2020s in North American history

Last updated

The political history of North America in the 2020s covers political events on the continent, other than elections, from 2020 onwards.

Contents

History by country

Barbados

The government of Barbados announced in September 2020 that it would transition to a republic during the next year. In 2021, an indirect presidential election was held to choose the first ever President of Barbados. The outgoing Governor-General of Barbados, Dame Sandra Mason, was the only candidate nominated; Mason was sworn in on 30 November, the 55th anniversary of Barbadian independence from the United Kingdom. [1]

Cuba

At the 8th Congress of the Communist Party, Raúl Castro officially resigned as the First Secretary, the most powerful position in Cuba. [2] Cuban President Miguel Díaz-Canel was officially named First Secretary of the Communist Party following the resignation of Raúl Castro. He is the first person not of the Castro family to hold the position since the 1959 Cuban revolution. [3]

A series of protests against the Cuban government and the ruling Communist Party of Cuba began on 11 July 2021, triggered by the shortage of food and medicine and the government's response to the resurgent COVID-19 pandemic in Cuba. [4] [5] The protests have been described as the largest anti-government demonstrations since the Maleconazo in 1994. [6]

Dominican Republic

In March 2020, massive protests occurred in the Dominican Republic, due to announced postponement of national elections. [7]

El Salvador

in the 2020 Salvadoran political crisis on 9 February 2020, the Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele ordered 1,400 Salvadoran soldiers from the Salvadoran Army to enter the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador to coerce the approval of a loan request of 109 million dollars from the United States for Bukele's security plan for El Salvador. [8] After winning a majority in the 2021 Salvadoran legislative election, President Bukele's party Nuevas Ideas voted to sack the country's Attorney General and the five judges of the Constitutional Court. [9]

Guatemala

Alejandro Giammattei became the new president in 2020. Later in the year, the 2020 Guatemalan protests breakout in response to COVID-19 pandemic and Hurricanes Eta and Iota.

Haiti

The 2021 Haitian protests were a mass protest movement consisting of popular movement and opposition mass street demonstrations and violent protest marches across Haiti that began on 14 January in protest at president Jovenel Moïse's plan to run for one more year in power. The protests and civil unrest that paralysed Haiti hit hard. Since the 14 January protest, hundreds of thousands took part in weekly protests calling for the government to resign. [10] [11] [12]

President Moïse said he foiled a coup attempt to kill him and overthrow the government in February 2021; at least 23 people were arrested. [13] He was assassinated on 7 July 2021 at 1 a.m. EDT (UTC−04:00) when a group of 28 gunmen stormed his residence and opened fire. [14] First Lady Martine Moïse was also shot multiple times in the attack. Joseph Lambert, the President of the Senate, was nominated as provisional President of Haiti by a group of senators, potentially succeeding Jovenel Moïse. [15] Following the assassination, Ariel Henry assumed the office of acting prime minister on 20 July.

In September 2022, Henry announced that the government would be ending fuel subsidies and that the price of petroleum products would be increasing; this led to protests, including a demonstration in Port-au-Prince that escalated to a riot days later. [16] In response to the government, a federation of over a dozen gangs blockaded the country's largest fuel terminal. [17] [18] This blockade and the surrounding unrest has led to the temporary closure of foreign embassies in Haiti, as well as resource shortages, hospital service reductions, school closures, and workers being unable to commute to work. [19]

In 2023 the situation in Haiti continued to spiral downhill, with the last democratically elected officials leaving office, leaving Haiti without an elected government. [20] As of September 2023, reports indicated that approximately 80% of the Haitan capital was under the control of gangs. [21] On 11 October 2022, Henry and his cabinet requested the deployment of foreign troops to oppose the gangs and anti-government demonstrations in Port-au-Prince. [22] [23] On 15 October, the United States and Mexico sent armored vehicles and military equipment to aid the Haitian government. [24] On 21 October, the UN Security Council voted unanimously to approve sanctions on Haiti, namely an asset freeze, travel ban and arms embargo aimed at the country's armed gangs. [25] [26]

On 4 March, armed gangs attacked the heavily fortified Toussaint Louverture International Airport, exchanging gunfire with police and the Haitian Armed Forces in an attempt to take control of the facility after rumors that Henry would return to the country, [27] fueling speculation that an alliance between rival gangs was forming to overthrow the Haitian government. [28] Other gang leaders, including Guy Philippe, reportedly will try to take over the presidency of Haiti. [29] With the Port-au-Prince airport shut down due to gang violence, on 5 March, Henry's chartered plane was prevented from landing in Santo Domingo and landed instead in San Juan, Puerto Rico. [30] [31] [32] On 12 March 2024 Ariel Henry announced that he would resign.

