2025 Tibet earthquake

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2025 Tibet earthquake
2025 Tibet earthquake aftermath.png
Collapsed and damaged homes in Tingri County
China edcp relief location map.jpg
Bullseye1.png
UTC  time2025-01-07 01:05:16
ISC  event 642702627
USGS-ANSS ComCat
Local date7 January 2025 (2025-01-07)
Local time09:05 CST (UTC+8)
Duration24 seconds
Magnitude Mw 7.1
Ms 6.8
Depth10.0 km (6.2 mi)
Epicenter 28°38′20″N87°21′40″E / 28.639°N 87.361°E / 28.639; 87.361
Type Normal
Areas affected Southwestern China, Nepal and northern India
Max. intensity CSIS IX (MMI IX)
Peak acceleration0.419 g
Foreshocksmb 4.1 [1]
Aftershocks3,614 recorded
Strongest: mb 5.4 [2]
Casualties

On 7 January 2025 at 09:05 CST (UTC+8), an earthquake measuring Mw 7.1 struck Tingri County, located in the Shigatse prefecture-level city of the Tibet Autonomous Region of Southwestern China. [3] Between 126 and 400 people were killed [a] and 338 were injured in the region. The earthquake also injured 13 people in Nepal and caused minor damage in Northern India. Shaking was felt across South Asia. The earthquake was the largest in China since the Maduo earthquake in May 2021 and the deadliest since the Jishishan earthquake in December 2023. [5] [6] It was caused by normal faulting and originated within the continental crust at 10 km (6.2 mi) depth. [3]

Contents

Earthquake

USGS ShakeMap illustrating ground motion around the epicentre 2025-01-07 2025 Xizang, China Earthquake M7.1 earthquake ShakeMap.pdf
USGS ShakeMap illustrating ground motion around the epicentre

The United States Geological Survey noted that the earthquake measured a moment magnitude (Mw ) of 7.1, while the China Earthquake Networks Center documented its magnitude at Ms 6.8. The shock occurred at 10 km (6.2 mi) depth, indicating it occurred within the continental crust that forms the Tibetan Plateau. [7] It was caused by normal faulting with a minor strike-slip component. [8] Focal mechanism solutions indicate that the rupture occurred on a north-south striking fault, dipping moderately to either to the east or west. [3] The epicentre was at Tsogo Township in Tingri County, an area with an average altitude of 4,500 m (14,800 ft). [9] Moment magnitude and surface wave magnitude (MS) are two slightly different ways to measure the strength of an earthquake; moment magnitude is more recently developed to measure total energy released by the earthquake. [10]

Modelling of the rupture by the United States Geological Survey revealed motion along a north–northeast striking fault dipping west–northwest or north–northwest striking fault dipping east–northeast. In both solutions, co-seismic slip occurred for about 80 km (50 mi) along strike and extended to 20 km (12 mi) depth. The maximum slip in these solutions were 1.6 m (5 ft 3 in) and 1.3 m (4 ft 3 in), respectively. A rupture area of about 80 km (50 mi) x 20 km (12 mi) was estimated, extending from Ngamring County to southern Tingri County near the border with Nepal. [3] Seismologists at the China Earthquake Networks Center said the mainshock originated within the Lhasa terrane, a crustal block that forms part of the plateau. [11] Geologic activity causes north–south compression and east−west extension within the plateau which are accommodated by faults. [12]

The China Earthquake Administration evaluated that the enture rupture occurred within 24 seconds, releasing a seismic moment estimated at 4.0469 × 1019 Nm. The greatest moment release occurred 14 seconds after the rupture initiated. The rupture propagated bilaterally along a normal fault, but most of it was directed northward. The institution also determined that there was a high likelihood of surface rupture. [8] Surface ruptures were later mapped via satellite imagery; they occurred on the eastern shores of Dengme Co lake discontinuously for 11 km (6.8 mi). These ruptures exhibited normal faulting characteristics. [13] The Ministry of Natural Resources projected a 50 km (31 mi) rupture extending to 16 km (9.9 mi) depth by using seismic inversion of InSAR data. Much of the coseismic slip occurred at 1 to 5 km (0.62 to 3.11 mi) depth and a maximum slip of 6 m (20 ft) was Inferred at 1 to 2 km (0.62 to 1.24 mi) depth. [14] In Changsuo Township vertical scarps of 3 m (9.8 ft) were measured along a zone of ruptures nearly 4 km (2.5 mi) long at 5,300 to 5,500 m (17,400 to 18,000 ft) elevation. [15]

