List of Vietnamese flags |
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Five-colour flags |
Nguyễn dynasty's administrative units |
Republic of Vietnam Military Forces |
French Indochina |
Religious flags |
The following is a list of flags used by the various religious communities that inhabit the country of Vietnam.
List of Vietnamese five-colour, or festival flags, those that incorporate imagery of other religions are listed at their specific sections.
Image | Type of flag | Descriptions |
---|---|---|
A popular variation of Vietnamese five-color flags. [1] | In Vietnamese culture, five-colour flags (Vietnamese : cờ ngũ sắc, Chữ Hán: 旗五色) or five elements flags (cờ ngũ hành, Chữ Hán: 旗五行) are traditionally flown during festivals and religious ceremonies. A five-colour flag consists of five concentric squares in red, green, yellow, and blue, representing the five elements (ngũ hành, Chữ Hán: 五行). The order of colours varies. The outermost square has three ragged edges, similar to fringing. The centre of the flag is sometimes defaced to commemorate a specific concept or personality. Historically, some imperial and military ensigns followed a similar pattern. | |
Variant Vietnamese five-colour flag. [1] | ||
Variant Vietnamese five-colour flag. [1] | ||
Others | ||
Thần (神) flag. | A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the yellow "神" character. Influences: | |
Flag of Thánh Trần. [2] [a] | Flag ratio is 2:2. | |
Funeral flag. [3] | ||
Mourning flag. [4] [3] | ||
Golden dragon variant. [5] | A Vietnamese five-colour flag with a golden dragon. Influences: | |
Festival flag of the Triều Châu Assembly Hall, Hội An. [4] |
The family flag (Cờ họ tộc) is considered one of the most sacred symbols of a family, symbolising the spirit, will, affection and strength of the family's unity. [5] Family flags are typically hung in front of or inside of space near roads, at temples, family mausoleums, and on the occasions of death, an anniversary, and the Tết Nguyên Đán holiday. [5] Most of the family flags are designed based on the structural principles of the traditional five-colour flag, with the square in the same red colour, and in its centre the family name (surname) is typically written in Chinese script in the colour yellow. [5] The most common style of writing the family name is in Khải thư , but in cases when the character is featured on both sides of the flag the obverse side typically features Khải thư while the reverse side typically features Chữ Triện . [5] Not all family flags maintain the five-colour scheme of traditional flags as some only feature 4 colours. [5]
Image | Type of flag | Descriptions |
---|---|---|
Five-colour surname flags (Cờ họ tộc) | ||
Bùi (裴) surname flag (Cờ họ Bùi). [5] | A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the Chữ Hán "裴". Influences: | |
Đặng (鄧) surname flag (Cờ họ Đặng). [5] | A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the Chữ Hán "鄧族". Influences: | |
Dương (楊) surname flag (Cờ họ Dương). [5] | A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the Chữ Hán "楊" and the Latin letters "Họ Dương Việt Nam". Influences: | |
Lưu (劉) surname flag (Cờ họ Lưu). [5] | A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the Chữ Hán "劉". Influences: | |
Lý (李) surname flag (Cờ họ Lý). [5] | A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the Chữ Hán "李". Influences: | |
Ngô (吳) surname flag (Cờ họ Ngô). [5] | A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the Chữ Hán "吳". Influences: | |
Ngô (吳) surname flag (Cờ họ Ngô). | A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the Latin letters "Gia Tộc Họ Ngô". Influences: | |
Phạm (范) surname flag (Cờ họ Phạm). [5] | A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the Chữ Hán "范". Influences: | |
Phùng (馮) surname flag (Cờ họ Phùng). [5] | A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the Chữ Hán "馮". Influences: | |
Trần (陳) surname flag (Cờ họ Trần). [5] | A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the Chữ Hán "陳". Influences: | |
Vũ / Võ (武) surname flag (Cờ họ Vũ / Võ). [5] | A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the Chữ Hán "武". Influences: |
Image | Type of flag | Descriptions |
