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This is a list of women's firsts noting the first time that a woman or women achieved a given historical feat. A shorthand phrase for this development is "breaking the gender barrier" or "breaking the glass ceiling." [1] [2] Other terms related to the glass ceiling can be used for specific fields related to those terms, such as "breaking the brass ceiling" for women in the military and "breaking the stained glass ceiling" for women clergy. [3] [4] Inclusion on the list is reserved for achievements by women that have significant historical impact.
Date | Name | Milestone |
---|---|---|
June 4, 1784 | Élisabeth Thible | First known woman to ride in a hot air balloon. [5] [6] [7] |
1805 | Sophie Blanchard | First woman to pilot a hot air balloon. [8] |
March 8, 1910 | Raymonde de Laroche | First woman to receive a pilot's license. [9] |
1910–1911 | Lilian Bland | First woman in the world to design, build, and fly an aircraft. [10] [11] |
1912 | Harriet Quimby | First woman to fly across the English Channel. [12] |
1912 | Rayna Kasabova | First woman to participate in a military flight during the Siege of Odrin. |
1914 | Eugenie Mikhailovna Shakhovskaya | First woman commissioned as a military pilot; she flew reconnaissance missions for the Czar in 1914. [13] [14] |
1915 | Marie Marvingt | First woman to fly a fighter plane in combat. [15] [16] |
1930 | Amy Johnson | First woman to fly from Britain to Australia. [17] |
1932 | Amelia Earhart | First woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. [18] |
1933 | Lotfia ElNadi | First African woman and first Arab woman to earn a pilot's license. |
1937 | Sabiha Gökçen | The first military woman to fly combat missions. |
October 17, 1951 | Touria Chaoui | The first Moroccan and Maghrebi female pilot [19] |
May 18, 1953 | Jacqueline Cochran | First woman to break the sound barrier. [20] |
1957 | Jackie Moggridge | First woman to become a British airline captain. [21] |
June 16, 1963 | Valentina Tereshkova | First woman in space. [22] |
1963 | Betty Miller | First female pilot to fly solo across the Pacific Ocean. [23] |
1964 | Jerrie Mock | First woman to fly solo around the world. [24] |
1964 | Joan Merriam Smith | Joan was the first person in history to fly solo around the world at the equator, the first person to complete the longest single solo flight around the world, the first woman to fly a twin-engine aircraft around the world, the first woman to fly the Pacific Ocean from west to east in a twin-engine plane, the first woman to receive an airline transport rating at the age of 23, and the youngest woman to complete a solo flight around the world. |
1973 | Rosella Bjornson | First female pilot for a commercial airline in North America |
1976 | Emily Howell Warner | First woman to become an American airline captain. [25] [26] |
1978 | Judy Cameron | First female pilot hired to fly for a major Canadian carrier (Air Canada). [27] |
1984 | Svetlana Savitskaya | First woman to space walk. [28] |
1991 | Sony Rana | Nepal's first licensed female commercial airline pilot. [29] [30] |
February 1995 | Eileen Collins | First female Space Shuttle commander. [31] |
2004 | Irene Koki Mutungi, from Kenya | First African woman to qualify to captain a commercial aircraft; she qualified to command the Boeing 737. [32] |
2005 | Hanadi Zakaria al-Hindi | First Saudi woman to become a commercial airline pilot. [33] |
September 18, 2006 | Anousheh Ansari | First female space tourist. [34] |
2009 | Patricia Mawuli Nyekodzi | Ghana's first female civilian pilot, and the first woman in West Africa certified to build and maintain Rotax engines. [35] |
2014 | Nicola Scaife, from Australia | Winner of the first women's hot air balloon world championship, which was held in Poland. [36] |
2015 | Dalia | Iraq's first female commercial airline pilot. [37] |
2015 | Ouma Laouali | Niger's first female pilot. [38] |
1866: Lucy Hobbs Taylor, first American woman to earn a doctorate in dentistry. [39]
Born Lucy Hobbs on March 14, 1833, in Constable, New York. She was initially denied admission to dental school, then began private study with a professor from the Ohio College of Dental Surgery. In November 1865, she entered the Ohio College of Dental Surgery, where in 1866 she earned her doctorate in dentistry, becoming the first woman in the United States to do so. She married James Taylor and he followed her into the practice of dentistry. The two moved to Lawrence, Kansas, where they practiced together until her husband's death in 1886. She retired and became active in women's rights, and died in 1910.
Year | Name | Milestone |
---|---|---|
c. 1239 | Bettisia Gozzadini | First woman to teach at a university (lectured in law at the University of Bologna) |
1384 | Katherine, Lady Berkeley | Founded Katharine Lady Berkeley's School, the first founded by a layperson, the first founded by a woman, and the first to offer free education to anyone. [40] |
1608 | Juliana Morell | First woman to earn a doctorate degree. [41] |
1678 | Elena Cornaro Piscopia | First woman to earn a Philosophy doctorate degree. [42] [43] |
1732 | Laura Bassi | First woman to officially teach at a European university. [44] [45] [46] |
1874 | Grace Annie Lockhart | First woman in the British Empire to receive a Bachelor's degree |
1875 | Stefania Wolicka-Arnd | First woman to receive a PhD in the modern era. [47] [48] |
1891 | Juana Miranda | Ecuador's first female university professor. [49] |
1912 | Anna Jane McKeag | First woman president of Wilson College |
1935 | Kate Galt Zaneis | First woman president of a public college or university (Southeastern Normal College now Southeastern Oklahoma State) |
Historic firsts for women as heads of state or government:
The Pritzker Architecture Prize is an international architecture award presented annually "to honor a living architect or architects whose built work demonstrates a combination of those qualities of talent, vision and commitment which has produced consistent and significant contributions to humanity and the built environment through the art of architecture.” Founded in 1979 by Jay A. Pritzker and his wife Cindy, the award is funded by the Pritzker family and sponsored by the Hyatt Foundation. It is considered to be one of the world's premier architecture prizes, and is often referred to as the Nobel Prize of architecture.