Honduras

In 2021, a former cartel leader testified in a New York court that he had bribed President Juan Orlando Hernández with 250,000 US dollars to prevent extradition to the United States. [33] His brother Tony Hernández was sentenced to life in prison on allegations of drug trafficking, with court documents claiming that the two had conspired to engage in "state-sponsored drug trafficking". [34]

The leftist Xiomara Castro became in 2021 the country's first female president, as well as the first president not to be a member of either the Liberal Party or the National Party since democracy was restored in 1982. [35]

Mexico

As the Fourth Transformation enters its second year, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) faces challenges involving social violence (particularly drug-related and other killings), [36] corruption, major infrastructure development, universal health care, [37] and decentralization of the government. [38] [39] At a news conference on January 15, 2020, journalist Jorge Ramos pointed that during AMLO's first year as president, there were more homicides than under his predecessors; Ramos asked if a change in strategy and/or personal were required. The president assured him that we would see results by December. [40]

Following several notorious cases of femicide, violence against women emerges as a priority concern. Hundreds of thousands march on March 8 [41] and millions of women strike on March 9, 2020. [42]

Nicaragua

In May 2021, Nicaragua's Supreme Electoral Council revoked the legal status of opposition party the Democratic Restoration Party (PRD). [43] The same week, the Ortega government opened an investigation into Cristiana Chamorro, alleging money laundering, [44] which threatened to disqualify her candidacy as people under investigation are barred from running. [43] The same day, the police also raided the news offices of her brother Carlos's media channel, Confidencial. [43] On 5 June, the Ortega administration arrested Arturo Cruz. [45] On 8 June, the government arrested Félix Maradiaga, a leader of the Blue and White National Unity (UNAB) opposition group. [46] Later the same day they arrested economist Juan Sebastián Chamorro, the fourth pre-candidate to be detained. [47] On 20 June, the government arrested Miguel Mora, a pre-candidate affiliated with the PRD until the government revoked its charter. [48] Peasant leader Medardo Mairena was also arrested on the night of 5 July 2021, [49] On 9 July, law professor and Civic Alliance attorney María Asunción Moreno announced her intention to register as a pre-candidate with the CxL. [50] The following day, she received a summons from the government, [50] and, following information that she would be arrested, went into hiding and later into exile. [51] On 12 July, Luis Fley confirmed he had gone into exile in response to "threats from the dictatorship to arrest me". [52] Later on 24 July, the government announced the investigation and then the arrest of ACxL conservative pre-candidate Noel Vidaurre, [53] Most of those already arrested are accused of violations of Law 1055, "performing acts that undermine independence, sovereignty, and self-determination". [54]

On 15 June, the Permanent Council of the Organization of American States put out a statement saying it "unequivocally condemns the arrest, harassment and arbitrary restriction imposed on potential presidential candidates, political parties and independent media outlets" and called for "the immediate release of potential candidates and all political prisoners." [55] A large majority of member states (26) endorsed the statement; [55] Following Mora's arrest, Mexico and Argentina jointly recalled their ambassadors from Nicaragua for consultation, citing "the worrying political-legal actions carried out by the Nicaraguan government in recent days that have put at risk the integrity and freedom of various opposition figures (including presidential candidates), Nicaraguan activists and businessmen". [56]

United States

The impeachment trial of Donald Trump found him not guilty in February 2020. The 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries ended up supporting moderate Joe Biden (former Vice President to Barack Obama) as the party's nominee, over more progressive choices such as Bernie Sanders or Elizabeth Warren. The presidential campaign was dominated by the issues of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting economic fallout. A month before the election, Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg died unexpectedly, leading to the nomination and confirmation of Amy Coney Barrett as her replacement by the sitting President Trump and the Republican-held Senate. The election ended with Biden winning. Trump made numerous false allegations of election fraud and attempted to overturn the election results, but this failed.

