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This is a list of women's firsts noting the first time that a woman or women achieved a given historical feat. A shorthand phrase for this development is "breaking the gender barrier" or "breaking the glass ceiling." [1] [2] Other terms related to the glass ceiling can be used for specific fields related to those terms, such as "breaking the brass ceiling" for women in the military and "breaking the stained glass ceiling" for women clergy. [3] [4] Inclusion on the list is reserved for achievements by women that have significant historical impact.
Date | Name | Milestone |
---|---|---|
June 4, 1784 | Élisabeth Thible | First known woman to ride in a hot air balloon. [5] [6] [7] |
1805 | Sophie Blanchard | First woman to pilot a hot air balloon. [8] |
March 8, 1910 | Raymonde de Laroche | First woman to receive a pilot's license. [9] |
1910–1911 | Lilian Bland | First woman in the world to design, build, and fly an aircraft. [10] [11] |
1912 | Harriet Quimby | First woman to fly across the English Channel. [12] |
1912 | Rayna Kasabova | First woman to participate in a military flight during the Siege of Odrin. |
1914 | Eugenie Mikhailovna Shakhovskaya | First woman commissioned as a military pilot; she flew reconnaissance missions for the Czar in 1914. [13] [14] |
1915 | Marie Marvingt | First woman to fly a fighter plane in combat. [15] [16] |
1930 | Amy Johnson | First woman to fly from Britain to Australia. [17] |
1932 | Amelia Earhart | First woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. [18] |
1933 | Lotfia ElNadi | First African woman and first Arab woman to earn a pilot's license. |
1937 | Sabiha Gökçen | The first military woman to fly combat missions. |
October 17, 1951 | Touria Chaoui | The first Moroccan and Maghrebi female pilot [19] |
May 18, 1953 | Jacqueline Cochran | First woman to break the sound barrier. [20] |
1957 | Jackie Moggridge | First woman to become a British airline captain. [21] |
June 16, 1963 | Valentina Tereshkova | First woman in space. [22] |
1963 | Betty Miller | First female pilot to fly solo across the Pacific Ocean. [23] |
1964 | Jerrie Mock | First woman to fly solo around the world. [24] |
1964 | Joan Merriam Smith | Joan was the first person in history to fly solo around the world at the equator, the first person to complete the longest single solo flight around the world, the first woman to fly a twin-engine aircraft around the world, the first woman to fly the Pacific Ocean from west to east in a twin-engine plane, the first woman to receive an airline transport rating at the age of 23, and the youngest woman to complete a solo flight around the world. |
1973 | Rosella Bjornson | First female pilot for a commercial airline in North America |
1976 | Emily Howell Warner | First woman to become an American airline captain. [25] [26] |
1978 | Judy Cameron | First female pilot hired to fly for a major Canadian carrier (Air Canada). [27] |
1984 | Svetlana Savitskaya | First woman to space walk. [28] |
1991 | Sony Rana | Nepal's first licensed female commercial airline pilot. [29] [30] |
February 1995 | Eileen Collins | First female Space Shuttle commander. [31] |
2004 | Irene Koki Mutungi, from Kenya | First African woman to qualify to captain a commercial aircraft; she qualified to command the Boeing 737. [32] |
2005 | Hanadi Zakaria al-Hindi | First Saudi woman to become a commercial airline pilot. [33] |
September 18, 2006 | Anousheh Ansari | First female space tourist. [34] |
2009 | Patricia Mawuli Nyekodzi | Ghana's first female civilian pilot, and the first woman in West Africa certified to build and maintain Rotax engines. [35] |
2014 | Nicola Scaife, from Australia | Winner of the first women's hot air balloon world championship, which was held in Poland. [36] |
2015 | Dalia | Iraq's first female commercial airline pilot. [37] |
2015 | Ouma Laouali | Niger's first female pilot. [38] |
Year | Name | Milestone |
---|---|---|
c. 1239 | Bettisia Gozzadini | First woman to teach at a university (lectured in law at the University of Bologna) |
1384 | Katherine, Lady Berkeley | Founded Katharine Lady Berkeley's School, the first founded by a layperson, the first founded by a woman, and the first to offer free education to anyone. [39] |
1608 | Juliana Morell | First woman to earn a doctorate degree. [40] |
1678 | Elena Cornaro Piscopia | First woman to earn a Philosophy doctorate degree. [41] [42] |
