Bali Urban Subway | |
---|---|
Overview | |
Native name | Moda Raya Terpadu (MRT) Bali [a] |
Area served | Denpasar metropolitan area [b] |
Locale | Bali, Indonesia |
Transit type | Rapid transit |
Number of lines | 2 (under construction) 2 (planned) |
Operation | |
Began operation | Est 2031 |
Character | Underground |
Technical | |
System length | 29.5 km (18.3 mi) [1] (under construction) over 60.0 km (37.3 mi) (preparation) |
Track gauge | 1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) |
Top speed | 100 km/h (underground section)[ citation needed ] |
The Bali Mass Rapid Transit (Indonesian : Moda Raya TerpaduBali [a] ; Bali MRT), or officially known as the Bali Urban Subway, [2] is a rapid transit system that is currently being built in Bali, Indonesia. Along with the proposed Bali LRT, it is part of a government plan to ease traffic within the Denpasar metropolitan area in a project called the Bali Provincial Government Urban Railway. [3]
Construction began in September 2024. Line 1 connecting Ngurah Rai International Airport to Cemagi and Line 2 connecting Ngurah Rai International Airport to Nusa Dua is estimated to open in 2031. [1]
Bali is the main tourist destination hub and largest city of the Lesser Sunda Islands in Indonesia, harbouring 4.5 million inhabitants, of which nearly half are located in Denpasar metropolitan area. It is estimated that over 1 million residents and tourists commute daily in Denpasar metropolitan area each day. Transport issues are attracting increasing political attention with the government. Over 5.2 million international tourists visited Bali in 2023. [4] Denpasar is the busiest entry port to Indonesia ahead of Jakarta and Batam. [5] In 2019, around 1.3 million of foreign tourists came from Australia, 1.1 million from China, and 0.4 million from India. [6] Meanwhile, 9.5 million domestic tourists visited Bali in 2023. [7]
The idea of constructing an MRT in Bali appeared in 2022 after COVID-19 and recovery in tourism arrivals, because of congested and hazardous roads, and in popular and built-up areas, gridlock frustrates locals and tourists. [8]
The process of developing the first line of the Bali MRT began when President Joko Widodo designated the system as a national project. In September 2024, the project was collaborated with CRCC for the MRT project. In total, the investment value for the first two lines reached US$10.8 billion and for the entire four lines is US$20 billion. [1] Work on line 1 is expected to be slower due to rocky and hard underground conditions, compared to line 2 which can be faster because of the limestone or alluvial soil conditions which makes it easier during the drilling process. [1]
At the same time as the inauguration of the first phase of the North-South Line, President Joko Widodo also launched the construction of the first phase of the Ngurah Rai Airport–Cemagi Line and the Ngurah Rai Airport–Nusa Dua Line. This project, known as the Bali Provincial Government Urban Railway, includes four "Bali Urban Railway" MRT lines. [3]
The routes innitially planned, devised, and belonging to the Bali provincial government are: [3]
The project is entirely financed by the private sector on a business-to-business basis, meaning that the Subway Bali project was to be developed without any funding from state or regional budgets or loans guaranteed by the government, either at the central or regional levels. The investment for the first phase (Lines 1 and 2) amounts to US$10.8 billion. [9] [2]
The investment value for Phase 2 (Lines 3 and 4) reached US$10 billion, bringing the total investment to US$20 billion. [9]
The Bali MRT is expected to stretch across over 60 kilometres (37 mi), with 16.0 kilometres (9.9 mi) dedicated to the Ngurah Rai Airport–Cemagi line and 13.5 kilometres (8.4 mi) to the Ngurah Rai Airport–Nusa Dua line. Trains will operate on the right-hand side, aligning with the current system used in Indonesian railways despite Indonesia’s left-hand road traffic system. [3]
The following table lists the MRT lines that are currently under construction or planned as of September 2024. Planned lines are preliminary and could still be altered before entering construction phase. [10]
Colour and line name | Line | Service commencement | Terminus | Stations | Length | Depot |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Under construction | ||||||
Ngurah Rai Airport–Cemagi Line | 1 | 2028 | Ngurah Rai Airport Cemagi | TBA | 16.0 km (9.9 mi) | Ngurah Rai |
Ngurah Rai Airport–Nusa Dua Line | 2 | 2031 | Ngurah Rai Airport Nusa Dua | TBA | 13.5 km (8.4 mi) | Ngurah Rai |
Planned | ||||||
Sentral Parkir Kuta–Sanur Line | 3 | TBA | Sentral Parkir Kuta Sanur | TBA | TBA | TBA |
Renon–Ubud Line | 4 | TBA | Renon Ubud | TBA | TBA | TBA |
Bali is a province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. East of Java and west of Lombok, the province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller offshore islands, notably Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan, and Nusa Ceningan to the southeast. The provincial capital, Denpasar, is the most populous city in the Lesser Sunda Islands and the second-largest, after Makassar, in Eastern Indonesia. Denpasar metropolitan area is the extended metropolitan area around Denpasar. The upland town of Ubud in Greater Denpasar is considered Bali's cultural centre. The province is Indonesia's main tourist destination, with a significant rise in tourism since the 1980s, and becoming an Indonesian area of overtourism. Tourism-related business makes up 80% of the Bali economy.
Denpasar is the capital city of the province of Bali, Indonesia. Denpasar is the main gateway to the Bali island, the city is also a hub for other cities in the Lesser Sunda Islands.
Tourism in Indonesia is an important component of the Indonesian economy as well as a significant source of its foreign exchange revenues. Indonesia was ranked at 20th in the world tourist Industry in 2017, also ranked as the ninth-fastest growing tourist sector in the world, the third-fastest growing in Asia and fastest-growing in Southeast Asia. In 2018, Denpasar, Jakarta and Batam are among of 10 cities in the world with fastest growth in tourism, 32.7, 29.2 and 23.3 percent respectively. The tourism sector ranked as the 4th largest among goods and services export sectors.
