McLetchie | 364,225 | 15.6% | 359,109 | 15.4% | 18 / 129 | 14.0% | 3rd | Labour–Liberal Democrats | |
2003 | 318,279 | 16.6% | 296,929 | 15.6% | 18 / 129 | 0 | 14.0% | 3rd | Labour–Liberal Democrats | |
2007 | Annabel Goldie | 334,743 | 16.6% | 284,005 | 13.9% | 17 / 129 | 1 | 13.4% | 3rd | Scottish National minority |
2011 | 276,652 | 13.9% | 245,967 | 12.4% | 15 / 129 | 2 | 11.6% | 3rd | Scottish National | |
2016 | Ruth Davidson | 501,844 | 22.0% | 524,222 | 22.9% | 31 / 129 | 16 | 24.0% | 2nd | Scottish National minority |
2021 | Douglas Ross | 592,526 | 21.9% | 637,131 | 23.5% | 31 / 129 | 0 | 24.0% | 2nd | Scottish National minority |
Election | Leader | Votes (Constituency) | Votes (List) | Seats | Position | Government | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Share | No. | Share | No. | ± | Share | ||||
1999 | Rod Richards | 162,133 | 15.8% | 168,206 | 16.5% | 9 / 60 | 15.0% | 3rd | Labour–Liberal Democrats | |
2003 | Nick Bourne | 169,832 | 19.9% | 162,725 | 19.2% | 11 / 60 | 2 | 18.3% | 3rd | Labour |
2007 | 218,739 | 22.4% | 209,153 | 21.4% | 12 / 60 | 1 | 20.0% | 3rd | Labour–Plaid Cymru | |
2011 | 237,388 | 25.0% | 213,773 | 22.5% | 14 / 60 | 2 | 23.3% | 2nd | Labour | |
2016 | Andrew R. T. Davies | 215,597 | 21.1% | 190,846 | 18.8% | 11 / 60 | 3 | 18.3% | 3rd | Labour minority |
2021 | 289,802 | 26.1% | 278,560 | 25.1% | 16 / 60 | 5 | 26.7% | 2nd | Labour minority |
Prior to 1973, the Ulster Unionist Party acted as the de facto Northern Ireland branch of the Conservative Party. The UUP's results may be seen here.
Election | Leader | Votes | Seats | Position | Government | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Share | No. | ± | Share | ||||
Elections to the Northern Ireland Forum in 1996 | ||||||||
1996 | Barbara Finney | 3,595 | 0.48 | 0 / 110 | 0.0% | 12th | Dissolution | |
Elections to the Northern Ireland Assembly from 1998 | ||||||||
1998 | Unknown | 1,835 | 0.23 | 0 / 108 | 0 | 0.0% | 14th | UUP–Sinn Féin |
2003 | Unknown | 1,604 | 0.20 | 0 / 108 | 0 | 0.0% | 14th | Dissolution |
2007 | Unknown | 3,457 | 0.50 | 0 / 108 | 0 | 0.0% | 10th | DUP–Sinn Féin |
2011 | Unknown | Did not contest election | DUP–Sinn Féin | |||||
2016 | Alan Dunlop | 2,554 | 0.40 | 0 / 108 | 0 | 0.0% | 11th | DUP–Sinn Féin |
2022 | Matthew Robinson | Did not contest election | tbc | |||||
Election | Leader | Candidate | Votes (1st pref.) | Votes (run-off) | Position | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Share | No. | Share | ||||
2000 | William Hague | Steven Norris | 464,434 | 27.1% | 564,137 | 42.1% | 2nd |
2004 | Michael Howard | 542,423 | 29.1% | 667,180 | 44.6% | 2nd | |
2008 | David Cameron | Boris Johnson | 1,043,761 | 43.2% | 1,168,738 | 53.2% | 1st |
2012 | 971,931 | 44.0% | 1,054,811 | 51.5% | 1st | ||
2016 | Zac Goldsmith | 909,755 | 35.0% | 994,614 | 43.2% | 2nd | |
2021 | Boris Johnson | Shaun Bailey | 893,051 | 35.3% | 977,601 | 44.8% | 2nd |
Election | Leader | Assembly Leader | Votes (Constituency) | Votes (List) | Seats | Position | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Share | No. | Share | No. | + | Share | ||||
2000 | William Hague | Eric Ollerenshaw | 526,422 | 33.2% | 481,053 | 29.0% | 9 / 25 | 36.0% | 1st | |
2004 | Michael Howard | Bob Neill | 562,047 | 31.2% | 533,696 | 28.5% | 9 / 25 | 0 | 36.0% | 1st |
2008 | David Cameron | Richard Barnes | 900,569 | 37.4% | 835,535 | 34.1% | 11 / 25 | 2 | 44.0% | 1st |
2012 | James Cleverly | 722,280 | 32.7% | 708,528 | 32.0% | 9 / 25 | 2 | 36.0% | 2nd | |
2016 | Gareth Bacon | 812,415 | 31.1% | 764,230 | 29.2% | 8 / 25 | 1 | 32.0% | 2nd | |
2021 | Boris Johnson | Susan Hall | 833,021 | 32.0% | 795,081 | 30.7% | 9 / 25 | 1 | 36.0% | 2nd |
Year | Leader | Mayoralties won | Change |
---|---|---|---|
2017 | Theresa May | 4 / 6 | |
2018 | 0 / 1 | ||
2019 | 0 / 1 | ||
2021 | Boris Johnson | 2 / 7 | 2 |
Election | Party Group | Leader | Votes | Seats | Position | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | Share | No. | ± | Share | ||||||
1979 | ED | Margaret Thatcher | 6,508,492 | 48.4 | 60 / 81 | 75.0% | 1st | |||
1984 | EPP | 5,426,866 | 38.8 | 45 / 81 | 15 | 55.6% | 1st | |||
1989 | 5,331,077 | 34.7 | 32 / 81 | 13 | 39.5% | 2nd | ||||
1994 | John Major | 4,274,122 | 26.8 | 18 / 87 | 13 | 20.7% | 2nd | |||
1999 [fn 1] | EPP-ED | William Hague | 3,578,218 | 35.8 | 36 / 87 | 18 | 41.4% | 1st | ||
2004 | Michael Howard | 4,397,087 | 26.7 | 27 / 78 | 8 | 34.6% | 1st | |||
2009 [fn 2] | ECR | David Cameron | 4,281,286 | 27.7 | 26 / 72 | 1 | 36.1% | 1st | ||
2014 | 3,792,549 | 23.1 | 19 / 73 | 7 | 26.0% | 3rd | ||||
2019 | Theresa May | 1,512,809 | 8.8 | 4 / 73 | 15 | 5.5% | 5th |
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