George Floyd protests

The George Floyd protests are an ongoing series of protests, lootings, riots, and demonstrations against police brutality and racism in policing. The protests began in the United States in Minneapolis on May 26, 2020, [57] after George Floyd, a 46-year-old black man, was murdered by Derek Chauvin, a white police officer. Chauvin knelt on Floyd's neck for almost nine minutes during an arrest the previous day. [58]

The unrest began as local protests in the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan area of Minnesota before quickly spreading across the entire nation as well as George Floyd protests outside the United States in support of Black Lives Matter. While the majority of protests have been peaceful, [59] demonstrations in some cities descended into riots and widespread looting, [60] [61] with some being marked by street skirmishes and strong police reaction, notably against some peaceful protesters and members of the media. [62] At least 200 cities imposed curfews by 3 June, while at least 27 states and Washington, D.C, activated over 74,000 National Guard personnel due to the mass unrest. [63] [64] [65] From the beginning of the protests to June 3, at least 11,000 people had been arrested, [66] including all four police officers who were present while Floyd was murdered. [67]

2020 elections and aftermath

This section is an excerpt from Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election.[ edit ]

[[File:|thumb|The electoral map for the 2020 election. Blue denotes the 306 electoral votes for Biden, while red denotes the 232 electoral votes for Trump.]]

Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election
Part of First presidency of Donald Trump, transition of Joe Biden, democratic backsliding in the United States
Date
Location
Nationwide, especially in Pennsylvania, Georgia, Michigan, Wisconsin, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, and Washington, D.C.
Caused byFabricated claims of electoral fraud by Donald Trump [68]
GoalsTo overturn the results of the 2020 United States presidential election and install Donald Trump as president.
Methods
Resulted in
Casualties
Charged Donald Trump, Mark Meadows, Rudy Giuliani, Jenna Ellis, Sidney Powell, January 6 rioters
After Democratic nominee Joe Biden won the 2020 United States presidential election, Republican nominee and then-incumbent president Donald Trump pursued an unprecedented effort to overturn the election, with support from his campaign, proxies, political allies, and many of his supporters. These efforts culminated in the January 6 Capitol attack by Trump supporters in an attempted self-coup d'état. Trump and his allies used the "big lie" propaganda technique to promote claims that had been proven false and conspiracy theories asserting the election was stolen by means of rigged voting machines, electoral fraud and an international conspiracy. Trump pressed Department of Justice leaders to challenge the results and publicly state the election was corrupt. However, the attorney general, director of National Intelligence, and director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agencyas well as some Trump campaign staffdismissed these claims. State and federal judges, election officials, and state governors also determined the claims were baseless.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Daniel Ortega</span> President of Nicaragua (1985–1990 and 2007–present)

José Daniel Ortega Saavedra is a Nicaraguan politician and the 58th president of Nicaragua since 10 January 2007. Previously, he was leader of Nicaragua from 18 July 1979 to 25 April 1990, first as Coordinator of the Junta of National Reconstruction from 19 July 1979 to 10 January 1985, and then as the 54th president from 10 January 1985 to 25 April 1990. During his first term, he implemented policies to achieve leftist reforms across Nicaragua. In later years, Ortega's left-wing radical politics cooled significantly, leading him to pursue pro-business policies and even rapprochement with the Catholic Church. However, in 2022, Ortega resumed repression of the Church, and has imprisoned prelate Rolando José Álvarez Lagos.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrés Manuel López Obrador</span> President of Mexico from 2018 to 2024

Andrés Manuel López Obrador, also known by his initials AMLO, is a Mexican politician who served as the 65th president of Mexico from 2018 to 2024. He previously served as Head of Government of Mexico City from 2000 to 2005.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dora María Téllez</span> Nicaraguan revolutionary (born 1955)

Dora María Téllez Argüello is a Nicaraguan historian known for her involvement in the Nicaraguan Revolution. As a young university medical student in León in the 1970s, Téllez was recruited by the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN). Téllez went on to become a comandante and fought alongside later president Daniel Ortega in the revolution that ousted dictator Anastasio Somoza Debayle in 1979. In the subsequent FSLN government, she served as Health Minister under Ortega and has also been an advocate for women's rights. She ultimately became a critic of repression and corruption under President Ortega and left the FSLN in 1995 to found the party Sandinista Renovation Movement (MRS), later renamed Unamos. Along with several other opposition figures, she was arrested in June 2021 by the Ortega government.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rosario Murillo</span> First Lady and Vice President of Nicaragua

