Israeli airstrike on Hamas leadership in Qatar

Israeli strike on Hamas leadership in Qatar
Part of the Gaza war and the Middle Eastern crisis (2023–present)
CCTV footage of the strike Leqtaifiya class=notpageimage| Location in Qatar
Type	Targeted killing, airstrike, decapitation [1]
Location	Leqtaifiya, Doha, Qatar 25°21′26″N51°30′35″E / 25.35722°N 51.50972°E / 25.35722; 51.50972
Target	Hamas leadership
Date	9 September 2025 3:46 p.m. (UTC+3)
Executed by	Israel Defense Forces   Israeli Air Force Shin Bet [2]
Outcome	Hamas claims the entire leadership survived the attack [3]
Casualties	6 killed, including one Qatari security official [1]

On 9 September 2025, during the Gaza war, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) conducted airstrikes targeting the leadership of Hamas in Qatar, as it met to discuss an active ceasefire proposal presented by the United States. ^{[4] [5]} The attack, in the Leqtaifiya district of Qatar's capital Doha, was Israel's first known attack on the country. ^{[4] [5]} Israeli defense minister Israel Katz said the attack was in response to the Ramot Junction shooting the day before. ^[6]

According to reports, the targets included several senior Hamas figures: Khalil al-Hayya, a senior leader in Gaza; Zaher Jabarin, who is responsible for Hamas's operations in the West Bank; Muhammad Ismail Darwish, head of the group's Shura Council; and Khaled Mashal, the former overall leader of Hamas and head of its international branch. ^[7] Those targeted were involved in negotiations for a ceasefire to the Gaza war and an Israeli-Palestinian prisoner-hostage exchange. ^[8] The attack was widely condemned across the world.

Background

Hamas leadership in Qatar and Israel's vow to kill all Hamas leaders

Further information: Qatari support for Hamas

See also: Qatar and state-sponsored terrorism and List of Israeli assassinations

Qatar had been hosting Hamas's political leadership since 2012, when senior figures, including Khaled Mashal—then chairman of the Hamas Political Bureau—relocated from Syria during the Syrian civil war. According to Qatari officials, the move followed a request from the United States to facilitate indirect communication with the group. Other senior members based in Doha have included Ismail Haniyeh, Khalil al-Hayya, and Mousa Abu Marzouk. ^[9]

Following the 7 October 2023 attacks on southern Israel which started the Gaza war, Israel vowed to kill all Hamas leaders. ^{[10] [11] [12]} Israel has, however, participated in mediated negotiations with Hamas, through Qatar, which has since the start of the war hosted negotiations in Doha, ^[8] maintaining contacts with both sides; senior Israeli officials have travelled to the emirate repeatedly to discuss the release of hostages held in Gaza. ^[10]

In May 2024, it was reported that the United States had urged Qatar to expel Hamas leaders from its territory if they refused to agree to a hostage deal with Israel. ^{[13] [14]} Subsequently, Qatar was reported to be reviewing the future of Hamas's office in Doha as part of a broader evaluation of its role as a mediator in the Gaza war. ^[15]

Following the 2024 assassination of Mohammed Deif (13 July) and Ismail Haniyeh (31 July), and the killing of Yahya Sinwar (16 October), al-Hayya—a founding member of Hamas and its chief negotiator—became one of five members of the newly formed "temporary committee", a provisional top decision-making body whose other members are Mashal, Zaher Jabarin, Muhammad Ismail Darwish, ^[16] and a fifth unknown member. ^[17]

On 31 August 2025, IDF chief of staff Eyal Zamir stated that Israel was seeking to kill Hamas officials across the Middle East, telling reserve soldiers that "Hamas will have no place to hide from us" and that all figures, senior or junior, would be struck wherever found. ^[10]

September 2025 U.S. hostage deal initiative

On 7 September, Hamas announced it was ready to "immediately sit at the negotiating table" after receiving, via mediators, what it described as "some ideas from the American side aimed at reaching a ceasefire agreement". ^[18] According to a Palestinian official, the United States plan envisaged freeing the remaining 48 hostages in the first 48 hours of a 60‑day truce in exchange for Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails and negotiations on a permanent ceasefire. ^[8] On 8 September, Hamas representatives met Qatari prime minister Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani to discuss the U.S. proposal, ^[10] with plans to reconvene the following day (the day of the attack). ^[8]

