India has many regional film centres, such as Bollywood (Hindi) in Mumbai, Telugu cinema (Tollywood) in Hyderabad, Marathi cinema in Pune, Tamil cinema in Chennai, Malayalam cinema in Kochi, Kannada cinema in Bangalore, Odia Cinema in Bhubaneswar, Assamese cinema in Guwahati, Punjabi cinema in Mohali and Bengali cinema in Kolkata . Most Indian film directors are known for their work with one regional industry, while many others are active directors of films from multiple industries.
Parallel Cinema is otherwise known as "Art films" cinema, and is known for its serious and realistic films with real-life situations. In the 1960s and 1970s, the Indian government financed a number of such films, on Indian themes. Many of the directors were graduates of the Film and Television Institute of India, Pune. Ritwik Ghatak was a professor at the institute and a well-known director in his own right. The best-known Indian "neo-realist" is Satyajit Ray.
The following is a list of film directors who have directed films from more than one regional film industry in India. This does not include directors who work in a single industry whose films have been dubbed into other languages.
DIRECTOR | Assamese | Bengali | Bhojpuri | English | Gujarati | Hindi | Kannada | Malayalam | Marathi | Maithili | Odia | Punjabi | Tamil | Telugu |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ram Gopal Varma | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||||||||
K. Raghavendra Rao | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
Dasari Narayana Rao | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||||||||||
S. S. Rajamouli | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||||
Mrinal Sen | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
Puri Jagannadh | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||||||||
S. Shankar | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||||||||||
Bharathan | Yes | |||||||||||||
Basu Bhattacharya | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||||
Gautham Vasudev Menon | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||||||||||
Girish Karnad | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||||
Girish Kasaravalli | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||||
Mani Ratnam | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
Rituparno Ghosh | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||||||||||
Sumitra Bhave–Sunil Sukthankar | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||||
AR Murugadoss | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||||||||||
Puttanna Kanagal | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||||
Satish Rajwade | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||||
Sachin Kundalkar | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||||
Shonali Bose | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||||
Prasanta Nanda | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||||||||||
Hara Patnaik | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||||||||||
Siddique | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||||||||||
Sunil Kumar Desai | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||||
Mahesh Manjrekar | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||||
Upendra | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||
Nagraj Manjule | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||||
Om Raut | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||||
Anup Bhandari | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||||||||
Laxman Utekar | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||||
Srijit Mukherji | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||||
Shaji N Karun | Yes | Yes |
Mari Selvaraj
Meghe Dhaka Tara is a 1960 film written and directed by Ritwik Ghatak, based on a social novel by Shaktipada Rajguru with the same title. It stars Supriya Choudhury, Anil Chatterjee, Gita Dey, Bijon Bhattacharya, Niranjan Roy, and Gyanesh Mukherjee. It was part of a trilogy consisting of Meghe Dhaka Tara (1960), Komal Gandhar (1961), and Subarnarekha (1962), all dealing with the aftermath of the Partition of Bengal during the Partition of India in 1947 and the refugees coping with it.
South Asian cinema refers to the cinema of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The broader terms Asian cinema, Eastern cinema and Oriental cinema in common usage often encompass South Asia as well as East Asia and Southeast Asia.
Indian cinematographers work in a number of regional film centres: Mumbai for films in Marathi and Hindi, Hyderabad for Telugu films, Chennai for Tamil films, Kochi for films in Malayalam, Kolkata for Bengali films, Bangalore for Kannada films, etc. Most Indian cinematographers are known for their work with one regional industry. Some cinematographers belong to various professional organisations and trade unions.
Parallel cinema, or New Indian Cinema, is a film movement in Indian cinema that originated in the state of West Bengal in the 1950s as an alternative to the mainstream commercial Indian cinema.
Jukti Takko Aar Gappo is a 1974 Bengali film directed by auteur of Indian cinema Ritwik Ghatak. Jukti Takko Aar Gappo was Ritwik Ghatak's last film. The film was believed to have a cinematography way ahead of its time. The film won National Film Award's Rajat Kamal Award for Best Story in 1974.
Mrigayaa is a 1976 Indian Hindi-language period action drama film directed by Mrinal Sen and produced by K. Rajeshwara Rao. Based on Shikaar, an Odia short story by Bhagbati Charan Panigrahi, it stars Mithun Chakraborty and Mamata Shankar, both making their cinematic debuts through the film.
Cinema of West Bengal, also known as Tollywood or Bengali cinema, is the segment of Indian cinema, dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Bengali language widely spoken in the state of West Bengal. It is based in the Tollygunge region of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. The origins of the nickname Tollywood, a portmanteau of the words Tollygunge and Hollywood, dates back to 1932. It was a historically important film industry, at one time the centre of Indian film production. The Bengali film industry is known for producing many of Indian cinema's most critically acclaimed global Parallel Cinema and art films, with several of its filmmakers gaining prominence at the Indian National Film Awards as well as international acclaim.
Meghe Dhaka Tara is a 2013 Indian Bengali film directed by Kamaleswar Mukherjee and made under Shree Venkatesh Films banners. The film is inspired by the life and works of Bengali film director Ritwik Ghatak. The entire film is in black and white except the last scene which has been shot in colour. In this film Saswata Chatterjee plays the character of Nilkantha Bagchi and Ananya Chatterjee plays the role of Durga, Nilkantha's wife. The film was released on 14 June 2013. Besides giving an account of Ghatak's life, the film also depicts the socio-political environment of contemporary West Bengal during the Tebhaga and Naxalite movements.
Kichhhu Sanlap Kichhu Pralap is a 1999 Indian Bengali drama film directed and produced by Ashoke Viswanathan, starting Ashoke Viswanathan, Sanjiban Guha and Nandini Ghosal in the lead roles. Screenplay written by Ashoke Viswanathan collaboratively with Shankar Bhaterjee, Prhalad Chattopadhay and Mrinmoy nandi.
Aaptudu is a 2004 Indian Telugu-language action film directed by Muthyala Subbaiah starring Rajasekhar and Anjala Zhaveri. The film is a remake of Ghatak (1996).