Due to improper infrastructure planning and the inadequate size of the rolling stock (to transport a large number of passengers in or out of the downtown Kuala Lumpur area during rush hour), the KL Monorail is commonly cited as the most unsatisfactory rail line of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System.[3][4]
History
This urban monorail line was opened on 31 August 2003, with 11 stations running 8.6km (5.3mi) on two parallel elevated tracks. It connects the KL Sentral transport hub in the south and Titiwangsa in the north with the "Golden Triangle", a commercial, shopping, and entertainment area consisting of the Bukit Bintang area, and surrounded by Jalan Imbi, Jalan Bukit Bintang, Jalan Sultan Ismail, and Jalan Raja Chulan.[5]
The monorail scheme was announced by Kuala Lumpur City Hall in January 1990 after the Malaysian Government gave the go-ahead to the scheme at a cabinet meeting in June 1989. Its cost was then estimated at RM 143 million. The 14km (8.7mi), 22-station system is designed to carry more than 34,000 passengers a day on a 20-minute loop through Kuala Lumpur's bustling commercial core. The plan is to build it in two phases: in the first, 16 stations will be serviced over 7.7km (4.8mi); and in the later stage, another 6.5km (4.0mi) loop will be added. The first phase was expected to be completed within two years.[6]
Work was scheduled to begin in June 1990, but was postponed to May 1991, after the city's mayor complained that tenders submitted for preparatory work were too high. There has been no activity on the project since and few details are available on how the project is expected to proceed. The main contractor is a local company, BNK, which had little success in its search for backers to finance its share of the venture. Part of its problem in securing money stems from the project's escalating cost estimates, and part from its lack of a track record in handling such huge projects.[6]
Construction was re-initiated by Hitachi, Ltd., but the 1997 Asian financial crisis led to cessation of work in December 1997. When work was resumed in July 1998, MTrans Holdings took over, locally manufacturing its own rolling stock and completing the project to save cost;[9] the line was completed at a cost of MYR 1.18 billion.
As the line was opened in 2003, it was agreed that the parent company and owner of the KL Monorail Line, KL Monorail System Sdn Bhd (KLMS) under its parent company KL Infrastructure Group (KL Infra), would hold a 40-year concession to operate the monorail.[10] The line and number of stations remains unchanged since 2003. Based on 1999 transit map, Originally KL monorail line have 19 stations, start from Titiwangsa, Chow Kit, Wawasan, P. Ramlee, Raja Chulan, Bukit Bintang, Imbi, Hang Tuah, Merdeka, Sultan Sulaiman (cancelled), Tun Sambanthan, subsequently unbuild line from Syed Putra, Taman Seputeh, Abdullah Hukum, Lembah Pantai, Pantai Dalam, Taman Desa, OUG and Kampung Pasir.[11]
Since the start of operations, the KL Infrastructure Group suffered losses due largely to depreciation and interest repayment costs.[12] For the financial year to 30 April 2004, KL Infra posted a net loss of MYR 46.24 million on a MYR 15.08 million revenue.[13] KL Infra had also taken up a MYR 300 million Malaysian government loan and a MYR 260 million infrastructure loan from the Bank Pembangunan Malaysia Berhad (BPMB) (The development bank of Malaysia) (Malay: Bank Pembangunan Malaysia, BPM). [citation needed] In addition, KL Infra had proposed to buy MTrans' three subsidiary companies to improve its business, but failed after Scomi bought up some of the targeted companies.[12]
Government takeover
In April 2007, talks were under way between KL Infra and the government and the Bank Pembangunan Malaysia Berhad to sell the KL Monorail Line to the Prasarana Malaysia, which then had already owned both the Kelana Jaya Line and the Ampang Line, as well as 10% of KL Infra shares. KL Infra was cited as intending to exit Malaysia's monorail business. The takeover is part of the government's master plan to improve the urban public transport sector.[12][14]
SPN gave its agreement in principle to the takeover on 22 December 2006 and a follow-up meeting was held on 6 February 2007 with the government on the takeover of its operational assets and assumption of loan liabilities. [citation needed]A due diligence audit was conducted from 5 March 2007 to 27 April 2007 by consultants appointed by the government. Following agreement to the takeover, BPM granted KL Monorail an extension until 29 April 2007 for an interest repayment amounting to MYR 4,244,801.91, which was originally due on 29 December 2006.[15]
However, the takeover seemed to have suffered a setback at least from the perspective of KL Infra when on 26 March 2007, it was notified by BPM that it was not going to entertain any further extensions for interest repayment. Subsequently on 27 April 2007, the bank notified that it would not be granting any moratorium on interest repayments. On 29 April 2007, KL Monorail was not able to make the repayment of the interest instalment which had become due.[15]