In a survey by the China Earthquake Administration, intensity VI or higher on the China seismic intensity scale was felt for more than 23,986 km2 (9,261 sq mi) along a general north–south trend. A 411 km2 (159 sq mi) area was assigned IX including Changsuo, Quluo, Cuoguo, Nixia and Jiacuo townships. Intensity VIII formed a band around the meizoseismal area for 869 km2 (336 sq mi) which encompassed 8 townships. Twenty townships across Tingri, Lhazi, Dinggye, Sakya and Angren counties were within the VII isoseismal band that was assigned to a 5,350 km2 (2,070 sq mi) area. [16] At least 3,614 aftershocks followed the mainshock by 14 January. [17]

Tectonic setting

The Tibetan plateau attains its high elevation due to crustal thickening caused by the collision of the Indian tectonic plate with the Eurasian plate, creating the Himalayas. [18] Faulting within the plateau is associated with strike-slip and normal mechanisms. The plateau extends in an east–west direction evidenced by north–south striking grabens, strike-slip faulting and GPS data. [19] In the northern region, strike-slip faulting constitutes the dominant style of tectonics while in the south, the dominant tectonic domain is east-west extension on north–south trending normal faults. [20] Seven north–south trending rifts and normal faults were first discovered in southern Tibet during the late 1970s and early 1980s using satellite imagery. They began formation when extension occurred some 4 to 8 million years ago. [21]

The largest earthquakes in Tibet, with magnitudes of 8.0 or similar, occur along strike-slip faults. Normal faulting earthquakes are smaller in magnitudes; in 2008, five normal faulting earthquakes with magnitudes of 5.9 to 7.1 occurred in various locations across the plateau. These earthquakes occurred on faults with dip angles of 40 to 50 degrees and extended to a depth of 10 to 15 km (6.2 to 9.3 mi). [19] A 2010 study in Geophysical Journal International observed within the past 43 years that 85 percent of the seismic moment released during normal faulting earthquakes occurred in areas of more than 4.5 to 5 km (2.8 to 3.1 mi) elevation. This may suggest normal faulting earthquakes are dependent on gravitational potential energy to trigger these ruptures. [19]

Since 1949, 37 earthquakes of Ms  5.0–5.9, 7 of Ms  6.0–6.9, and 1 of Ms  7.0–7.9 have been recorded within 200 km (120 mi) of the epicentre. It was the deadliest earthquake in the immediate area since a Ms 6.6 event occurred in Yadong County on 20 November 1980. That earthquake had an epicenter 176 km (109 mi) away and killed 3 people in the county. The 7 January 2025 earthquake was also the largest in the area since a Ms 7.1 struck 171 km (106 mi) to the south on 26 April 2015. [22]

Impact

Casualties

The death toll is heavily disputed, with the Government of China providing its current official figure of 126 deaths on 8 January, based on search operations in 27 villages comprising 6,900 people within 20 km (12 mi) of the earthquake epicenter. Due to the lack of revisions, transparency, and censorship by the government, local Tibetans heavily criticized this figure, instead estimating 265 fatalities. Chinese authorities refuted this figure as a rumor and imposed administrative punishment on some locals for spreading "misinformation" online. Voice of America Tibet put the death toll at 134, citing data received from Tibet and confirmed by reliable sources. On 11 January, Radio Free Asia reported more than 400 fatalities, an estimate they cited from staff working at morgues in Tingri and Lhatse counties. [4]

At least 338 people were wounded, [23] including 19 in serious condition. [24] Local officials attributed the casualties to the collapse of poorly constructed traditional buildings. [25] On 8 January, rescuers said an unknown number of people remained missing as Chinese officials had not provided a figure. [26] The following day, officials said that any remaining missing persons would have likely died of hypothermia beneath the rubble of destroyed homes. [27] Fatalities occurred in Tingri, Lhatse and Sa'gya Counties. [28]