Israel's preparations for the strike

The operation was reportedly codenamed Atzeret HaDin (Hebrew : עצרת הדין, lit.  'Day of Judgment'). ^[19] The name alludes to the Jewish holiday of Shemini Atzeret. ^[19] Israel stated the attack was a response to the October 7 attacks and the Ramot Junction shooting the previous day. ^[20]

According to a report by Israel's Channel 12, U.S. president Donald Trump approved the attack. ^[21] Two days prior, he issued what he described as his "last warning" to Hamas, urging the group to agree to a hostage release deal, stating "the Israelis have accepted my terms. It is time for Hamas to accept as well [...] I have warned Hamas about the consequences of not accepting. This is my last warning, there will not be another one!" ^[22]

Agence France-Presse reported that an anonymous White House official stated "we were informed in advance" regarding the strike on Qatar, a U.S. ally and host to a major U.S. military base. ^[23] The Qatari foreign ministry, however, stated that Qatar had not been informed in advance, noting that "the communication received from one of the US officials came during the sound of explosions." ^[24]

Attack

On 9 September 2025, at 3:46 p.m. local time, ^[25] 15 IDF fighter jets dropped 10 bombs ^[26] on a residential compound next to the Woqod petrol station on Wadi Rawdan Street ^[8] in the Leqtaifiya district of Doha, ^{[27] [5]} targeting the senior political leadership of Hamas. ^[28] According to the BBC, the targeted Hamas leaders were likely convening to formulate their response to the American hostage deal proposal; ^[8] Hamas states that they were at the meeting. ^[10] Israeli media reported that numerous senior Hamas officials were present at the meeting when the airstrike occurred, including al-Hayya, Mashal, Darwish, Marzouk, and Jabarin. ^{[29] [30] [31]} Asharq Al-Awsat, citing Hamas sources, reported that al-Hayya's office was struck four times, while the Hamas officials were meeting in the former office of Ismail Haniyeh. One missile that did hit Haniyeh's office landed on the opposite corner from where the targets were seated, injuring two unnamed officials, one seriously. ^{[32] [33]}

The compound—a gated residential complex ^[8] used by the Hamas Political Bureau as its headquarters ^[34] —was heavily damaged. ^[8] Hamas stated that six people were killed, but that its top leadership survived the attack. The fatalities were identified as al-Hayya's son Humam, his office director Jihad Abu Labal, three bodyguards, and a Qatari security officer. ^{[8] [35]} Mutiple civilians were injured. ^[10]

Three other of al-Hayya's children, along with his wife, were previously killed by an Israeli airstrike during the 2014 Gaza War. ^[16]

Analysis

According to Reuters, the strike was expected to result in the temporary or permanent end of ceasefire negotiations in the war. ^[36] Frank Lowenstein, the former U.S. special envoy for the Middle East, stated that the strike signified the Israeli government had not only lost interest in negotiating a ceasefire but was sufficiently confident that the negotiations would become irrelevant to proceed with assassinating the Hamas negotiating team. ^[28] If President Trump had known of and authorized the strike, it would signal his administration's approval of ending the negotiation track. ^[37]

However, following the strike, during an event at the U.S. embassy in Jerusalem, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu returned to the topic of ending the war, stating that Israel had already accepted the conditions of a truce proposal put forward by Trump and that if Hamas were to accept it as well, the war would end immediately. ^[38]