On 3 May 2007, KL Monorail was issued a default notice by BPM which sought repayment of the entire principal sum of MYR 609,616,423.73 and capitalised interest of MYR 296,428,910.88 totalling MYR 906,045,334.61. The company was granted seven days from that day to repay the entire sum, which it failed to do. [citation needed]On 14 May 2007, Mohd Anwar Bin Yahya and Cho Choo Meng were appointed receivers and managers by Amanah Raya, the Security Trustee for BPM. Nevertheless, the takeover process is still deemed ongoing, KL Infra stating that it will continue to engage the government and BPM to address the proposed takeover of KL Monorail by Prasarana based on earlier discussions and an approval in principle.[16]
One of the effects of the appointment of receivers and managers is the possibility that KL Infra will not be receiving any compensation for KL Monorail should the takeover by SPN go through.[17]
The trading of KL Infra was suspended from 15 May 2007.[18] On the same day, KL Infra's board announced to Bursa Malaysia that it had formed the opinion that it was not solvent and would not be able to pay all its debts in full within a period not exceeding twelve months.[19] On 28 November 2007, Prasarana Malaysia signed a sale-and-purchase agreement with KL Monorail Systems, effectively making Prasarana the operator of KL Monorail, and resulting in Prasarana taking over the MYR 882 million BPM loan.[citation needed]
The stations are designed as elevated structures with ticketing facilities on either the ground level (as seen in the KL Sentral station) or the first-floor level. The platforms are on the top floor, separated from the monorail lines by fencing. They were originally covered by large canvas roofs, which were replaced in 2014 by aluminium zinc roofs.[20] Certain stations are situated above roadways, or are slightly longer than others. Each station used to be designated with a sponsor, with route maps associating each station with a particular product brand.
To some extent, the line has been designed to accommodate future expansion. [citation needed] While some stations are significantly longer than the current two-car sets, providing room for longer train sets, extension works for other stations have been necessary. An expansion project known as the KL Monorail Fleet Expansion project is being carried out by Prasarana to ensure a more efficient and user-friendly monorail services in the future. The installation of the Platform Automatic Gate System (PAGS) is one such work under the project. [citation needed] This gate system is necessary to improve passenger safety as before this, there are no barriers between the passenger platforms and the tracks and this may pose dangers to the users. The project also includes the installation of a new signalling system, construction of a new depot to accommodate larger train sets, and other station upgrades and universal access facilities.
An example of station upgrades is at Bukit Bintang station. Touted as one of the busiest stations of the line due to its proximity to Bukit Bintang, [citation needed] the hub of shopping and entertainment in Kuala Lumpur, it used to have only one exit, but the upgrading project now provided the station with added an alternative entrance and exit walkway and a direct entry to the Lot 10 and Sungei Wang Plaza shopping complexes. The monorail station is also equipped with new ticket vending machines and ticketing gates. [citation needed] Other than that, escalators and lifts as well as a new Customer Service Office are also provided. Another example is at the second busiest monorail station, Kuala Lumpur Sentral station, where the Nu Sentral Mall overhead bridge becomes the new entrance to the station. [citation needed] Previously, monorail users needed to exit KL Sentral and cross the busy main thoroughfare in Brickfields to reach the station. The completion of the overhead bridge now enables customers to travel between KL Sentral and the monorail station safely and conveniently.[21][22][23]
The main goal of the fleet expansion project is, however, the introduction of new, state-of-the-art four-car trains. Two four-car trains have been introduced to the public while the rest will be delivered in stages until the fourth quarter of 2015. The new four-car trains can accommodate up to 430 passengers per trip and could significantly reduce the waiting time for passengers. [24] They are also more comfortable and spacious than the current two-car trains. After all sets of four-car trains have been delivered and commissioned, the two-car sets, which have been in operation since 2003, would be retired. Besides having a larger capacity, the new trains are also fitted with better safety features including open-door windows, on-board closed-circuit television cameras and "run-flat" features, which allow the trains to continue moving in the event of a puncture.[25][26]
Rolling stock
Former 2-car ALWEG rolling stock4-car Scomi SUTRA rolling stockThe interior of KL Monorail Scomi SUTRA car
The first trains used on the KL Monorail line were 10 sets permanently coupled two-car trains of a similar design to the Seattle Center Monorail's ALWEG trains.[9] Each monorail train can accommodate 158 passengers during regular operations. The monorail carriages themselves were constructed by Scomi Rail, a Malaysian monorail manufacturer,[9] at the Scomi Rail plant in Rawang, which also featured its own tracks for monorail train tests.[27] In June 2017, the monorail was operated solely using 6 sets two-car trains. The remaining two-car trains had been fully decommissioned by end of 2022.