Damage

More than 27,200 buildings were damaged and 3,612 homes collapsed. [24] [29] [30] In some villages, 80 to 90 percent of homes were razed. [31] More than 1,000 homes collapsed in Tingri County, [28] and five sections of national and provincial roads were damaged by landslides, collapses and subsidence. [32] Altogether, 206 villages across 26 townships in five counties were affected. [24] In Dramtso, 100 died, [33] including two nuns due to a convent collapse [34] and 30 more in Gurong village, [33] where all homes were damaged, half of them severely. [35] In Lhatse County, debris covered streets and vehicles, and a hotel was damaged. [36] [37] Forty monasteries were damaged in the region, eight of them severely. [38] More than 170 China Mobile stations were disabled by the earthquake, although mobile services were restored nine hours later. [39] Cracks were discovered in five hydropower dams after they were inspected, and three were drained. At one dam in Tingri County, a tilted wall prompted 1,500 residents across six villages to evacuate. [40]

In Nepal, 13 people were injured, including 11 in Bara, and one each from Kavrepalanchok and Kathmandu. Two homes were destroyed, and 12 others and a police station were damaged across the country. [41] [42] [43] Near the base camp of Mount Everest, a climber on the mountain's Nepalese side saw avalanches. [26] In Bihar, India, several homes were slightly damaged in Samastipur district. [44] In Bhutan, two avalanches occurred above the Bechung glacier on a mountain in Lunana. [45]

The earthquake was widely felt in much of South Asia. In Kathmandu, about 400 km (250 mi) from the epicentre, residents fled their homes. Strong shaking was felt near Mount Everest, including Lobuche and Namche, Thimphu in Bhutan, and the northern Indian states of Bihar, Assam, and West Bengal. [46] Shaking was also felt in Dhaka, Bangladesh and other parts of the country. [47]

On 13 January, two aftershocks measuring Ms 4.9 and Ms 5.0 caused some houses to collapse in Tingri County. [17]

Response

Firefighters and rescuers at the earthquake rescue site in Shigatse 2025 Tibet earthquake aftermath 2.png
Firefighters and rescuers at the earthquake rescue site in Shigatse

Following the earthquake, more than 14,000 rescue personnel, [48] 340 medical workers, [49] 75 vehicles, four search dogs and 7,030 sets of equipment were dispatched to the epicentre. [50] The China Meteorological Administration issued a level-three emergency alert for the area. [51] To prevent further casualties during potential aftershocks, residents were evacuated. Local officials also allocated resources from the transport, water and village administrative departments to aid in rescue efforts. [52] The State Council's Earthquake Relief Command  [ zh ] and the Ministry of Emergency Management, in conjunction with the National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, distributed 22,000 units of centralised relief supplies, including cotton tents, cotton coats, quilts, and folding beds, as well as specialised relief materials for high-cold and high-altitude regions to the affected areas. [53] The national air force also participated in rescue efforts and sent drones to the area. [54] Air cargo, medical services, ground forces, and helicopters of the Western Theater Command Air Force were deployed. [55]

Temperatures in the area at the time of the earthquake were estimated to have been −8 °C (18 °F), and were expected to fall to −16 °C (3 °F) by night. [54] The Western Theater Command of the People's Liberation Army was also mobilised to assist in relief efforts. [56] The China Center for Resources Satellite Data and Application deployed eight satellites to monitor the area. [57] The Mount Qomolangma scenic area was temporarily closed and 530 visitors were evacuated. [58] [59]

Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, "ordered all-out rescue efforts". He urged the relevant bodies to treat the injured, repair damaged infrastructure, and relocate those displaced. [60] The Chinese government said it would allocate 100 million yuan ($13.6 million) for disaster relief. [29] In Nepal, security forces were deployed to areas affected by the earthquake. [61]