Rosario María Murillo Zambrana is a Nicaraguan politician and poet who is the Vice President of Nicaragua, the country's second highest office, since January 2017 and First Lady of Nicaragua since 2007 and from 1985 to 1990 as the wife of President Daniel Ortega. Murillo has served as the Nicaraguan government's lead spokesperson, government minister, head of the Sandinista Association of Cultural Workers, and Communications Coordinator of the Council on Communication and Citizenry. She was sworn in as vice president of Nicaragua on 10 January 2017. In August 2021, she was personally sanctioned by the European Union, over alleged human rights violations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2012 Mexican general election</span>

General elections were held in Mexico on Sunday, 1 July 2012. Voters went to the polls to elect a new President of the Republic to serve a six-year term, replacing Felipe Calderón, 500 members of the Chamber of Deputies and 128 members of the Mexican Senate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Protests against Daniel Ortega</span> 21st-century protests in Nicaragua

The protests against Daniel Ortega were a series of protests against President of Nicaragua Daniel Ortega and actions performed by his government, the dismantling of the opposition, and violence against peaceful protesters. The protests began in 2014, when the construction of the Nicaragua Canal was about to begin, and several hundred protesters blocked roads and clashed with police during the groundbreaking of the canal. Tens of thousands of Nicaraguans began to protest against President Ortega for what they believe to be a corrupt electoral system.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United States involvement in regime change in Latin America</span> Cold War events

The participation of the United States in regime change in Latin America involved US-backed coup d'états which were aimed at replacing left-wing leaders with right-wing leaders, military juntas, or authoritarian regimes. Intervention of an economic and military variety was prevalent during the Cold War. Although originally in line with the Truman Doctrine of containment, United States involvement in regime change increased following the drafting of NSC 68, which advocated more aggressive actions against potential Soviet allies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of the 2018 Nicaraguan protests</span>

The 2018 Nicaraguan protests began on 18 April 2018 following a move by the government of Daniel Ortega to reform social security. Following the deaths of protesters, demonstrations intensified and grew into a large anti-Ortega movement seeking his removal from office.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 Nicaraguan protests</span> Wave of protests in Nicaragua

The 2018 Nicaraguan protests began on 18 April 2018 when demonstrators in several cities of Nicaragua began protests against the social security reforms decreed by President Daniel Ortega that increased taxes and decreased benefits. After five days of unrest in which nearly thirty people were killed, Ortega announced the cancellation of the reforms; however, the opposition has grown through the 2014–2018 Nicaraguan protests to denounce Ortega and demand his resignation, becoming one of the largest protests in his government's history and the deadliest civil conflict since the end of the Nicaraguan Revolution. On 29 September 2018, political demonstrations were declared illegal by President Ortega.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 in Central America</span>

The following lists events that happened during 2020 in Central America: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Human rights in Nicaragua</span>

Human rights in Nicaragua refer to personable, political and social rights granted to every human in Nicaragua. Nicaragua derives its understanding of human rights from the Constitution of Nicaragua and international law. Nicaragua is a member state of the United Nations which states that fundamental human rights, such as freedom from slavery and freedom of expression, are enabled for all human beings without discrimination.

Individuals and organizations throughout the United States and the world responded to the murder of George Floyd and the subsequent protests and riots.

The following lists events in the year 2020 in Nicaragua.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Violeta Granera</span> Nicaraguan sociologist

Violeta Mercedes Granera Padilla is a Nicaraguan sociologist, activist and former candidate for Vice-President. Granera worked for the World Bank, then in government before joining the civic organization Movement for Nicaragua, where she worked for seven years advocating for transparency and election reform. She resigned to run for vice-president in 2016 with the Independent Liberal Party, but the party was barred from the ballot by court decision. In the wake of the 2018 anti-government protests she became involved in the Blue and White National Unity opposition group, and in the run-up to the 2021 Nicaraguan general election, she was among the opposition leaders arrested.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 Nicaraguan general election</span>

General elections were held in Nicaragua on 7 November 2021 to elect the President, the National Assembly and members of the Central American Parliament.

