Evolution of the Tianjin MetroMetro sign at Yingkoudao station
The Tianjin Metro or Tianjin Rail Transit is the rapid transit system in the city of Tianjin,which was the second city in mainland China after Beijing to operate a subway system (the Beijing Subway opened in 1971). First opened in 1984,the system currently has 11 operating lines and 222 stations spanning 301km (187.0mi).
Tianjin,as an inland harbor of China,has long been a major commercial city. After the founding of the People's Republic in 1949,the number of vehicles on the roads significantly increased,causing pollution. To overcome these problems,the transport authority decided to close the old tram network and switch over to a rapid transit system.
However,due to cost,it was not until 1970 that construction of the system first took place. The first section,spanning 3.6km (2.2mi) of track and 4 stations (Xinhualu,Yingkoudao,Anshandao and Haiguangsi),was completed by February 1976. Further construction was delayed due to an earthquake in 1976.[3] The second section,with an additional 1.6km (0.99mi) of track and the Xinanjiao and Erweilu stations,was completed by 1980. After construction resumed,the total length was 7.4km (4.6mi),with 8 stations,[3] and service on the line began on 28 December 1984.
To reduce construction costs,the transport authority decided to use an abandoned canal bed to form part of the system,and did not dig deeply. By using the canal bed,the underground section is only 2–3 meters (6ft 7in–9ft 10in) under the street surface,and was the world's shallowest metro. There were only 1,000 full-time construction workers at that time;the others were volunteers from factories,schools and institutions all over the city. The average number of volunteer workers exceeded 2,000 a day,which rendered the project unique in the world then. Construction was delayed in 1976 when an earthquake hit the city,but was resumed in 1979 and completed by 1984.
At the end of the 1990s,it was observed that the Metro system was quite out of date. The atmosphere of the stations was uninviting,difficult to navigate,and with few passenger amenities on the platforms. Trains were infrequent,sporadic,and commonly delayed. The trains themselves were dilapidated,seat covers often torn off,and dim. Taking into consideration more modern,cleaner systems in East Asia,a massive reconstruction,modernization and expansion plan was laid out in 2000. In preparation,the system was closed on 1 September 2001,with renovation starting on 21 November of the same year. After purchasing new rolling stock,adding half-height platform screen doors and extending the line up to Shuanglin,the line re-opened on 6 December 2006 as Line 1,after trial testing that began on 12 June of that year.
During the renovation of the first line,other lines underwent construction. Line 9,operated by Binhai Mass Transit Development Co. Ltd,began construction in 2001[3] and its first section opened on 28 March 2004. Between 2004 and 2007,many new stations on the line opened successively. On 1 May 2011,the line was further extended westwards by 3 stations,bringing it to its current length of 52.8km (32.8mi). The Tram line in the system,the TEDA Modern Guided Rail Tram,was built to serve the Tianjin Economic Development Area and was opened on 10 May 2007. Line 2,after a lengthy construction delay and a structural accident,finally opened,as two separate sections,to the public on 1 July 2012,with the sections being reconnected on 28 August 2013. Line 3,another main north–south line,opened in October 2012.
Historically,the lines were jointly operated by two companies:the Tianjin Metro Group Co. operated lines 1,2,3,6,and 10,while the Binhai Mass Transit Development Co. operated lines 5 and 9. In 2017,the two companies were merged into the Tianjin Rail Transit Group Co. (TRT),unifying operations.
Line 1 is built upon the old surface-level line, and was opened in 2006. It is 42.227km (26.2mi) with 32 stations (currently 29 stations in operation). The old at-grade Shuanglin station was closed on 28 December 2016 and reopened as a new underground station on 3 December 2018. The old rolling stocks (DKZ9 Series) were replaced at the same time. Line 1's color is red.
Line 2 opened for trial operations on 1 July 2012. Due to a structural accident in Jianguodao Station, Line 2 was operated as two separate sections from July 2012 to 28 August 2013, when the affected station opened after being rebuilt. The line is 27.157km (16.875mi) long with 20 stations. Line 2's color is yellow.
Line 3, running southeast–northwest, opened on 1 October 2012. It is 33.7km (20.9mi) long with 26 stations. 20km (12mi) of track is underground, with 1.2km (0.75mi) at ground level and the rest on elevated viaducts. Of the 21 stations, one is elevated, one is at ground level and the other 19 are underground. Line 3's color is light blue.
The southern section of Line 4 will be 19.4km (12.1mi)[8] long. The southern section of Line 4 is opened in December 2021[9] from Dongnanjiao to Xinxingcun. Line 4's color is green.
Line 5 runs from Beichenkejiyuanbei to Liqizhuangnan with 28 stations. The line is 34.8km (21.6mi)[5][6] long with 28 stations. On 22 October 2018, the section from Danhebeidao to Zhongyiyifuyuan (26 stations) became operational. On 31 January 2019, the line was extended one station to Beichenkejiyuanbei. On 7 December 2021, the line was extended one station to Liqizhuangnan.[10] Line 5 and Line 6 forms a loop. It is run by Tianjin Binhai Mass Transit Development Co., Ltd, which becomes a subsidiary of Tianjin Rail Transit Group Corporation since 2017. Line 5's color is orange.
