The 2nd United States Congress, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives, met at Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from March 4, 1791, to March 4, 1793, during the third and fourth years of George Washington's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the provisions of Article I, Section 2, Clause 3 of the United States Constitution. Additional House seats were assigned to the two new states of Vermont and Kentucky. Both chambers had a Pro-Administration majority.
In the 1828 and 1829 United States House of Representatives elections, while Jacksonians soundly took control of the presidency, with Andrew Jackson's victory, they greatly increased their majority in Congress. Outgoing President John Quincy Adams's unpopularity played a major role in the Jacksonian pick-up, as did the perception of the Anti-Jacksonian Party as urban and elitist. Major increases in suffrage also heightened Jacksonian wins, as newly enfranchised voters tended to associate with Jacksonian principles. The Anti-Masonic Party, a single issue faction based on distrust of Freemasonry, became the first third party in American history to garner seats in the House.
The 1826 and 1827 United States House of Representatives elections were held at various dates in each state in 1826 and 1827 during John Quincy Adams's presidency.
The 1824 and 1825 United States House of Representatives elections were held at various dates in different states between July 1824 and August 1825, coinciding with the contentious 1824 presidential election. After no presidential candidate won an electoral majority, in February 1825 the House of the outgoing 18th Congress chose the President in a contingent election.
The 1822 and 1823 United States House of Representatives elections were held at various dates in different states between July 1822 and August 1823 during President James Monroe's second term.
The 1804 and 1805 United States House of Representatives elections were held at various dates in each state between April 24, 1804 and August 5, 1805. The Congress first met on December 2, 1805. The elections occurred at the same time as President Thomas Jefferson's re-election.
The 1802 and 1803 United States House of Representatives elections were held at various dates in each state, from April 26, 1802 to December 14, 1803 during President Thomas Jefferson's first term in office. It was common in the early years of the United Congress for some states to elect representatives to a Congress after it had already convened. In the case of the 8th Congress, the representatives from New Jersey were only elected after its first meeting on October 17, 1803.
The 1800 and 1801 United States House of Representatives elections were held at the same time as the 1800 presidential election, in which Vice President Thomas Jefferson, a Democratic Republican, defeated incumbent President John Adams, a Federalist.
The 1794 and 1795 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in each state between August 25, 1794, and September 5, 1795 (Kentucky). The election was held during President George Washington's second term.
The 1792 and 1793 United States House of Representatives elections, coincided with the re-election of President George Washington. While Washington ran for president as an independent, his followers formed the nation's first organized political party, the Federalist Party, whose members and sympathizers are identified as pro-Administration on this page. In response, followers of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison created the opposition Democratic-Republican Party, who are identified as anti-Administration on this page. The Federalists promoted urbanization, industrialization, mercantilism, centralized government, and a broad interpretation of the United States Constitution. In contrast, Democratic-Republicans supported the ideal of an agrarian republic made up of self-sufficient farmers and small, localized governments with limited power.
The 1790 and 1791 United States House of Representatives elections, took place in the middle of President George Washington's first term. While formal political parties still did not exist, coalitions of pro-Washington (pro-Administration) representatives and anti-Administration representatives each gained two seats as a result of the addition of new states to the union.
Vermont was admitted at the end of the First Congress, with the admission taking effect at the start of the Second Congress. Vermont was entitled to elect two representatives. Vermont law at the time required a majority to win an office. In the 1st district, no candidate won a majority, necessitating a run-off.
Due to Vermont's election law requiring a majority to secure a congressional seat, the 1st district required three ballots to choose a winner.
Vermont had no apportionment in the House of Representatives before 1790 census because it was not admitted to the Union until 1791. Vermont's election laws at the time required a majority to win election to the House of Representatives. If no candidate won a majority, a runoff election was held, which happened in the 1st district.
Only 1 of the 2 Vermont incumbents were re-elected.
Vermont elected its members September 7, 1824. Congressional districts were re-established in Vermont for the 1824 election. Vermont had used an at-large district 1812-1818 and 1822. A majority was required for election, which was not met in the 1st district, necessitating a second election December 6, 1824.
Vermont elected its members September 5, 1826. It required a majority for election, which was not met on the first vote in two districts, requiring additional elections held December 4, 1826 and February 5, 1827.
Vermont elected its members September 2, 1828. Vermont required a majority vote for election, so the 3rd district district election was settled on the second ballot on November 11, 1828 and the 5th district district election was settled on the eighth ballot on November 2, 1829.
Only one of the two Vermont incumbents was re-elected.
In 1820, Vermont returned to using districts. This would be the only election in which the 6th district would be used.