Events in the year 2021 in Haiti.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tamara Dávila</span> Nicaraguan psychologist and political activist

Tamara Dávila Rivas is a Nicaraguan sociologist, feminist and political activist. She is a member of Union for Democratic Renewal (Unamos); the Political Council of the National Unity Blue and White opposition group; and the executive committee of the unified opposition front, the National Coalition. On June 13, 2021, she was part of a wave of arrests of opposition figures by the government of Daniel Ortega.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ana Margarita Vijil</span> Nicaraguan lawyer and activist

Ana Margarita Vijil Gurdián is a Nicaraguan lawyer, political leader and human rights activist. She is former president, from 2012 to 2017, of the Sandinista Renovation Movement (MRS) and a member of the Unamos party that succeeded the MRS. In June 2021, she was part of a wave of arrests of opposition figures, including seven aspiring opposition candidates for president in the 2021 Nicaraguan general election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Suyén Barahona</span> Nicaraguan activist

Suyén Barahona Cuan is a Nicaraguan activist. She is president of the Democratic Renewal Union party (Unamos), an opposition group that is the successor to the Sandinista Renovation Movement. She is also a member of the Blue and White National Unity opposition group that formed following the outbreak of anti-government protests in April 2018. In June 2021, she was arrested alongside other opposition figures and pre-candidates for president in the 2021 Nicaraguan general election.

The following lists events in the year 2022 in Nicaragua.