Line 6 runs from Nansunzhuang to Lushuidao with a total length of 42.6km (26.5mi). The section from Changhonggongyuan to Nancuiping opened on 6 August 2016. The section from Nansunzhuang to Changhonggongyuan opened on 31 December 2016. The section from Nancuiping to Meilinlu opened on 26 April 2018, and the section from Meilinlu to Lushuidao opened on 28 December 2021. Line 6's color is magenta.
Line 8, running from Lushuidao to Xianshuiguxi, opened on 28 December 2021. This line is also the first metro line in Tianjin to use Type A, GoA4 automated trains. Line 8's color is violet.
Line 9 is an east–west line running just north of the Haihe River. It runs from Tianjin railway station to Donghai Road station. It was opened in 2004, spanning 52.8km (32.8mi) with 21 stations. The line provides interchange to the TEDA Tram line. Line 9 was suspended after damage from the August 2015 explosions, and resumed operation on 16 December from Tianjin Railway Station to Tianjin Pipe Corporation Station. Now, the damaged part has been reopened, along with two new stations: Zhangguizhuang and Taihulu. The line is operated by Tianjin Binhai Mass Transit Development Co., Ltd, which becomes a subsidiary of Tianjin Rail Transit Group Corporation since 2017. Line 9's color is blue.
Line 11 will run from Shuishanggongyuanxilu to Dongliliujinglu. It is 22.6km long with 21 stations.[12][13] Eastern part of the phase 1 of line 11, from Dongjiangdao to Dongliliujinglu (11 stations) is opened in 28 December 2023.[7]
Jinjing Line
The Jinjing Line or Jinghai Suburban Railway is a 13.2km (8.2mi) long suburban line from the southern endpoint of Line 5 to Jinghai. This line is opened in 28 September 2024.[14] In a second phase, an extension and a branch are planned.
The TEDA Tram was a tram line that runs between TEDA and North of College District stations, mainly serving the Tianjin Economic Development Area (TEDA). It opened on 10 May 2007 and is 7.86km (4.88mi) long. It is run by Tianjin Binhai Mass Transit Development Co., Ltd, which becomes a subsidiary of Tianjin Rail Transit Group Corporation since 2017. TEDA Line's color is light green. TEDA Tram is finally closed service in 30 June 2023.
Rolling stock
There were older, box-type metro cars, built by Nippon Sharyo until the system was closed for reconstruction. After re-opening, 114 CNR Changchun Railway Vehicle Company Limited Rapid Train set Vehicle cars entered service & replaced the old ones. Unlike the old cars, the CNR cars contain air conditioning.[3]
Fares
Entrance to Xinanjiao station
Tianjin Metro uses magnetic smartcards. The fare is distance-based and ranges between 2 and 5 yuan.
One-way tickets are available at automatic ticket machines, where passengers can purchase up to 9 tickets. The tickets are only effective in three hours from purchase. A ticket can be purchased from the automatic ticket machine, and recycled by simply inserting it into the turnstile when leaving the station.
Common stored value ticket
Stored-value tickets can be repeatedly used for the regular subway passengers, the fare for each journey outbound passengers through the gates when the balance deducted from the stored-value tickets. Within one year of non-use of stored-value tickets as expired, outdated stored-value tickets available at the station free update procedures for handling customer service center. Common stored value ticket holders enjoy 10% off travel.
Student discount tickets and tickets for the elderly
All full-time students attending schools, technical secondary, craftsmen, and vocational schools with student ID issued by letter may purchase student tickets and enjoy a student discount.
Seniors between 60 and 69 years old with a "Tianjin old preference card" (green) can buy discounted senior tickets, seniors 70 years old and older, with a "Tianjin old preference card" (purple) may purchase specially discounted tickets.
City Card
The City Card is a non-contact type IC card transit card similar to the Yikatong card in Beijing. It is accepted in subway, light rail, bus, ferry and taxi transport. Since 28 December 2006, City Card has been accepted on the metro line 1. City Card holders can enjoy a discounted fare during transfers between modes. This is the most popular method for long-distance traveling. Ferryboat and bus fares are not distance based.
Unlimited ride
Period
Fare
1 day
18
3 days
40
Future expansion
The "Tianjin Metro Phase 2 construction plan", which is approved by the NDRC, consists 513km of lines total.[16]
Map of Tianjin Metro, including lines under construction. Updated in February 2021.
Line 7 started construction in 2019 and will run from Saidalu to Xifengdao. It is 26.53km long with 21 stations and runs north south.[12] The line will use six car Type A trains.[21]
A 39.3km (24.4mi) long metro line from Tianjin Binhai International Airport to Beitang station.[20] A western extension to Jinzhonghedajie station on Lines 5 and 6 is under planning.
Wuhan Metro is a rapid transit system serving the city of Wuhan, Hubei, China. Owned and operated by Wuhan Metro Group Co., Ltd., the network now includes 12 lines, 300 stations, and 486.3 km (302.2 mi) of track length. With 1.35 billion annual passengers in 2023, Wuhan Metro is the sixth-busiest rapid transit system in mainland China. There are a number of lines or sections under construction.