At 14:00 on 7 January, 30 officers and soldiers from the People's Armed Police Tibet Contingent arrived in the earthquake-affected region of Shigatse, while 359 other officers and soldiers hastened to the disaster zone. [62] [63] By the evening, China Central Television reported that more than 400 people were rescued, 14 housing areas were established, and at least 30,400 were relocated. All damaged roads were also reopened. [64] The initial consignment of over 5,800 cotton tents, garments, quilts, and other central relief supplies has reached the earthquake-affected regions of Tingri County, while the remaining more than 16,000 central relief items arrived in the disaster-impacted areas on 8 January. [65] More than 748,000 tonnes of food aid were also delivered. [66]

On 9 January, authorities concluded the first round of the search while prioritizing the displaced, [67] which grew to 61,500 people. [24] Missing numbers were expected but unknown, but experts believed that the chances of survival for those still trapped in the high-elevation and harsh environment were very slim after 48 hours due to hypothermia. The second round of the search was initiated on 9 January. [67] Authorities opened the La'ang Reservoir in Changsuo Township in Tingri County as a precaution, resulting in the evacuation of 1,500 people from six villages downstream. [68] By 31 January, 7,733 makeshift houses and 9,941 tents had been built to house 47,787 affected residents. [69]

Reactions

The 14th Dalai Lama, Tibet's exiled spiritual leader, said he was "deeply saddened" over the earthquake and offered prayers for the victims. [70] He held a memorial service for the victims in India's Karnataka state on 9 January, [71] while members of the Tibetan community also held a candle-light vigil in Dharamsala. [25] AI-generated images circulated on Chinese social media, and one netizen from Qinghai was placed in administrative detention for spreading AI image misinformation. [72] The Beijing-recognized 11th Panchen Lama, Gyaincain Norbu, held a donation drive with around 900 monks from Tashi Lhunpo Monastery in Shigatse that raised nearly 1.5 million yuan ($208,660). [73]

Dawa Tsering  [ zh ] Director of Tibet Policy Institute speaking to Voice of America , raised doubts about the number of casualties. According to Tsering, national and local government officials underreported and suppressed information from local residents, fearing punishments over sharing knowledge. Earthquake survivors also feared consequences if they spoke out. The latest casualty update was issued on 8 January and no data about missing persons were available. Similarly, Zeng Jianyuan at the Taiwan Association for Human Rights said there are strict communication control and censorship in Tibet, and information may be distorted. [74] On 9 January, the Tibetan Review noted the unchanged casualty figures, and the State Council Information Office in China did not respond to queries by Reuters regarding the death toll. [75] In Estonia, the Riigikogu called for transparency when sharing information among humanitarian groups and journalists. [76] On 15 January, Chinese state media said authorities investigated and punished 21 Tibetans for allegedly posting false information on the death toll; three were punished for posting that the death toll in quake-hit areas was more than 200. [38]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Tibetan sources estimate a higher death toll than officially reported by the Chinese government due to many local sources being prohibited from spreading any information of casualties. [4] See Casualties and Response sections for details.

