German submarine U-977

Last updated

Submarino Aleman U-977.jpg
U-977 moored at Mar del Plata naval base
History
War ensign of Germany (1938-1945).svg Nazi Germany
NameU-977
Ordered5 June 1941
Builder Blohm & Voss, Hamburg
Yard number177
Laid down24 July 1942
Launched31 March 1943
Commissioned6 May 1943
CapturedSurrendered to Argentine Navy on 17 August 1945 at Mar del Plata, Argentina
FateSunk by torpedo from USS Atule during torpedo trials on 13 November 1946
General characteristics
Class and type Type VIIC submarine
Displacement
Length
Beam
  • 6.20 m (20.3 ft) o/a
  • 4.70 m (15.4 ft) pressure hull
Draught4.74 m (15.6 ft)
Propulsion
  • Surfaced: 3,200 PS (2,400 kW; 3,200 bhp)
  • Submerged: 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp)
Speed
  • Surfaced 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph)
  • submerged 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph)
Range
  • Surfaced: 8,500 nmi (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
  • submerged: 80 nmi (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph)
Test depthCalculated crush depth: 220 m (720 ft)
Complement4 officers, 40–56 enlisted
Armament
Service record
Part of:
Identification codes: M 51 994
Commanders:
  • Oblt.z.S. / Kptlt. Hans Leilich
  • 6 May 1943 – March 1945
  • Oblt.z.S. Heinz Schäffer
  • March – 17 August 1945
Operations:
  • 1 patrol:
  • 2 May – 17 August 1945
Victories: None

German submarine U-977 was a World War II Type VIIC U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine which escaped to Argentina after Germany's surrender. The submarine's voyage to Argentina led to legends, apocryphal stories and conspiracy theories that it and U-530 had transported escaping Nazi leaders (such as Adolf Hitler) and/or Nazi gold to South America, that it had made a secret voyage to Antarctica, and even that it sank the Brazilian cruiser Bahia as the last act of the Battle of the Atlantic. [1] [2]

Contents

Design

German Type VIIC submarines were preceded by the shorter Type VIIB submarines.

U-977 was powered by two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines while surfaced and two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers.

U-977 had a complement of between 44 and 60 men. [3]

Flak gun

U-977 mounted a single 3.7 cm Flakzwilling M42U gun on the rare LM 43U mount. The LM 43U mount was the final design of mount used on U-boats and is only known to be installed on (U-249, U-826, U-1023, U-1171, U-1305 and U-1306).[ citation needed ] The 3.7 cm Flak M42U was the marine version of the 3.7 cm Flak, used by the Kriegsmarine on Type VII and Type IX U-boats.

Service history

Route and stations of U-977: Sailing date in Kiel, April 1945 (1), intermediate station in Norway, 2 May 1945 (2), end of the war, 8 May 1945 (3), return to Norway and start of the submerged passage, 10 May 1945 (4), end of the submerged passage and touch at the Cape Verde Islands, July 1945 (5), arriving in Mar del Plata, Argentina, 17 August 1945 (6) Route U 977 April-August 1945.jpg
Route and stations of U-977: Sailing date in Kiel, April 1945 (1), intermediate station in Norway, 2 May 1945 (2), end of the war, 8 May 1945 (3), return to Norway and start of the submerged passage, 10 May 1945 (4), end of the submerged passage and touch at the Cape Verde Islands, July 1945 (5), arriving in Mar del Plata, Argentina, 17 August 1945 (6)

U-977 was launched on 31 March 1943. She was used in training and made no war patrols during her first two years of service. On 2 May 1945 she was sent on her first war patrol, sailing from Kristiansand, Norway, commanded by Oberleutnant zur See Heinz Schäffer (1921–1979). Schäffer's orders were to enter the British port of Southampton and sink any shipping there. This would have been a very dangerous assignment for a Type VII boat. When Admiral Dönitz ordered all attack submarines to stand down on 5 May 1945, U-977 was outbound north of Scotland.

Voyage to Argentina

Oblt.z.S. Schäffer decided to sail to Argentina rather than surrender. During later interrogation, Schäffer said his main reason was a German propaganda broadcast by Goebbels, which claimed that the Allies' Morgenthau Plan would turn Germany into a "goat pasture" and that all German men would be "enslaved and sterilized".[ citation needed ] Other factors were remembrances of the poor conditions and long delays that German POWs suffered through, in being repatriated at the end of World War I (some being subjected to forced labor), and the hope of better living conditions in Argentina, which had a large German community.

Schäffer offered the married crewmen the option of going ashore in Europe. Sixteen chose to do so and were landed from dinghies on Holsnøy island near Bergen on 10 May.[ citation needed ]

U-977 then sailed to Argentina. Schäffer's version of the voyage states that from 10 May to 14 July 1945 she made a continuous submerged Schnorchel passage, "at 66 days the second longest in the war [sic - Germany had surrendered] (after U-978's 68 days)".

The U.S. Navy (USN) interrogated the crew and issued a report on 19 September 1945. [4] The report does not mention a 66-day submerged voyage, but states that U-977 "made for the Iceland Passage on course 300° [that is, northwest by west] diving once on sighting a plane and once on sighting a ship; she was also DF'd many times late in May". (This could also mean traveling at snorkel depth and then diving on contact; possible translation errors during interrogations.)

According to the Navy report, the submarine stopped in the Cape Verde Islands for a short break, then completed the trip traveling on the surface using one engine. Crossing the equator on 23 July, she arrived in Mar del Plata, Argentina on 17 August after 99 days at sea from Bergen and a voyage of 14,157 km (7,644 nmi, 8,797 mi). These points agree with Schäffer's report that he stopped at Cape Verde Islands for a short break and crossed the equator on 23 or 24 July 1945.

Schäffer said that, after the short Cape Verde break, they completed the rest of the trip to Mar del Plata alternately on the surface and submerged. [5]

After surrendering to the Argentine authorities, as had happened to the crew of U-530, they were extradited to the US where they responded to the charge of having torpedoed the cruiser Bahia, and then to the UK, where they faced accusations that they had landed Nazi leaders in Argentina before surrendering. Schäffer was released in 1947. U-977 like U-530 was seized by the US Navy, and sunk during naval firing exercises, in its case in 1946, when it was used as a target. [6]

In the arts

Schäffer later wrote a book: U-977 – 66 Tage unter Wasser ("U-977 – 66 Days Under Water"), the first postwar memoir by a former U-boat officer. It was published in 1952, and was translated into English under the title U-Boat 977.

A documentary film U-977 - 66 Days Under Water directed by Nadine Poulain, Schäffer's granddaughter, was in the final stages of production in 2014.

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">3.7 cm Flak M42</span> Anti-aircraft gun

The 3.7 cm Flak M42 was the marine version of the 3.7-centimetre (1.5 in) Flak 36/37 and used by the Kriegsmarine on surface ships and as the M42U on Type VII and Type IX U-boats. The 3.7 cm Flak M42U used several types of mounts and entered service in autumn 1943.

References

  1. ↑ Salinas & De Nápoli , 2002.
  2. ↑ Paterson, 2009. Pages 27 to 33.
  3. ↑ Gröner 1991, pp. 43–46.
  4. ↑ Office of Naval Intelligence (19 September 1945). "Report on the Interrogation of Prisoners from U-977 (File Op-16-2)". U.S. Navy. Archived from the original on 29 March 2009. Retrieved 21 August 2009.
  5. ↑ Paterson, 2009. Pages 27 to 33.
  6. ↑ Kittel & Graf, 2015. p.93.

Bibliography

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