References

  1. ↑ "Barbados elects first ever president ahead of becoming republic". BBC News. 2021-10-21. Retrieved 2021-10-25.
  2. ↑ "Cuba's Raul Castro confirms he's stepping down, says he's 'fulfilled his mission'". NBC News. 16 April 2021. Retrieved 2021-04-19.
  3. ↑ "Cuba leadership: Díaz-Canel named Communist Party chief". BBC News. 2021-04-19. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
  4. ↑ "Thousands join rare anti-government protests in Cuba". France 24. 2021-07-11. Retrieved 2021-07-18.
  5. ↑ Robles, Frances (2021-07-11). "Cubans Denounce 'Misery' in Biggest Protests in Decades". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2021-07-18.
  6. ↑ "Cubans hold biggest anti-government protests in decades; Biden says U.S. stands with people". Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved 2021-07-18.
  7. ↑ Fernandez Geara, Tatiana (March 2, 2020). "Photos: Dominicans Hold Massive #Trabucazo2020 Demonstration For Democracy". latinousa.org.
  8. ↑ "Crisis en El Salvador: cuáles son los motivos de la fuerte tensión entre el presidente Nayib Bukele y el Congreso". BBC News Mundo. 10 February 2020. Retrieved 7 March 2020.
  9. ↑ "El Salvador's parliament sacks the country's top judges". The Economist. 2021-05-06. ISSN   0013-0613 . Retrieved 2021-05-10.
  10. ↑ "Haiti's Protests: Images Reflect Latest Power Struggle". Council of Foreign Relations. March 3, 2021.
  11. ↑ "Dispute over Haiti presidential term triggers unrest". BBC News. BBC. 15 February 2021.
  12. ↑ "Haiti protests continue despite police crackdown". AfricaNews. 9 February 2021.
  13. ↑ "Haiti political turmoil: Judge and police officer among 23 arrested for 'coup attempt'". BBC News. 7 February 2021. Archived from the original on 7 June 2021.
  14. ↑ Dupain, Etant; Lemos, Gerardo; Kottasová, Ivana; Hu, Caitlin (7 July 2021). "Haiti President Jovenel Moise assassinated in attack on his residence". CNN. Archived from the original on 7 July 2021.
  15. ↑ "Haiti senators nominate Joseph Lambert as president". Deutsche Welle. 2021-10-07. Retrieved 2021-07-11.
  16. ↑ Hauteville, Jean-Michael (17 September 2022). "Haiti suffers deadly demonstrations against rise in fuel prices". Le Monde . Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  17. ↑ Danticat, Edwidge (21 October 2022). "The Fight for Haiti's Future". The New Yorker . Retrieved 24 October 2022.
  18. ↑ Isaac, Harold; Ellsworth, Brian (2022-09-27). "Gang blockade cripples Haiti fuel supplies, hospitals prepare to close". Reuters. Retrieved 2022-10-18.
  19. ↑ Sanon, Evens; Coto, Dánica (4 October 2022). "Haiti at breaking point as economy tanks and violence soars". Associated Press . Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  20. ↑ "Panic Grips Haiti as Police Attack PM's Residence, Storm Airport". NPR. 18 January 2023. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
  21. ↑ Simon, Scott (September 2023). "Violence in Haiti escalates amid a civilian vigilante movement". NPR. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
  22. ↑ "The U.S. and Canada sent armored vehicles and supplies to Haiti to help fight a gang". NPR . 16 October 2022. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  23. ↑ Coto, Dánica (11 October 2022). "Haiti's request for troops resurrects troubled history of foreign interventions". PBS . Retrieved 20 October 2022.
  24. ↑ Coto, Dánica (15 October 2022). "US, Canada send armored vehicles to bolster Haiti's police". Associated Press . Retrieved 25 October 2022.
  25. ↑ Nichols, Michelle; Garcia, David Alire (21 October 2022). "U.N. unanimously passes Haiti sanctions, targets gang leader". Reuters . Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  26. ↑ Kelemen, Michele (21 October 2022). "The U.N. imposes sanctions against Haiti's gang members". NPR . Retrieved 21 October 2022.
  27. ↑ Charles, Jacqueline (4 March 2024). "Haiti has deployed its army; troops joined police to push back gang takeover of airport". Miami Herald. McClatchy Media Network. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  28. ↑ Taylor, Luke (4 March 2024). "Haiti's weekend of violence puts government future in doubt". The Guardian. Guardian News & Media. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  29. ↑ Berg, Matt; Toosi, Nahal; Ward, Alexander (5 March 2024). "'Catastrophic' fears in Washington as Haiti crisis worsens". Politico. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  30. ↑ Ives, Kim (2024-03-06). "Ariel Henry: An Itinerant Ex-Prime Minister Without a Country". Haïti Liberté.
  31. ↑ Wilkinson, Bert (2024-03-09). "Caribbean leaders call a emergency meeting Monday on Haiti, calling the situation there 'dire'". Washington Post. Retrieved 2024-03-09.
  32. ↑ Sanon, Evens; Goodman, Joshua; Coto, Dánica (5 March 2024). "Haitian prime minister lands in Puerto Rico as he tries to return home to quell gang violence". AP News. The Associated Press. Archived from the original on 5 March 2024. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
  33. ↑ "Convicted drug trafficker testifies that he bribed Honduran president". The Guardian. 2021-03-11. Retrieved 2021-05-10.
  34. ↑ "Honduras drugs: President's brother gets life in prison". BBC News. 2021-03-31. Retrieved 2021-05-10.
  35. ↑ Díaz, Bastián (29 November 2021). "Xiomara Castro, la izquierdista que se perfila como la primera mujer Presidenta de Honduras". La Tercera.
  36. ↑ Señala AMLO que su reto para 2020 es serenar a México Aristegui Noticias, 2 Jan 2020 Una "reaparición fortalecida" del narco y la presión de Trump: la seguridad será el mayor reto de AMLO en 2020 by Patricia Velez Santiago, Univision Noticias, 2 Jan 2020