Citations

  1. ↑ ANSS. "M 4.1 - Southern Tibetan Plateau 2025". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  2. ↑ ANSS. "M 5.4 - 96 km NNE of Lobuche, Nepal 2025". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  3. 1 2 3 4 ANSS. "M 7.1 – 2025 Xizang, China Earthquake 2025". Comprehensive Catalog. U.S. Geological Survey.
  4. 1 2 Tibet Earthquake: Tibetan resilience and future risks (Report). International Campaign for Tibet. 24 January 2025. Retrieved 31 January 2025.
  5. ↑ "Search Earthquake Catalog". U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
  6. ↑ Kua, Isabel (7 January 2025). "Quake In China's Tibet Kills 32 With Tremors Felt In Nepal, India". Barron's . Barron's. Agence France-Presse . Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  7. ↑ "西藏日喀则市定日县发生6.8级地震" [A 6.8-magnitude earthquake occurred in Dingri County, Shigatse City, Tibet]. China Earthquake Network (in Chinese). 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  8. 1 2 "2025年1月7日西藏日喀则市定日县6.8级 地震科技支撑简报" [Briefing on the scientific and technological support for the 6.8-magnitude earthquake in Dingri County, Shigatse City, Tibet on January 7, 2025] (in Chinese). China Earthquake Administration. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  9. ↑ "Strong Xizang earthquake: What we know". Xinhua News Agency. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  10. ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions: Moment magnitude, Richter scale - what are the different magnitude scales, and why are there so many?". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 29 December 2024. Retrieved 7 January 2025. Moment is a physical quantity proportional to the slip on the fault multiplied by the area of the fault surface that slips; it is related to the total energy released in the earthquake.
  11. ↑ "专家解析西藏日喀则市定日县6.8级地震成因" [Experts analyze the cause of the 6.8-magnitude earthquake in Dingri County, Shigatse City, Tibet]. 新闻频道_央视网(China Central Television) (in Chinese). 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  12. ↑ Tengfei, Zhang (7 January 2025). "专家：此次定日县地震为拉萨地块的1次能量释放" [Experts: The Dingri County earthquake was an energy release in the Lhasa block]. China Central Television (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  13. ↑ "地球所影像解译西藏定日6.8级地震的地表破裂特征" [Image interpretation of the surface rupture characteristics of the 6.8-magnitude Tingri earthquake in Tibet]. China Earthquake Administration (in Chinese). 7 January 2025. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
  14. ↑ Kai, Yu (8 January 2025). "卫星拍摄西藏定日震区：最大破裂位置较浅，最大位错量达6米" [Satellite images of the earthquake zone in Dingri, Tibet: the largest rupture is shallow, with the largest displacement reaching 6 meters]. The Paper (in Chinese). Sina Finance. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
  15. ↑ "地质所四川局西藏局联合调查团队发现定日地震的同震垂直位错量达3m" [The joint investigation team of the Sichuan Bureau and the Tibet Bureau of the Institute of Geology found that the co-seismic vertical displacement of the Dingri earthquake reached 3m]. Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration (in Chinese). 10 January 2025. Retrieved 10 January 2025.
  16. ↑ Jupeng, Wang (10 January 2025). "两部门发布西藏定日6.8级地震烈度图" [Two departments released the intensity map of the 6.8-magnitude earthquake in Tingri, Tibet]. China News Service (in Chinese). China Economic Net. Retrieved 10 January 2025.
  17. 1 2 "Over 3,600 aftershocks detected following 6.8-magnitude Xizang quake". Xinhua News Agency. 14 January 2025. Retrieved 15 January 2025.
  18. ↑ Madden-Nadeau, Amber (2014). "Overview of the geology of the Himalayas" (PDF). Geology for Global Development. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 November 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  19. 1 2 3 Elliott, J. R.; Walters, R. J.; England, P. C.; Jackson, J. A.; Li, Z.; Parsons, B. (2010). "Extension on the Tibetan plateau: recent normal faulting measured by InSAR and body wave seismology". Geophysical Journal International. 183 (2): 503–535. Bibcode:2010GeoJI.183..503E. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04754.x .
  20. ↑ Craig, Timothy J.; Copley, Alex; Jackson, James (2012). "Thermal and tectonic consequences of India underthrusting Tibet" (PDF). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 353–354: 231–239. Bibcode:2012E&PSL.353..231C. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2012.07.010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 January 2025. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