The Nanjing Metro is a rapid transit system serving the urban and suburban districts of Nanjing, the capital city of Jiangsu Province in the People's Republic of China.
The Chengdu Metro is the rapid transit system of Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan, China. With the opening of Line 1 on 27 September 2010, the system had thirteen subway lines and one light rail line. It has subsequently undergone rapid expansion. Since the opening of Lines 6, 8, 9, and 17 on 18 December 2020, the Chengdu Metro is the 4th longest metro system in the world.
Urban rail transit in China encompasses a broad range of urban and suburban electric passenger rail mass transit systems including subway, light rail, tram and maglev. Some classifications also include non-rail bus rapid transport.
The Shenyang Metro is a rapid transit system serving the city of Shenyang, Liaoning, China. It is the seventh operational subway system in Mainland China and the first in Northeast China.
Changchun Rail Transit, is the rapid transit and light rail system in the city of Changchun, Jilin Province, China. Its first line, Line 3, is the first true light rail line in Mainland China. The system consists of three light rail lines and three rapid transit lines.
TEDA Modern Guided Rail Tram was a Translohr Light Rail line in Tianjin Economic-Technological Development Area (TEDA). It was a modern, high-speed rubber-tyred tram line, the first in both China and Asia. The line was considered as part of the Tianjin Metro system. It was run by Tianjin Binhai Mass Transit Development Co., Ltd, which has been a subsidiary of Tianjin Rail Transit Group Corporation since 2017.
Zhengzhou Metro is a rapid transit rail network serving urban and suburban districts of Zhengzhou, the capital city of Henan province. It is operated by the state owned Zhengzhou Metro Group. As of December 2023, the network has 11 operational lines, with a network length of 344 km (213.8 mi) and 217 stations. Opened on 28 December 2013, it is the first metro system in Henan province, and 18th in mainland China.
Qingdao Metro is a rapid transit system in Qingdao, Shandong province, China. The first line, Line 3 began operation on December 16, 2015.
Line 1 of the Tianjin Metro runs from the north-west to the south-east of downtown Tianjin. It is 42.227 km (26.2 mi) in length with 32 stations.
Line 9 is a rapid transit line of the Tianjin Metro. It spans 52.8 km (32.8 mi) with 21 stations, connecting the urban area of Tianjin with Binhai New Area, a new area within the jurisdiction of Tianjin Municipality. The one-way journey time is approximately one hour.
Line 2 of the Tianjin Metro is a rapid transit line running from west to east Tianjin. Opened on 1 July 2012, the line is 27.157 km long and has 20 stations. It is mostly underground; all stations, with the exception of surface-level station Caozhuang, are underground.
The Foshan Metro is the rapid transit system of the city of Foshan in Guangdong, China. Guangfo line is operated by Guangzhou Metro Corporation, and all other lines are operated by the state-owned Foshan Metro Group. It is the tenth metro system to be built in mainland China. Construction began in 2002 and the first line opened on 3 November 2010. The metro system has one new line and one extension under construction.
The Fuzhou Metro is a rapid transit system in Fuzhou Metropolitan Area, Fujian Province, China. The first line was planned to open in 2014. Due to the construction difficulties and accidental archaeologic finding, the southern section was delayed to 2016 and the northern section was delayed to 2017. Currently, the Fuzhou Metro Network consists of five lines. They are operated by Fuzhou Metro Group, and Fuzhou CETC Rail Transit Company, respectively.
The Guiyang Metro is a rapid transit system in the city of Guiyang, Guizhou province, China. It is operated and branded as Guiyang Urban Rail Transit (GYURT).
Line 5 of the Tianjin Metro is a rapid transit line running semi-circular from north-west to south-west Tianjin. It is run by Tianjin Binhai Mass Transit Development Co., Ltd, which becomes a subsidiary of Tianjin Rail Transit Group Corporation since 2017.
Chengdu Tram Line 2 is a tram line in Chengdu, China. The line has a total length of 39.3 kilometres (24.4 mi) and 35 stations. It has a 'Y' layout and runs from the Chengdu West railway station to Pixian West railway station and Hongguang. The line was officially started in December 2015, and the 13.7 km (8.5 mi) demonstration section of the line was opened on 26 December 2018, and the remaining sections were opened on 27 December 2019.
Shanghai Rail Transit includes all rail transit lines operating in Shanghai, mainly composed of High-volume railway system, Low-to-medium-volume railway system and Maglev system. The system was established on May 28, 1993, when Shanghai Metro Line 1 opened.
Line 8 of the Tianjin Metro is a rapid transit line running from northwest to southeast Tianjin. The Phase I south section of line 8, which was originally called Line 6 Phase 2 during construction, was opened on 28 December 2021. The line is currently 13.42 km long and has 9 stations.
Line 10 of Tianjin Metro is a metro line in Tianjin, China.
References
1 2 2018年统计报告. China Rail Transit Association (中国城市轨道交通协会). 7 April 2019. Archived from the original on 4 April 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
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