Ubud is a town on the Indonesian island of Bali in Ubud District, located amongst rice paddies and steep ravines in the central foothills of the Gianyar regency. Promoted as an arts and culture centre, it has developed a large tourism industry. It forms a northern part of the Greater Denpasar metropolitan area.
Kuta is a tourist area, administratively an urban village (kelurahan), and the capital of Kuta District, Badung Regency, southern Bali, Indonesia. Kuta is a part of the Denpasar metropolitan area, 12 km (7.5 mi) south of downtown Denpasar. Originally known as a fishing village, it was one of the first towns on Bali to see substantial tourism, and as a beach resort remains one of Indonesia's major tourist destinations. It is known internationally for its long sandy beach, varied accommodations, restaurants and bars, and many renowned surfers who visit from Australia. It is near Bali's Ngurah Rai Airport.
Nusa Dua is a resort area built in the 1970s in the southern part of Bali, Indonesia. Known as an enclave of large five-star resorts, it covers 350 hectares of land and encloses more than 20 resorts. It is located 22 kilometers from Denpasar, the provincial capital of Bali, and is administered as part of Benoa subdistrict (kelurahan) in South Kuta, Badung Regency. Nusa Dua means two islands, because there are two islands in the bay of the Indonesia Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) area. On the southern side lies Peninsula Island, and on the northern side lies Nusa Dharma Island, which is smaller but shadier, and which contains the Pura/Temple Nusa Dharma.
Angkasa Pura is the name used by two separate state-owned enterprises of PT Aviasi Pariwisata Indonesia (InJourney) responsible for the management of airports in Indonesia. The two companies are PT Angkasa Pura I and PT Angkasa Pura II. Angkasa Pura I has its head office in Kemayoran, Jakarta, while Angkasa Pura II has its head office at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in Tangerang, Banten.
Sanur is a coastal stretch of beach east of Denpasar in southeast Bali, which has grown into a little town in its own right. A 5.1 km (3.2 mi) area of Sanur's coastline, from Matahari Terbit Beach to Mertasari Beach, was reclaimed in 2008.
The Jakarta Mass Rapid Transit or Jakarta MRT is a rapid transit system in Jakarta, the largest metropolis of Indonesia.
Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai was an Indonesian National Hero who commanded Indonesian forces in Bali against the Dutch during the Indonesian War of Independence. He was killed in the Battle of Margarana.
Udayana University is a for-profit public university in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. It was established on September 29, 1962, and it used to belong to the Airlangga University mainly located in Surabaya. Its current rector is I Nyoman Gde Antara. The university's name was derived from the 10th-century Balinese King Udayana (Dharmodayana) of the Warmadewa Dynasty.
Most visitors to Indonesia may obtain a visa on arrival to Indonesia, unless they are a citizen of one of the visa-exempt countries. However, some countries must obtain a visa in advance from one of the Indonesian diplomatic missions before being allowed to enter Indonesia.
Badung is a regency of Bali, Indonesia. Its regency seat is in the upland town of Mangupura. It covers districts to the west of the provincial capital of Denpasar, and it has a land area of 418.52 km2.
Bali Mandara Toll Road or Nusa Dua-Ngurah Rai-Benoa Toll Road is a toll road carried by a bridge stretching across the Gulf of Benoa. The 8.3-kilometre (5.2 mi) highway connects the city of Denpasar and South Kuta, Badung Regency, Nusa Dua and Ngurah Rai International Airport. It cost Rp 2.48 Trillion to construct and was intended to prevent traffic jams on the Ngurah Rai Bypass Road, previously the only road connecting areas of Bali on opposite sites of the airport. The Ngurah Rai Bypass Road, a land-based route, could not be widened because of the location of the airport runway; the new toll road was instead constructed over water.
I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport, also known as Denpasar International Airport, is the main international airport of Bali, Indonesia. Located 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) from Downtown Denpasar, it serves the Denpasar metropolitan area and the whole island of Bali. Ngurah Rai is the second busiest airport in Indonesia after Soekarno-Hatta. Ngurah Rai is one of the most popular island destinations hubs in Asia. In 2018, the airport served 23,779,178 passengers. The new upgrades of Ngurah Rai have increased the popularity of Bali and made it one of the best airports in Asia and more known worldwide. The airport has category IX and is capable of serving wide-body aircraft including the Boeing 747-8 and Airbus A380.
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North Bali International Airport, was a proposed airport on the island of Bali, Indonesia, located at Kubutambahan, in the kabupaten (regency) of Buleleng. It was a project initiated by the Governor of Bali, I Made Mangku Pastika, on 9 July 2015. However, this Project was officially removed from the Government Priority List by President Joko Widodo, which was announced in July 2022, and has also removed 9 other mega projects across Indonesia on the same day.
The Jakarta Light Rapid Transit or Jakarta LRT is one of the light rapid transit systems in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia. It is conceived and built by the Jakarta provincial government. The first phase of the LRT, from Velodrome to Pegangsaan Dua, began commercial operations on 1 December 2019.
Denpasar metropolitan area or officially Sarbagita; is a metropolitan area located in Indonesia. This area includes Denpasar city and its surrounding areas such as Badung Regency, Gianyar Regency, and Tabanan Regency. This region of Bali province. Sarbagita is the largest metropolitan area in the Nusa Tenggara Islands and the second largest in the Eastern Indonesia Region after the Makassar metropolitan area in South Sulawesi. It has an area of 1,928.28 km2, and at the 2023 estimate had a population of 2,301,887