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Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is a phosphatase in humans and is encoded by the PTEN gene. Mutations of this gene are a step in the development of many cancers, specifically glioblastoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. Genes corresponding to PTEN (orthologs) have been identified in most mammals for which complete genome data are available.
Phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3), abbreviated PIP3, is the product of the class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases' (PI 3-kinases) phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP2). It is a phospholipid that resides on the plasma membrane.
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate or PtdIns(4,5)P2, also known simply as PIP2 or PI(4,5)P2, is a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes. PtdIns(4,5)P2 is enriched at the plasma membrane where it is a substrate for a number of important signaling proteins. PIP2 also forms lipid clusters that sort proteins.
Phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate is a minor phospholipid component of cell membranes, yet an important second messenger. The generation of PtdIns(3,4)P2 at the plasma membrane activates a number of important cell signaling pathways.
SH2-domain containing Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the INPPL1 gene.
The enzyme inositol-1,4-bisphosphate 1-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.57) catalyzes the reaction
The enzyme phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.66) that catalyzes the reaction
The enzyme phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.36) catalyzes the reaction
Phospholipase C epsilon 1 (PLCE1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLCE1 gene. This gene encodes a phospholipase enzyme (PLCE1) that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate to generate two second messengers: inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). Mutations in this gene cause early-onset nephrotic syndrome and have been associated with respiratory chain deficiency with diffuse mesangial sclerosis.
Type I inositol-3,4-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the INPP4A gene.
Inositol polyphosphate 1-phosphatase is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the INPP1 gene. INPP1 encodes the enzyme inositol polyphosphate-1-phosphatase, one of the enzymes involved in phosphatidylinositol signaling pathways. This enzyme removes the phosphate group at position 1 of the inositol ring from the polyphosphates inositol 1,4-bisphosphate and inositol 1,3,4-trisphophosphate.
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the INPP5J gene.
SKIP is an acronym for Skeletal muscle and kidney enriched inositol phosphatase, which is a human gene.
MORM syndrome is an autosomal recessive congenital disorder characterized by mental retardation, truncal obesity, retinal dystrophy, and micropenis". The disorder shares similar characteristics with Bardet–Biedl syndrome and Cohen syndrome, both of which are autosomal recessive genetic disorders. MORM syndrome can be distinguished from the above disorders because symptoms appear at a young age. The disorder is not dependent on sex of the offspring, both male and female offspring are equally likely to inherit the disorder.
Phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (PtdIns5P) is a phosphoinositide, one of the phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), that are well-established membrane-anchored regulatory molecules. Phosphoinositides participate in signaling events that control cytoskeletal dynamics, intracellular membrane trafficking, cell proliferation and many other cellular functions. Generally, phosphoinositides transduce signals by recruiting specific phosphoinositide-binding proteins to intracellular membranes.
Polyphosphoinositide phosphatase also known as phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate 5-phosphatase or SAC domain-containing protein 3 (Sac3) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FIG4 gene. Fig4 is an abbreviation for Factor-Induced Gene.
Inositol polyphosphate-4-phosphatase, type II, 105kDa is a protein that in humans is encoded by the INPP4B gene.
Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.78, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase I, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase II, type I PtdIns-4,5-P2 4-Ptase, type II PtdIns-4,5-P2 4-Ptase, IpgD, PtdIns-4,5-P2 4-phosphatase type I, PtdIns-4,5-P2 4-phosphatase type II, type I phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase, type 1 4-phosphatase) is an enzyme with systematic name 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase is an enzyme with systematic name 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphohydrolase, that has two isoforms: SHIP1 and SHIP2 (INPPL1).
Inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase F is a protein that in humans is encoded by the INPP5F gene.
References
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase".
- ↑ Kisseleva MV, Wilson MP, Majerus PW (June 2000). "The isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding phospholipid-specific inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (26): 20110–6. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M910119199 . PMID 10764818.
- ↑ Hampshire DJ, Ayub M, Springell K, Roberts E, Jafri H, Rashid Y, Bond J, Riley JH, Woods CG (May 2006). "MORM syndrome (mental retardation, truncal obesity, retinal dystrophy and micropenis), a new autosomal recessive disorder, links to 9q34" (PDF). European Journal of Human Genetics. 14 (5): 543–8. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201577. PMID 16493448. S2CID 20931689.
- ↑ Bielas SL, Silhavy JL, Brancati F, Kisseleva MV, Al-Gazali L, Sztriha L, Bayoumi RA, Zaki MS, Abdel-Aleem A, Rosti RO, Kayserili H, Swistun D, Scott LC, Bertini E, Boltshauser E, Fazzi E, Travaglini L, Field SJ, Gayral S, Jacoby M, Schurmans S, Dallapiccola B, Majerus PW, Valente EM, Gleeson JG (September 2009). "Mutations in INPP5E, encoding inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase E, link phosphatidyl inositol signaling to the ciliopathies". Nature Genetics. 41 (9): 1032–6. doi:10.1038/ng.423. PMC 2746682 . PMID 19668216.