Reactions

State actors

• Algeria: Algeria condemned the strikes as a "brutal Israeli aggression" and expressed its "full and absolute solidarity" with the "sisterly" State of Qatar. ^[39] It added that the attack on the Hamas negotiating team proved Israel "is not inclined toward peace" and warned against "an endless cycle of insecurity" in the region. ^[40]
• Australia: Foreign Minister Penny Wong condemned the strike as "the wrong thing to do" as it jeopardizes Qatari and U.S. efforts to broker a ceasefire and violates Qatar's sovereignty. ^[41]
• Bahrain: The Foreign Ministry condemned the attack as violation of Qatari sovereignty and international law and expressed solidarity with Qatar. ^[42]
• Canada: Prime Minister Mark Carney condemned the "intolerable expansion of violence and an affront to Qatar's sovereignty" which "directly imperil[s] efforts to advance peace." ^[43]
• China: Foreign Ministry spokesperson Lin Jian issued a statement condemning the strikes as violation of Qatar's territorial sovereignty. He also stated that "China strongly urges all parties concerned, particularly Israel, to make greater positive efforts to quell the fighting and restart negotiations, rather than the opposite." ^[44]
• Egypt: Egypt stated that "this escalation undermines international efforts to achieve calm and threatens security and stability in the entire region." ^[45]
• France: President Emmanuel Macron called the strikes "unacceptable, whatever the reason" and said that "under no circumstances should the war spread throughout the region." ^[46]
• Germany: Chancellor Friedrich Merz and Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul called the attack "unacceptable" as it not only violates Qatar's territorial sovereignty but also threatens collective efforts to release the hostages. ^[47]
• Iran: Foreign Ministry spokesman Esmail Baghaei condemned the strike as a "blatant violation of international law" and an "infringement upon the national sovereignty of Qatar and the Palestinian negotiators." ^[20]
• Iraq: The foreign ministry condemned the strike as a "cowardly attack" and expressed "full support" for Qatar while calling on the international community "to assume its responsibilities in putting an end to these aggressive practices." ^{[45] [40]}
• Israel: Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's office stated: "Today's action against the top terrorist chieftains of Hamas was a wholly independent Israeli operation [...] Israel initiated it, Israel conducted it, and Israel takes full responsibility." ^[48] Yechiel Leiter, Israel's ambassador to the United States, stated that "If we didn't get them this time, we'll get them the next time," indicating that surviving Hamas members would be targeted again. ^[49]
• Jordan: The foreign ministry called the strike a blatant violation of international law and the United Nations Charter, and a flagrant assault on the sovereignty and security of sisterly Qatar. ^[50]
• Kazakhstan: Kazakhstan called the strike "unacceptable" and against international law regardless of motives. ^[51]
• Kuwait: The foreign ministry expressed "its total support to Qatar in all the measures it would take to preserve its stability and sovereignty." ^[45]
• Lebanon: President Joseph Aoun described the attack as part of a series of Israeli aggressions undermining regional stability. ^[52]
• Libya: Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibah called the strike a "cowardly aggression" and called on the international community to stop these "violations". ^[53]
• Malaysia: Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim said the attack "recklessly endangers civilian lives, strikes at the very heart of a sovereign capital, and threatens to inflame an already fragile region." ^[54]
• Maldives: The Maldives condemned the "cowardly" Israeli attack, calling it "a serious violation of international law and a blatant infringement on the sovereignty and territorial integrity of a sovereign nation." ^[39]
• Mauritania: Mauritania stated the strike constituted a "flagrant violation of international conventions and laws" and called on the international community to "deal firmly and strictly with this aggression." ^[55]
• Morocco: The foreign ministry said that it "strongly condemns the blatant Israeli aggression" and expressed "full support" for Qatar. ^{[56] [40]}
• Oman: Oman expressed its "full solidarity with the State of Qatar and its leadership, government, and people" and strongly denounced the "heinous attack" launched by Israel on Qatari territory. ^[57]
• Pakistan: Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif called the strike "totally unjustified, a brazen violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Qatar and constitutes a most dangerous provocation that could imperil regional peace and stability." ^[56]
• Palestine: Vice President Hussein al-Sheikh said "we strongly condemn the heinous Israeli attack targeting the sisterly State of Qatar." ^[40]
• Philippines: Without acknowledging that the airstrike was conducted by Israel, the Department of Foreign Affairs said it "deplores the attack in Doha which is a grave violation of international law, particularly the fundamental principles of sovereignty and territorial integrity enshrined in the United Nations Charter." It also called on "parties to the conflict in Gaza to agree to an immediate and permanent ceasefire, uphold their obligations under international humanitarian law, ensure the protection of civilians, and work towards a just, lasting, and comprehensive peace in the Middle East." ^[58]
• Qatar: Qatar condemned the airstrike, calling it a "cowardly Israeli attack" and a violation of international law and sovereignty. ^[28] It described the attack as "State terrorism". ^[51]
• Russia: The Foreign Ministry condemned the attack, calling it a "gross violation" of international law that undermines efforts to end the war in Gaza. ^[59]
• Saudi Arabia: The foreign ministry condemned the strike as a flagrant violation of Qatar's sovereignty and called on the international community to "put a stop to Israel's violations." ^[10]
• Spain: The foreign ministry condemned the strikes, saying they violate "Qatari territorial sovereignty" in a "flagrant breach of international law," calling for "an immediate end to violence and a return to diplomatic negotiations." ^[46]
• Syria: The foreign ministry expressed "its strong condemnation of the Israeli aggression targeting the Qatari capital, Doha, and affirms its full solidarity with the State of Qatar, its leadership, government and people." ^[51]
• Sudan: Sudan called the attack "a blatant violation of Qatar's territorial integrity and national sovereignty" which "undermines ongoing efforts to achieve security and stability in the region." ^[53]
• Turkey: The Foreign Ministry condemned the strikes, describing them as "evidence of Israel's expansionist policies and its adoption of terrorism of state strategy." ^[60]
• United Arab Emirates: Foreign Minister Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan called Israel's strike "an irresponsible escalation that threatens regional and international security." ^[10] The UAE President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed arrived in Qatar a day after the attack in a show of solidarity. ^[61]
• United Kingdom: Prime Minister Keir Starmer said that the strikes "violate Qatar's sovereignty and risk further escalation in the region." ^[46]
• United States: President Donald Trump condemned Netanyahu, stating that he was "very unhappy about every aspect" of the attack and was notified "unfortunately, too late to stop the attack" and that "unilaterally bombing inside Qatar, a sovereign nation and close ally of the United States, that is working very hard and bravely taking risks with us to broker peace, does not advance Israel or America's goals," although he said that "eliminating Hamas, who have profited off the misery of those living in Gaza, is a worthy goal." ^{[62] [26]} White House Press Secretary Karoline Leavitt said that Trump "views Qatar as a strong ally and friend of the United States, and feels very badly about the location of the attack," and added that he spoke to the Qatari Emir and thanked him for Qatar's "support and friendship to our country," assuring them that "such a thing will not happen again on their soil." ^[63]
• Vatican City: Pope Leo XIV called the strike a "very serious situation." ^[64]