1732 | Laura Bassi | First woman to officially teach at a European university. [43] [44] [45] |
1874 | Grace Annie Lockhart | First woman in the British Empire to receive a Bachelor's degree |
1875 | Stefania Wolicka-Arnd | First woman to receive a PhD in the modern era. [46] [47] |
1891 | Juana Miranda | Ecuador's first female university professor. [48] |
1912 | Anna Jane McKeag | First woman president of Wilson College |
1935 | Kate Galt Zaneis | First woman president of a public college or university (Southeastern Normal College now Southeastern Oklahoma State) |
Historic firsts for women as heads of state or government:
The Pritzker Architecture Prize is an international architecture award presented annually "to honor a living architect or architects whose built work demonstrates a combination of those qualities of talent, vision and commitment which has produced consistent and significant contributions to humanity and the built environment through the art of architecture.” Founded in 1979 by Jay A. Pritzker and his wife Cindy, the award is funded by the Pritzker family and sponsored by the Hyatt Foundation. It is considered to be one of the world's premier architecture prizes, and is often referred to as the Nobel Prize of architecture.
Alice Ann Munro was a Canadian short story writer who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2013. Her work tends to move forward and backward in time, with integrated short fiction cycles.
Dame Susan Jocelyn Bell Burnell is an astrophysicist from Northern Ireland who, as a postgraduate student, discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967. The discovery eventually earned the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1974; however, she was not one of the prize's recipients.
Andrea Mia Ghez is an American astrophysicist, Nobel laureate, and professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Lauren B. Leichtman & Arthur E. Levine chair in Astrophysics, at the University of California, Los Angeles. Her research focuses on the center of the Milky Way galaxy.
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Katinka Hosszú is a Hungarian competitive swimmer specialized in individual medley events. She is a three-time Olympic champion and a nine-time long-course world champion. She is the owner of a Budapest-based swim school and swim club called Iron Swim Budapest, and a co-owner and captain of Team Iron, founding member of the International Swimming League.
Tawakkol Abdel-Salam Khalid Karman is a Yemeni Nobel Laureate, journalist, politician, and human rights activist. She leads the group "Women Journalists Without Chains," which she co-founded in 2005. She became the international public face of the 2011 Yemeni uprising that was part of the Arab Spring uprisings. In 2011, she was reportedly called the "Iron Woman" and "Mother of the Revolution" by some Yemenis. She is a co-recipient of the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize, becoming the first Yemeni, the first Arab woman, and the second Muslim woman to win a Nobel Prize.
Kathleen Genevieve Ledecky is an American competitive swimmer. She has won seven Olympic gold medals and 21 world championship gold medals, the most in history for a female swimmer. She has won a world record 16 individual gold medals at the World Aquatics Championships. Ledecky's six individual gold medals at the Olympics and 26 overall medals at the World Aquatics Championships are records in women's swimming. Ledecky is the world record holder in the women's 800- and 1500-meter freestyle as well as the former world record holder in the women's 400-meter freestyle. She also holds the fastest-ever times in the women's 500-, 1000-, and 1650-yard freestyle events. She is widely regarded as the greatest female swimmer of all time and one of the greatest Olympians of all time.
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Princess Eugenie M. Shakhovskaya was Russia's first woman military pilot. Served with the 1st Field Air Squadron. Unknown if she actually flew any combat missions, and she was ultimately charged with treason and attempting to flee to enemy lines. Sentenced to death by firing squad, sentence commuted to life imprisonment by the Tsar, freed during the Revolution, became chief executioner for Gen. Tchecka and drug addict, shot one of her assistants in a narcotic delerium and was herself shot.
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