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This is a list of women's firsts noting the first time that a woman or women achieved a given historical feat. A shorthand phrase for this development is "breaking the gender barrier" or "breaking the glass ceiling." [1] [2] Other terms related to the glass ceiling can be used for specific fields related to those terms, such as "breaking the brass ceiling" for women in the military and "breaking the stained glass ceiling" for women clergy. [3] [4] Inclusion on the list is reserved for achievements by women that have significant historical impact.
| Date | Name | Milestone |
|---|---|---|
| June 4, 1784 | Élisabeth Thible | First known woman to ride in a hot air balloon. [5] [6] [7] |
| 1805 | Sophie Blanchard | First woman to pilot a hot air balloon. [8] |
| March 8, 1910 | Raymonde de Laroche | First woman to receive a pilot's license. [9] |
| September 16, 1910 | Bessica Faith Raiche | First woman in the United States accredited with flying solo in an airplane. |
| 1910–1911 | Lilian Bland | First woman in the world to design, build, and fly an aircraft. [10] [11] |
| 1912 | Harriet Quimby | First woman to fly across the English Channel. [12] |
| 1912 | Rayna Kasabova | First woman to participate in a military flight during the Siege of Odrin. |
| 1914 | Eugenie Mikhailovna Shakhovskaya | First woman commissioned as a military pilot; she flew reconnaissance missions for the Czar in 1914. [13] [14] |
| 1915 | Marie Marvingt | First woman to fly a fighter plane in combat. [15] [16] |
| 1930 | Amy Johnson | First woman to fly from Britain to Australia. [17] |
| 1932 | Amelia Earhart | First woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. [18] |
| 1933 | Lotfia ElNadi | First African woman and first Arab woman to earn a pilot's license. |
| 1937 | Sabiha Gökçen | The first military woman to fly combat missions. |
| 1948 | Daisy Pon | The first woman aeronautical engineering graduate in Canada. A graduate of the University of Toronto. [19] |
| October 17, 1951 | Touria Chaoui | The first Moroccan and Maghrebi female pilot [20] |
| May 18, 1953 | Jacqueline Cochran | First woman to break the sound barrier. [21] |
| 1957 | Jackie Moggridge | First woman to become a British airline captain. [22] |
| June 16, 1963 | Valentina Tereshkova | First woman in space. [23] |
| 1963 | Betty Miller | First female pilot to fly solo across the Pacific Ocean. [24] |
| 1964 | Jerrie Mock | First woman to fly solo around the world. [25] |
| 1964 | Joan Merriam Smith |
|
| 1973 | Rosella Bjornson | First female pilot for a commercial airline in North America |
| 1976 | Emily Howell Warner | First woman to become an American airline captain. [26] [27] |
| 1978 | Judy Cameron | First female pilot hired to fly for a major Canadian carrier (Air Canada). [28] |
| 1984 | Svetlana Savitskaya | First woman to space walk. [29] |
| 1991 | Sony Rana | Nepal's first licensed female commercial airline pilot. [30] [31] |
| February 1995 | Eileen Collins | First female Space Shuttle commander. [32] |
| 2004 | Irene Koki Mutungi | First African woman to qualify to captain a commercial aircraft; she qualified to command the Boeing 737. [33] |
| 2005 | Hanadi Zakaria al-Hindi | First Saudi woman to become a commercial airline pilot. [34] |
| September 18, 2006 | Anousheh Ansari | First female space tourist. [35] |
| 2009 | Patricia Mawuli Nyekodzi | Ghana's first female civilian pilot, and the first woman in West Africa certified to build and maintain Rotax engines. [36] |
| 2014 | Nicola Scaife | Winner of the first women's hot air balloon world championship, which was held in Poland. [37] |
| 2015 | Dalia | Iraq's first female commercial airline pilot. [38] |
| 2015 | Ouma Laouali | Niger's first female pilot. [39] |
| 2023 | Vanessa Hudson | First woman to lead Qantas Airways. [40] |
| 2024 | Mitsuko Tottori | First woman to lead Japan Airlines, where she began her career as a flight attendant in 1985. [41] |
| Year | Name | Milestone |
|---|---|---|
| c. 1239 | Bettisia Gozzadini | First woman to teach at a university (lectured in law at the University of Bologna) |
| 1384 | Katherine, Lady Berkeley | Founded Katharine Lady Berkeley's School, the first founded by a layperson, the first founded by a woman, and the first to offer free education to anyone. [42] |
| 1608 | Juliana Morell | First woman to earn a doctorate degree. [43] |
| 1678 | Elena Cornaro Piscopia | First woman to earn a Philosophy doctorate degree. [44] [45] |
| 1732 | Laura Bassi | First woman to officially teach at a European university. [46] [47] [48] |
| 1874 | Grace Annie Lockhart | First woman in the British Empire to receive a Bachelor's degree |
| 1875 | Stefania Wolicka-Arnd | First woman to receive a PhD in the modern era. [49] [50] |
| 1891 | Juana Miranda | Ecuador's first female university professor. [51] |
| 1912 | Anna Jane McKeag | First woman president of Wilson College |
| 1935 | Kate Galt Zaneis | First woman president of a public college or university (Southeastern Normal College now Southeastern Oklahoma State) |
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Historic firsts for women as heads of state or government:
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Princess Eugenie M. Shakhovskaya was Russia's first woman military pilot. Served with the 1st Field Air Squadron. Unknown if she actually flew any combat missions, and she was ultimately charged with treason and attempting to flee to enemy lines. Sentenced to death by firing squad, sentence commuted to life imprisonment by the Tsar, freed during the Revolution, became chief executioner for Gen. Tchecka and drug addict, shot one of her assistants in a narcotic delerium and was herself shot.
In Russia, Princess Eugenie Shakhovskaya is the first female military pilot. She flies reconnaissance missions.
In 1915, Marvingt became the first woman in the world to fly combat missions when she became a volunteer pilot flying bombing missions over German-held territory and she received the Croix de Guerre (Military Cross) for her aerial bombing of a German military base in Metz.
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