Harlingerland Frisian | |
---|---|
Freesck | |
Native to | Lower Saxony, Germany |
Region | Harlingerland |
Ethnicity | East Frisians |
Extinct | 18th century [1] |
Indo-European
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Glottolog | None |
Harlingerland Frisian is an extinct dialect of the East Frisian language. [2] It was known for giving several features originally in Old Frisian. [3] The language was only documented in the year 1691 with the book Memoriale linguae Frisicae, by Johann Cadovius-Müller. [4] This dialect then slowly vanished and was displaced by the Harlings dialect of Low German. [5] It belonged to the Weser dialects alongside the Wursten and Wangerooge Frisian dialects.
Below is a translation of the Lord's Prayer and a comparison with the Saterland Frisian translation.
Harlingerland Frisian | Saterlandic Frisian [6] |
---|---|
Uhse vaahr, di jom sint in den hihmel, gefihret wiss juhse nomme, tookuhme uhs jouse ryhck, jouse will geschia as im hihmel, zo auck up eerden, uhse diggelyckse broode rayck uhs duling uhn veryff uhs, uhse schilde, as wy aück veryffen uhse schildeners, uhn fehr uhs nat in versaickinge, sundern verlais uhs van den baysen, wenthe dyhn is dait ryhck, di krefft uhne heehrligheit, van nuh on, bett in ewigkeit. Ommen. | Uus Foar in dän Hemel, din Nome wäide heliged, läit dien Riek boalde kume, läit din Wille geskjo so in dän Hemel as ap ju Äide. Dou uus dälig dät Brood, dät wie bruke. Un ferreke uus uus Skeelden, so as wie ze uus Skeeldlju-dene ferroat häbe. Un lede uus nit in Fersäikenge, man rädde uus fóar dät Kwode. Dan dienen is dät Riek un ju Krääft un ju Heerdelkaid bit in alle Eeuwigaid. Amen. |
The Frisian languages are a closely related group of West Germanic languages, spoken by about 400,000 Frisian people, who live on the southern fringes of the North Sea in the Netherlands and Germany. The Frisian languages are the closest living language group to the Anglic languages; the two groups make up the Anglo-Frisian languages group and together with the Low German dialects these form the North Sea Germanic languages. However, modern English and Frisian are not mutually intelligible, nor are Frisian languages intelligible among themselves, owing to independent linguistic innovations and language contact with neighboring languages.
The Frisians are an ethnic group indigenous to the coastal regions of the Netherlands, north-western Germany and southern Denmark, and during the Early Middle Ages in the north-western coastal zone of Flanders, Belgium. They inhabit an area known as Frisia and are concentrated in the Dutch provinces of Friesland and Groningen and, in Germany, East Frisia and North Frisia.
Frisia is a cross-border cultural region in Northwestern Europe. Stretching along the Wadden Sea, it encompasses the north of the Netherlands and parts of northwestern Germany. Wider definitions of "Frisia" may include the island of Rem and the other Danish Wadden Sea Islands. The region is traditionally inhabited by the Frisians, a West Germanic ethnic group.
East Frisian Low Saxon, East Frisian Low German or simply called East Frisian is a Northern Low Saxon dialect spoken in the East Frisian peninsula of northwestern Lower Saxony.
Old Frisian was a West Germanic language spoken between the 8th and 16th centuries along the North Sea coast, roughly between the mouths of the Rhine and Weser rivers. The Frisian settlers on the coast of South Jutland also spoke Old Frisian, but there are no known medieval texts from this area. The language of the earlier inhabitants of the region between the Zuiderzee and Ems River is attested in only a few personal names and place-names. Old Frisian evolved into Middle Frisian, spoken from the 16th to the 19th century.
Stadsfries or Town Frisian is a set of dialects spoken in certain cities in the province of Friesland in the northern Netherlands, namely Leeuwarden, Sneek, Bolsward, Franeker, Dokkum, Harlingen, Stavoren, and to some extent in Heerenveen. For linguistic reasons, the outlying and insular dialects of Midsland (Terschelling), Ameland, Het Bildt, and Kollum are also sometimes tied to Stadsfries.