Non-state actors

• Hamas: In a statement, Hamas said that "we confirm the enemy's failure to assassinate our brothers in the negotiating delegation" and that the strike "confirms beyond doubt that Netanyahu and his government do not want to reach any agreement" for peace. It also stated that "we hold the U.S. administration jointly responsible with the occupation for this crime, due to its ongoing support for the aggression and crimes of the occupation against our people." ^[24]
• Hezbollah: Hezbollah condemned the strike as a "cowardly crime" which "only proves the evil and shamelessness of the Zionist entity, which is revealing to the world a new level of criminality and its disregard for all international laws and norms." ^[1]
• Houthis: Mahdi al-Mashat, head of the Houthi Supreme Political Council, said that Arab and Muslim countries must "pay attention" to Israel's plans before it's too late, and that "what happened in Doha will happen again and more in the rest of the countries if we do not all unite in confronting the Zionist threat." ^[40]
• Kurdistan Region: The Presidency announced its "full support for Qatar" in a statement saying "we strongly condemn today's Israeli attack on Doha, which puts the security and stability of the region at risk. We fully and firmly support efforts to prevent such actions and call on the international community to take every possible step to stop them and to restore peace and stability to the region." ^[65]

Intergovernmental organizations

• African Union: The chairperson of the African Union Commission, Mahamoud Ali Youssouf, condemned the attack, saying that it "risks endangering an already fragile situation in the Middle East". ^[51]
• Arab League: The Arab League condemned the attack, stating that Israel's "behavior has now gone beyond all established international norms and every principle of international law, placing a clear responsibility on the international community to deal with a state that mocks the law and disregards the consequences of its shameful actions." ^[45]
• European Union: The EU condemned the "air strike by Israel against Hamas leaders in Doha" as it "breaches international law and Qatar's territorial integrity, and risks a further escalation of violence in the region." ^[40]
• Gulf Cooperation Council: The GCC condemned "in the strongest terms the despicable and cowardly operation carried out by the Israeli occupation forces on the territory of the sisterly State of Qatar." ^[51]
• United Nations: Secretary-General António Guterres condemned "this flagrant violation of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Qatar," and praised Qatar as "a country that has been playing a very positive role to achieve a ceasefire and release of all hostages." ^[20]

See also

• 2025 Iranian strikes on Al Udeid Air Base – Previous attack on Qatar months earlier
• 2025 Ramot Junction shooting – Happened a day before the strike
• Assassination of Mahmoud Al-Mabhouh – Occurred in the United Arab Emirates

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