Alice Ann Munro was a Canadian short story writer who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2013. Her work is said to have revolutionized the architecture of the short story, especially in its tendency to move forward and backward in time, and with integrated short fiction cycles.
Dame Susan Jocelyn Bell Burnell is an astrophysicist from Northern Ireland who, as a postgraduate student, discovered the first radio pulsars in 1967. The discovery eventually earned the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1974; however, she was not one of the prize's recipients.
Andrea Mia Ghez is an American astrophysicist, Nobel laureate, and professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy and the Lauren B. Leichtman & Arthur E. Levine chair in Astrophysics, at the University of California, Los Angeles. Her research focuses on the center of the Milky Way galaxy.
Naoko Takahashi is a retired Japanese long-distance runner and Olympic gold medal-winning marathoner. She won the gold medal in the marathon at the 2000 Sydney Olympics, and at the 2001 Berlin Marathon she became the first woman to complete a marathon in under 2 hours and 20 minutes.
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This article discusses women who have made an important contribution to the field of physics.
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Sally Jepkosgei Kipyego is a Kenyan-born American long- and middle-distance runner. She was the silver medalist in the 10,000 metres at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics and the silver medalist in the same race at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. She has a personal record of 30:38.35 minutes for that event and her 5000 metres best of 14:30.42 minutes makes her the second fastest Kenyan woman for the distance.
Kaillie Humphries is a Canadian-American bobsledder. Representing Canada, she was the 2010 and 2014 Olympic champion in the two-woman bobsled and the 2018 Olympic bronze medalist with brakewoman Phylicia George. With her victory in 2014, she became the first female bobsledder to defend her Olympic title and was named flagbearer for the Olympic closing ceremony with brakewoman Heather Moyse.
Anna Rose "Rosie" Napravnik is a former American Thoroughbred horse racing jockey and two-time winner of the Kentucky Oaks. Beginning her career in 2005, she was regularly ranked among the top jockeys in North America in both earnings and total races won. By 2014 she had been in the top 10 by earnings three years in a row and was the highest-ranked woman jockey in North America. In 2011, she won the Louisiana Derby for her first time and was ninth in the 2011 Kentucky Derby with the horse Pants on Fire. In 2012 she broke the total wins and earnings record for a woman jockey previously held by Julie Krone, and became the first woman rider to win the Kentucky Oaks, riding Believe You Can. She won the Oaks for a second time in 2014 on Untapable. She is only the second woman jockey to win a Breeders' Cup race and the first to win more than one, having won the 2012 Breeders' Cup Juvenile on Shanghai Bobby and the 2014 Breeders' Cup Distaff on Untapable. Napravnik's fifth-place finish in the 2013 Kentucky Derby and third in the 2013 Preakness Stakes on Mylute are the best finishes for a woman jockey in those two Triple Crown races to date, and she is the only woman to have ridden in all three Triple Crown races.
Tawakkol Abdel-Salam Khalid Karman is a Yemeni Nobel Laureate, journalist, politician, and human rights activist. She leads the group "Women Journalists Without Chains," which she co-founded in 2005. She became the international public face of the 2011 Yemeni uprising that was part of the Arab Spring uprisings. In 2011, she was reportedly called the "Iron Woman" and "Mother of the Revolution" by some Yemenis. She is a co-recipient of the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize, becoming the first Yemeni, the first Arab woman, and the second Muslim woman to win a Nobel Prize.
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This is a timeline of women in science in the United States.
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This is a timeline of women in science, spanning from ancient history up to the 21st century. While the timeline primarily focuses on women involved with natural sciences such as astronomy, biology, chemistry and physics, it also includes women from the social sciences and the formal sciences, as well as notable science educators and medical scientists. The chronological events listed in the timeline relate to both scientific achievements and gender equality within the sciences.
The following is a timeline of transgender history. Transgender history dates back to the first recorded instances of transgender individuals in ancient civilizations. However, the word transgenderism did not exist until 1965 when coined by psychiatrist John F. Oliven of Columbia University in his 1965 reference work Sexual Hygiene and Pathology; the timeline includes events and personalities that may be viewed as transgender in the broadest sense, including third gender and other gender-variant behavior, including ancient or modern precursors from the historical record.
Princess Eugenie M. Shakhovskaya was Russia's first woman military pilot. Served with the 1st Field Air Squadron. Unknown if she actually flew any combat missions, and she was ultimately charged with treason and attempting to flee to enemy lines. Sentenced to death by firing squad, sentence commuted to life imprisonment by the Tsar, freed during the Revolution, became chief executioner for Gen. Tchecka and drug addict, shot one of her assistants in a narcotic delerium and was herself shot.
In Russia, Princess Eugenie Shakhovskaya is the first female military pilot. She flies reconnaissance missions.
In 1915, Marvingt became the first woman in the world to fly combat missions when she became a volunteer pilot flying bombing missions over German-held territory and she received the Croix de Guerre (Military Cross) for her aerial bombing of a German military base in Metz.
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