Saterland Frisian, also known as Sater Frisian, Saterfrisian or Saterlandic, spoken in the Saterland municipality of Lower Saxony in Germany, is the last living dialect of the East Frisian language. It is closely related to the other Frisian languages: North Frisian, spoken in Germany as well, and West Frisian, spoken in the Dutch province of Friesland.
North Frisian is a minority language of Germany, spoken by about 10,000 people in North Frisia. The language is part of the larger group of the West Germanic Frisian languages. The language comprises 10 dialects which are themselves divided into an insular and a mainland group.
East Frisian is one of the Frisian languages. Its last surviving dialect is Saterland Frisian spoken in Saterland in Germany.
Final-obstruent devoicing or terminal devoicing is a systematic phonological process occurring in languages such as Catalan, German, Dutch, Quebec French, Breton, Russian, Polish, Lithuanian, Turkish, and Wolof. In such languages, voiced obstruents in final position become voiceless before voiceless consonants and in pausa. The process can be written as *C[+ obstruent, +voice] → C[-voice]/__#.
The Anglo-Frisian languages are the Anglic and Frisian varieties of the West Germanic languages.
Middle Frisian was a language that evolved from Old Frisian around the year 1550 and was spoken until 1800.
Franconian or Frankish is a collective term traditionally used by linguists to refer to many West Germanic languages, some of which are spoken in what formed the historical core area of Francia during the Early Middle Ages.
East Frisians are, in the wider sense, the inhabitants of East Frisia in the northwest of the German state of Lower Saxony. In the narrower sense the East Frisians are the eastern branch of the Frisians, a distinct Germanic ethnic group, and are one of the nationally recognized ethnic minorities in Germany, along with the Danes, Sorbs, Sinti and Romanies. They are closely related to the Saterland Frisians, who come from East Frisia and moved from the coastal region to the interior. The East Frisians are also related to the North Frisians and the Westlauwers Frisians.
The Saterland Frisians are one of the smallest language groups in Europe. They belong to the eastern branch of the Frisian people and are thus a recognised minority within Germany. They live in the Saterland, a community in the northern part of Cloppenburg district.
East Frisia is a collective term for all traditionally Frisian areas in Lower Saxony, Germany, which are primarily located on a peninsula between the Dollart and the Jade Bight. Along with West Frisia and North Frisia, it is one of the most commonly used subdivisions of Frisia.
Rolf Hendrik Bremmer is a Dutch academic. He is professor of Old and Middle English, and extraordinary professor of Old Frisian, at Leiden University.
Wursten Frisian was a dialect of the East Frisian language that is thought to have been spoken until the early 18th century in the landscape of Wursten between Bremerhaven and Cuxhaven, Germany. Together with Harlingerland Frisian and Wangerooge Frisian it belonged to the Weser Frisian group of dialects. The last East Frisian dialect still spoken today is Saterland Frisian, an Ems-group dialect.
The Asega-bôk, English: "Book of the Judges", was part of the legal code for the Rustringian Frisians. The oldest known manuscript version, the First Riustring Manuscript is, besides the oldest extant text in Frisian, one of the oldest remaining continental codes of Germanic law.
Frisian nationalism refers to the nationalism which views Frisians as a nation with a shared culture. Frisian nationalism seeks to achieve greater levels of autonomy for Frisian people, and also supports the cultural unity of all Frisians regardless of modern-day territorial borders. The Frisians derive their name from the Frisii, an ancient Germanic tribe which inhabited the northern coastal areas in what today is the northern Netherlands, although historical research has indicated a lack of direct ethnic continuity between the ancient Frisii and later medieval 'Frisians' from whom modern Frisians descend. In the Middle Ages, these Frisians formed the Kingdom of Frisia and later the Frisian freedom confederation, before being subsumed by stronger foreign powers up to this day.