KL Monorail subsequently began upgrading its rolling stock to brand-new, four-car trains.[28] These were also manufactured by Scomi, this time to the company's in-house-developed SUTRA design, which was also ordered by the Mumbai Monorail line in India. Each of these trains can accommodate 430 passengers per trip, compared with 213 passengers for the two-car trains.[28] The new trains are equipped with four closed-circuit television cameras and space for wheelchairs and strollers.[28]
The first two sets four-car trains entered service in December 2014, with the remaining units scheduled to be arriving in stages. While they were initially all scheduled to be in operation by the end of 2015,[28] only five have been delivered so far. They were taken out of service in May 2017 due to safety reasons.[29] Three of the four-car trains have been reinstated in August 2019, with two more expected to re-enter service in November of the same year. In 2019 KL monorail service is operated using five sets 4-car trains and four sets 2-car trains. [30] Once delivery of the remaining 7 sets of four-car trains is complete, the original ALWEG two-car trains will be decommissioned.[28]
The monthly ridership increased from 341,850 passengers in September 2003 to 1.18 million passengers in August 2004. In January 2007, the monorail attained its 50 millionth passenger since its opening. On 29 July 2009, the monorail reportedly reached the 100 million passenger mark.
Prior to the opening, on 16 August 2002 an accident occurred during a test run involving a 13.4kg (30lb) safety wheel falling off a train and hitting the head of a pedestrian walking under the monorail viaduct at Jalan Sultan Ismail. The victim, David Chelliah, a journalist, suffered injuries that required hospitalisation.
On 7 March 2003, Chelliah filed a MYR 5 million negligence suit against the companies involved in the design, installation and operation of the trains, as well as the Director-General of Railways.[33][34] On 8 April 2003, the High Court ruled that the Monorail company was liable for the incident, but not the Director-General of Railways. Although the monorail company reported that any such accident was "unlikely" as six bolts would have to be removed for it to occur and furthermore, a check of all 23 other safety wheels on the train involved did not turn up any other issues, the high court judgement ruled that the monorail company "failed to provide a reasonable explanation as to how the safety wheel had come off the train and instead relied on the possibility that there had been tampering by unknown persons".[35][36]
As a result of this accident, the launch of the monorail was postponed.
Burst tyre incident
On 22 January 2005, a pneumatic load tyre suddenly burst and caused two women passengers to be injured. The train, carrying about 30 passengers, was about to move from Chow Kit station to Titiwangsa station when the incident occurred at about 8.50pm. The burst tyre caused a rubber sidewall panel to flip open which then hit the side of a passenger seat and injured a woman's legs and another woman's hands. Train services were suspended for about 30 minutes following the incident.[37]
Breakdown
On 11 August 2012, a train stalled near Tun Sambanthan in Brickfields. The breakdown caused 183 passengers to be trapped for about two hours. The air conditioning system in the carriage stopped functioning when the power supply was cut. As a result, some passengers had to break the windows to allow air in while awaiting rescue. Fire and Rescue Department personnel later used a skylift to rescue passengers trapped in the carriage.[38] Investigation revealed that the issue was due to a power supply disruption at the circuit breaker, causing the auxiliary power system to fail.[39]
Six days later, another breakdown occurred. A train stalled between Imbi and Bukit Bintang for about 30 minutes, trapping around 200 passengers. This time however, there was power in the train and the air-conditioning system was functional. Train services resumed after half an hour.[39]
Titiwangsa station fire
On 30 March 2015, a monorail service was temporarily delayed when a tyre of a two-car train coach caught fire at the Titiwangsa Station. The scene was recovered hours later.[40]
Maharajalela station fire
On 24 December 2020, around 7.30am, when a KL Monorail train bound for KL Sentral was approaching the Maharajalela station, one of its tires burst and caught fire. There's no injuries/casualties in the accident, but the Scomi's 4-car train set 24 has been seriously damaged.