  21. ↑ Wu, Zhong-hai; Ye, Pei-sheng; Barosh, Patrick J.; Wu, Zhen-han (2011). "The October 6, 2008 Mw 6.3 magnitude Damxung earthquake, Yadong-Gulu rift, Tibet, and implications for present-day crustal deformation within Tibet". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 40 (4): 943–957. Bibcode:2011JAESc..40..943W. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.05.003.
  22. ↑ State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (7 January 2025). "西藏定日县6.8级地震诱发地质灾害预测" [Prediction of geological disasters induced by a magnitude 6.8 earthquake in Dingri County, Tibet] (in Chinese). Chengdu University of Technology. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  23. ↑ "Tibet hit by two powerful aftershocks of last week's earthquake". Reuters. 13 January 2025. Retrieved 13 January 2025.
  24. 1 2 3 4 "西藏強震災民增至6.15萬 3612間房屋倒塌" [Tibet earthquake victims increase to 61500, 3612 houses collapsed]. Central News Agency (in Chinese). 9 January 2025. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  25. 1 2 "Dalai Lama urges compassion, solidarity after Tibet quake". UCA News. 8 January 2025. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  26. 1 2 "Urgency mounts in search for survivors of powerful Tibet earthquake". The Straits Times. Reuters. 8 January 2025. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
  27. ↑ "Search widens for Tibet quake survivors as tens of thousands moved to shelters". FBC News. 9 January 2025. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  28. 1 2 "西藏6.8级地震已致36人遇难" [6.8-magnitude earthquake in Tibet kills 36 people]. Nanfang Daily. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  29. 1 2 "Strong earthquake kills at least 126 people in western China near Mount Everest". Associated Press. 7 January 2025. Archived from the original on 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  30. ↑ "西藏6.8级震塌屋数千 至少126死(组图)" [Tibet 6.8 earthquake collapses thousands of buildings, at least 126 dead (photos)]. Ming Pao News Network (in Chinese). Mingshengbao. 8 January 2025. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  31. ↑ Leplâtre, Simon (8 January 2025). "Tibet earthquake: 'In the worst-hit villages, 80-90% of houses have collapsed'". Le Monde. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  32. ↑ "西藏定日受损公路实现单幅通行" [The damaged highway in Tibet's Dingri is now open to traffic]. China Traffic News Network (in Chinese). Ministry of Transport. 8 January 2025. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
  33. 1 2 "At least 100 dead in one Tibetan township in wake of deadly earthquake". Radio Free Asia. 11 January 2025. Retrieved 11 January 2025.
  34. ↑ "Dalai Lama says no reason to be angry at China over Tibet quake". Radio Free Asia. 9 January 2025. Retrieved 10 January 2025.
  35. ↑ "定日县古荣村全村房屋几乎都受损幸存者已被妥善安置". China News. 8 January 2025. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
  36. ↑ "Powerful earthquake rocks remote region of Tibet and parts of Nepal, killing more than 120". KEYT-TV. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  37. ↑ "西藏6.8地震「大量房屋倒塌」已有人身亡「居民受困搶救中」" (in Chinese). Eastern Broadcasting Company. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  38. 1 2 "At least 8 Tibetan monasteries, nunneries heavily damaged by earthquake". Radio Free Asia. 16 January 2025. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  39. ↑ Hongming, Liu; Xingxiang, Qiu (7 January 2025). "西藏定日县地震已致126人遇难、188人受伤" [The earthquake in Dingri County, Tibet has caused 126 deaths and 188 injuries]. Science and Technology Daily (in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency . Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  40. ↑ Woo, Ryan (16 January 2025). "China reports problems at five reservoirs in Tibet after earthquake". Reuters. Retrieved 18 January 2025.
  41. ↑ "भूकम्पका कारण सिन्धुपाल्चोकको फुल्पिङकट्टी चौकीमा क्षति" (in Nepali). Ratopati. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  42. ↑ "Powerful Tibet earthquake kills nearly 100, rattles Nepal". Reuters. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  43. ↑ "भूकम्पबाट नेपालमा १३ जना घाइते" (in Nepali). Nayapatrika Daily. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  44. ↑ "शौचालय से आई चिटचिटाने की आवाज, बाहर निकला तो दीवारों पर दिखी दरारें, भूकंप के झटकों से दहला बिहार" (in Hindi). News 18. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  45. ↑ Lhaden, Yangyel (9 January 2025). "Tibet earthquake triggers avalanches in Lunana". Kuensel Online. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  46. ↑ Sharma, Nonika (7 January 2025). "95 Dead After 7.1 Magnitude Earthquake Hits Tibet, Tremors Felt In Patna, Guwahati: Highlights". NDTV. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  47. ↑ "Major earthquake jolts parts of Bangladesh". Dhaka Tribune. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  48. ↑ "Hundreds rescued as search for quake survivors continues in Tibet". Daily News . 8 January 2025. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