  37. ↑ Sector salud, el principal reto para el gobierno de AMLO en 2020 El Sol de Mexico, 29 December 2019
  38. ↑ "Top 5: Retos de AMLO en 2020" [Top 5: Challenges for AMLO in 2020]. Diario Contrapeso Ciudadano (in Spanish). Jan 8, 2020.
  39. ↑ Define AMLO los dos retos por resolver este 2020: Seguridad Pública y Seguridad Social. Billie Parker Noticias, 14 Jan 2020
  40. ↑ AMLO responde a Jorge Ramos: en diciembre, resultados sobre seguridad by Sara Pantoja, Proceso, 15 Jan 2020
  41. ↑ More than 15,000 march in Monterrey (in Spanish) by Caroline Leon, Milenio, 9 Mar 2020 Thousands of women march on CDMX between slogans, graffiti, and claims for justice (in Spanish) Expansion Politica, 8 Mar 2020
  42. ↑ Fury fuels historic women's strike in Mexico By Will Grant BBC News, 9 Mar 2020 "Today, they did not arrive": This is how Mexico looks for # El9NadieSeMueve (in Spanish) by Gustavo Álvarez, 24 Horas, 9 Mar 2020 Women's strike paralyzes the Chamber of Deputies by Fernando Damián, Milenio, 9 Mar 2020 Bank branches closed in response to women's strike (in Spanish) La Jornada, 9 Mar 2020
  43. 1 2 3 Kahn, Carrie (20 May 2021). "Ortega Targets Opposition Figures As Nicaraguan Elections Approach". NPR. Archived from the original on 24 May 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
  44. ↑ "Nicaragua opens probe into presidential hopeful Chamorro". Reuters. 21 May 2021. Archived from the original on 24 May 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
  45. ↑ "Régimen arresta al precandidato presidencial Arturo Cruz". Confidencial (in Spanish). 2021-06-05. Retrieved 2021-06-05.
  46. ↑ "Nicaragua arrests a third potential challenger to Ortega". WRAL.com. 2021-06-08. Archived from the original on 2021-06-08. Retrieved 2021-06-08.
  47. ↑ "Nicaragua arrests 2 more potential challengers to Ortega". Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286. Archived from the original on 2021-06-10. Retrieved 2021-06-09.
  48. ↑ "Policía Nacional captura a Miguel Mora". Vos TV (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-06-21.
  49. ↑ Miranda, Wilfredo (6 July 2021). "Ortega encarcela a líderes estudiantiles y del movimiento campesino en Nicaragua". EL PAÍS (in Spanish). Retrieved 6 July 2021.
  50. 1 2 "Fiscalía cita a María Asunción Moreno tras anunciar su precandidatura presidencial". 100noticias.com.ni (in Spanish). July 10, 2021. Retrieved 2021-07-25.
  51. ↑ "Aspirante presidencial denuncia "persecución" y abandona Nicaragua". CNN (in Spanish). 2021-07-26. Retrieved 2021-08-02.
  52. ↑ "Luis Fley, precandidato presidencial, se exilia por amenazas de ser encarcelado por el régimen". La Prensa (in Spanish). 2021-07-12. Archived from the original on July 13, 2021. Retrieved 2021-07-13.
  53. ↑ "Régimen de Daniel Ortega arrestó a otro candidato presidencial". Noticias de El Salvador (in Spanish). 2021-07-24. Retrieved 2021-07-24.
  54. ↑ "Policía detiene a estudiantes y líderes campesinos en redada nocturna". Confidencial (in Spanish). 6 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
  55. 1 2 "OAS Condemns Arrests of Opposition in Nicaragua". Confidencial. 2021-06-16. Retrieved 2021-06-22.
  56. ↑ "Embajadores de México y Argentina en Nicaragua, a consultas". AP NEWS. 2021-06-21. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
  57. ↑ Taylor, Derrick Bryson (June 2, 2020). "George Floyd Protests: A Timeline". The New York Times . Archived from the original on June 2, 2020. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
  58. ↑ Rumpf, Sarah (May 29, 2020). "Derek Chauvin Had Knee on George Floyd's Neck for Almost 3 Minutes AFTER Floyd Was Unresponsive: Officials". Mediaite . The defendant had his knee on Mr. Floyd's neck for 8 minutes and 46 seconds in total. Two minutes and 53 seconds of this was after Mr. Floyd was non-responsive, concludes the complaint.
  59. ↑ Lovett, Ian (2020-06-04). "1992 Los Angeles Riots: How the George Floyd Protests Are Different" . The Wall Street Journal. ISSN   0099-9660 . Retrieved 2020-06-07.
  60. ↑ Betz, Bradford (May 31, 2020). "George Floyd unrest: Riots, fires, violence escalate in several major cities". Fox News. Retrieved June 1, 2020.
  61. ↑ "Widespread unrest as curfews defied across US". BBC News. 2020-05-31. Retrieved 2020-06-07.
  62. ↑ Kindy, Kimberly; Jacobs, Shayna; Farenthold, David (June 5, 2020). "In protests against police brutality, videos capture more alleged police brutality". Washington Post. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  63. ↑ Warren, Katy; Hadden, Joey (June 4, 2020). "How all 50 states are responding to the George Floyd protests, from imposing curfews to calling in the National Guard". Business Insider. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
  64. ↑ Browne, Ryan; Lee, Alicia; Rigdon, Renee. "There are as many National Guard members activated in the US as there are active duty troops in Iraq, Syria and Afghanistan". CNN. Retrieved June 2, 2020.
  65. ↑ Brantley, Max (June 1, 2020). "Governor reveals National Guard activated and participated in shutdown of Sunday demonstration". Arkansas Times. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
  66. ↑ "Associated Press tally shows at least 9,300 people arrested in protests since killing of George Floyd". Associated Press. June 3, 2020. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
  67. ↑ Condon, Bernard; Richmond, Todd; Sisak, Michael R. (June 3, 2020). "What to know about 4 officers charged in George Floyd's death". ABC7 Chicago. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  68. ↑ Crowley, Michael (November 6, 2020). "Trump's False Election Fraud Claims Split Republicans". The New York Times . Archived from the original on November 16, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.