Tyre fire
On 19 December 2023, a coach guide tyre caught fire and fell from the coach onto the road underneath. The incident happened near Titiwangsa Station. The train was halted and passengers evacuated while the fire brigade dealt with the fire. There were no casualties.[41]
Kuala Lumpur, officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur and colloquially referred to as KL, is a federal territory and the capital city of Malaysia. It is one of the fastest-growing cities in Asia and the largest city in Malaysia, covering an area of 243 km2 (94 sq mi) with a census population of 1,982,112 as of 2020. Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.564 million people as of 2018. It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in Southeast Asia, both in population and economic development.
Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) or Malayan Railways Limited, colloquially referred to simply as KTM, is the main rail operator in Peninsular Malaysia. The railway system dates back to the British colonial era, when it was first built to transport tin. Previously known as the Federated Malay States Railways (FMSR) and the Malayan Railway Administration (MRA), Keretapi Tanah Melayu acquired its current name in 1962. The organisation was corporatised in 1992, but remains wholly owned by the Malaysian government.
Kuala Lumpur Sentral Station is a transit-oriented development that houses the main railway station of Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia. Opened on 16 April 2001, KL Sentral replaced the old Kuala Lumpur railway station as the city's main intercity railway station. KL Sentral is the largest railway station in Malaysia, and the second largest in Southeast Asia, behind Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal in Bangkok, Thailand.
Rapid KL is a public transportation system owned by Prasarana Malaysia and operated by its subsidiaries Rapid Rail and Rapid Bus. With its coverage throughout Kuala Lumpur and Klang Valley areas, it was followed by a federal government restructuring of public transport systems in Kuala Lumpur after the bankruptcy of STAR and PUTRA Light Rapid Transit operators, the precursors to the Ampang/Sri Petaling Lines and Kelana Jaya Line respectively. In 2003, it had inherited bus services and assets formerly operated and owned by Intrakota and Cityliner after being bailed out. Four years later, the Malaysian government had bailed out KL Infrastructure Group, the owner and operation concession holder for the Kuala Lumpur monorail, and had placed it under ownership of Prasarana.
Prasarana Malaysia Berhad (Prasarana) (English: Malaysian Infrastructure Limited) is a 100% government-owned company which was set up by Ministry of Finance (Malaysia) as a corporate body established under the Minister of Finance (Incorporation) Act 1957 to own the assets of multi-modal public transport operator in Malaysia, under the government's move to restructure the city's public transport system. It is one of the largest public-transport companies in Malaysia other than Konsortium Transnasional Berhad. As a government-owned company since 1998, it operates stage bus and light metro services via several wholly owned subsidiaries.
Rail transport in Malaysia consists of heavy rail, light rapid transit (LRT), mass rapid transit (MRT), monorails, airport rail links and a funicular railway line. Heavy rail is mostly used for intercity services and freight transport as well as some urban public transport, while rapid transit rails are used for intracity urban public transport in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur and the surrounding Klang Valley region. There are two airport rail link systems linking Kuala Lumpur with the Kuala Lumpur International Airport and Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport. The longest monorail line in the country is also used for public transport in Kuala Lumpur, while the only funicular railway line is available in Penang.
Titiwangsa station is a rapid transit interchange station in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The station is served by the LRT Ampang and Sri Petaling Lines, the KL Monorail Line and the MRT Putrajaya Line. The station allows seamless physical and fare integration between the four train lines.