  49. ↑ "95 dead, 130 injured in Xizang 6.8-magnitude quake". Xinhua News Agency. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  50. ↑ "西藏日喀则6.8级地震救援情况 震中有人员被困". Economic Daily (in Chinese). 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  51. ↑ Jiexi, Su (7 January 2024). "中国气象局启动地震灾害气象服务三级应急响应" [China Meteorological Administration launches Level 3 emergency response for earthquake disaster meteorological services]. China Meteorological Administration (in Chinese). Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  52. ↑ "53 killed after 6.8-magnitude quake hits Xizang". Asia News Network. Kathmandu Post. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  53. ↑ "三部门紧急调拨2.2万件中央救灾物资 支援西藏定日县地震救灾救助-新华网". Xinhua News Agency (in Chinese). 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  54. 1 2 Bicker, Laura; Ewe, Koh (7 January 2025). "Tibet earthquake rescuers search for survivors in freezing temperatures". BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  55. ↑ "西部战区空军无人机起飞！赴震中勘察情况" [Western Theater Command Air Force drone takes off to investigate the epicenter]. Xinhua News Agency (in Chinese). 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  56. ↑ "All-out rescue efforts underway following Xizang 6.8-magnitude quake". Xinhua News Agency. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  57. ↑ "China deploys satellites for Xizang 6.8-magnitude quake rescue efforts". Xinhua News Agency. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  58. ↑ "Mount Qomolangma scenic area closed after 6.8-magnitude quake hit Xizang". Xinhua News Agency. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  59. ↑ "Powerful earthquake rocks remote region of Tibet and parts of Nepal, killing more than 120". CNN. 7 January 2025. Archived from the original on 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  60. ↑ "Update: Xi orders all-out rescue efforts following heavy casualties in 6.8-magnitude Xizang quake". Xinhua News Agency. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  61. ↑ "Powerful earthquake kills more than 50 in Tibet". France 24. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  62. ↑ "武警西藏总队先头救援力量已抵达震区-新华网". Xinhua News Agency (in Chinese). 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  63. ↑ "武警西藏总队先头救援力量已抵达震区". ce (in Chinese). 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  64. ↑ Qin, Chen (7 January 2025). "西藏定日县地震已致126人遇难 188人受伤" [The earthquake in Dingri County, Tibet has caused 126 deaths and 188 injuries]. China Central Television (in Chinese). Economic Daily. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  65. ↑ "首批中央救灾物资已运抵西藏日喀则地震灾区-中新网". China News Service (in Chinese). 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
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  67. 1 2 Cash, Joe; Woo, Ryan (9 January 2025). "Search widens for Tibet quake survivors as tens of thousands moved to shelters". Reuters. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  68. ↑ "China Focus: Tibetans hit by 6.8-magnitude quake kept warm, reservoir risks stemmed". Xinhua News Agency. 16 January 2025. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  69. ↑ "China's Xizang completes transitional housing for quake-affected residents". Xinhua News Agency. 1 February 2025. Retrieved 31 January 2025.
  70. ↑ "Dalai Lama 'Deeply Saddened' By Tibet Earthquake Deaths". Barron's. 7 January 2025. Retrieved 7 January 2025.
  71. ↑ "Dalai Lama offers prayers for Tibet earthquake victims". NHK. 9 January 2025. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  72. ↑ "用灾害博流量"小男孩被埋图"涉案网民被行拘". Lianhe Zaobao (in Simplified Chinese). 11 January 2025.
  73. ↑ "Panchen Rinpoche makes donation for quake-hit area in Xizang". Xinhua News Agency. 8 January 2025. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  74. ↑ "西藏强震逾300人伤亡 灾情与信息透明度引关注" [More than 300 people were killed or injured in the Tibet earthquake; the disaster and information transparency have attracted attention]. Voice of America (in Chinese). 9 January 2025. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  75. ↑ "Update: Number of reported dead, injured from Tibet earthquake unchanged; no info on missing; 61,500 people affectedUpdate: Number of reported dead, injured from Tibet earthquake unchanged; no info on missing; 61,500 people affected". Tibetan Review. 9 January 2025. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  76. ↑ "Prayers and call for transparent info sharing on Tibet earthquake". Tibetan Review. 9 January 2025. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
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