Transport in Greater Kuala Lumpur includes a road network, a railway network, airports, and other modes of public transport. The Klang Valley is an urban conglomeration consisting of the city of Kuala Lumpur, as well as surrounding towns and cities in the state of Selangor. The Klang Valley has the country's largest airport, the Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA), as well as the country's largest intermodal transport hub and railway station, Kuala Lumpur Sentral.
Hang Tuah station, also known as BBCC - Hang Tuahstation due to the new transit hub, is an interchange station in the Pudu district of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, between the Ampang and Sri Petaling Lines and the KL Monorail. Seamless physical and fare integration was achieved on 1 March 2012 when the "paid-up" or restricted areas of both the LRT and monorail stations, which previously operated as two separate stations, were linked up, allowing passengers to transfer without needing to buy new tickets for the first time since the monorail became operational in 2003.
Imbi Monorail station is a Malaysian elevated train station on the monorail line that serves as a part of the Kuala Lumpur Monorail, located in Kuala Lumpur and opened alongside the rest of the train service on August 31, 2003. The station's similar location and proximity to a shopping district as the Bukit Bintang station means that the Imbi station is also one of the most heavily used stations along the KL Monorail line.
Tun Sambanthan Monorail station, is a Malaysian elevated monorail station that forms a part of the Kuala Lumpur Monorail line located in Kuala Lumpur and opened alongside the rest of the line and other adjoining monorail stations on August 31, 2003.
Raja Chulan Monorail station is a Malaysian elevated monorail train station that serves as a part of the Kuala Lumpur Monorail, located in Kuala Lumpur and opened alongside the rest of the monorail service on August 31, 2003.
Chow Kit Monorail station is a Malaysian elevated monorail train station that serves as a part of the Kuala Lumpur Monorail, located in Kuala Lumpur and opened alongside the rest of the train service on August 31, 2003.
The Segambut KTM Komuter station is a Malaysian commuter train station located in the northern area of Kuala Lumpur along the Port Klang Line.
The MRT Kajang line (KGL), previously known as the Sungai Buloh–Kajang line (SBK), is a Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) line servicing the Klang Valley, Malaysia. It is the second fully automated and driverless rail system in the Klang Valley region after the LRT Kelana Jaya Line. Owned by MRT Corp and operated as part of the RapidKL system by Rapid Rail, it forms part of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System. The line is numbered 9 and coloured green on official transit maps.
The Klang Valley Integrated Transit System is an integrated transport network that primarily serves the area of Klang Valley and Greater Kuala Lumpur. The system currently consists of 12 fully operating rail lines; two commuter rail lines, six rapid transit lines, one bus rapid transit line and two airport rail links to the Kuala Lumpur International Airport's (KLIA) Terminal 1 and Terminal 2, and another one to the Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport.
The Muzium Negara station is an underground mass rapid transit (MRT) station in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on the Kajang Line. It is located beneath Jalan Damansara in front of the Muzium Negara, which gave the station its name.
The Bukit Bintang MRT station, otherwise known as Pavilion Kuala Lumpur–Bukit Bintang MRT station due to sponsorship reasons, is a Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) underground station in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Construction started around 2012 and opened on 17 July 2017. It served as one of the stations on the Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit (KVMRT) Kajang Line, formerly known as Sungai Buloh–Kajang Line. The station has 5 walkways and entrances that are connected to iconic buildings and malls in the Bukit Bintang locality, including the Pavilion KL, Starhill Gallery and Fahrenheit 88 shopping malls. The main theme of the MRT station is Dynamic Pulse of Colour.
Bukit Bintang is a Monorail station located in Bukit Bintang, Kuala Lumpur. As part of the KL Monorail line, it opened alongside the rest of the train service on August 31, 2003.
↑ Azliana Ahmad (1999). Peranan Sistem Transit Aliran Ringan (STAR) dalam mengatasi masalah pengangkutan awam di bandar Kuala Lumpur (in Malay). Universiti Malaya: Jabatan Antropologi dan Sosiologi, Fakulti Sastera dan Sains Sosial, Universiti Malaya, 1998/99. pp.Lampiran 2.
↑ "Prasarana's Ridership". 14 January 2023. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
Note: Under construction & planned lines are in Italics
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Rapid KL 