---|---|---|
Green flag for the element wood and direction east. [b] [6] [7] | ||
Red flag for the element fire and direction south. [6] [7] | ||
White flag for the element metal and direction west. [6] [7] | ||
Black flag for the element water and direction north. [6] [7] | ||
Yellow flag for the element earth and direction centre. [6] [7] |
Image | Type of flag | Descriptions |
---|---|---|
Festival flag of the Quán Thánh Temple, Hanoi. [4] | Influences: | |
Fanion of the Quán Thánh Temple, Hanoi. [4] | Influences: |
Image | Type of flag | Descriptions |
---|---|---|
Flag of the Buddhist Sangha of Vietnam and the Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam. [8] [4] | The Buddhist Flag in Vietnam is composed of six vertical strips of equal width. The first five, from left to right, are coloured blue, yellow, red, white, and pink or light orange. The sixth strip is composed of five horizontal strips of equal width, with the same colours and in the same order, from bottom to top. To the Buddhist, each colour signifies a different virtue; but there is no consensus about which colour denotes which virtue. [c] [9] | |
Buddhist flag (Vertical variant). [4] | Influences: | |
Flag of the Vietnamese Buddhist Youth Association | ||
Flag of the Tu Giao Buddhist Association of Vietnam. [7] | ||
Flag of the Than Mau Association of Vietnam. [7] |
Followers of Hòa Hảo denomination of Buddhism use a plain brown (maroon) flag. The colour of which is of particular importance to the community, because the altars are made by placing a similar brown cloth on the wall to mark the point faced during the prayers as well as the habits of the Hòa Hảo clergy being also brown in colour. [10] In Vietnam, the Hòa Hảo religious flag is usually accompanied with the national Vietnamese flag. Among the Vietnamese diaspora, Hòa Hảo religious flag is typically used together with the pre-1975 flag of South Vietnam and the flag of the United States. [10]
Image | Type of flag | Descriptions |
---|---|---|
The flag of the Hòa Hảo religion, introduced in 1939. [10] [7] | Rectangular in shape and solid maroon in colour inasmuch as the Hòa Hảo believe that maroon is the combination of all colours and thus signifies unity of all people, regardless of race, skin colour, or language. [11] | |
Military flag of the Hòa Hảo religion. [7] | A brown field with the yellow letters "P.G.H.H.". Influences: | |
Military flag of the Hòa Hảo religion. [7] | A white scimitar on a maroon background. Influences: | |
Military flag of the Hòa Hảo religion. [7] |
Image | Type of flag | Descriptions |
---|---|---|
The Christian Flag is an ecumenical flag designed in the early 20th century to represent all of Christianity and Christendom. [12] Since its adoption by the United States Federal Council of Churches in 1942, it has been used by many Christian traditions. [13] [12] | The ground is white, representing peace, purity and innocence. In the upper corner is a blue square, the colour of the unclouded sky, emblematic of heaven, the home of the Christian; also a symbol of faith and trust. in the center of the blue is the cross, the ensign and chosen symbol of Christianity: the cross is red, typical of Christ's blood. [14] [15] |
Vietnamese Catholics have adopted localised symbols such as five-colour flags combined with Christian symbolism.
Image | Type of flag | Descriptions |
---|---|---|
Catholic Church flag. [1] | The Roman Catholic Church in Vietnam uses yellow-white horizontal bicolour, the same design is also used by the Roman Catholic Church in Poland, as well as in a number other countries. | |
Flag of Vietnamese Eucharistic Youth Association | ||
Catholic Vietnamese five-colours flag. [1] | A Vietnamese five-colour flag with a Latin cross in the middle. Influences: | |
Catholic funeral flag. | ||
Catholic Holy Week flag. |
Image | Type of flag | Descriptions |
---|---|---|
Flag of the Unités Mobiles de Défense des Chrétientés. [7] | The Mobile Units for the Defense of Christians ("Các đơn vị lưu động bảo vệ giáo dân Thiên Chúa giáo /các họ đạo"), centered in Bến Tre, were active from 1947 to 1953. [16] |
At mosques special Islamic flags are flown alongside the national Vietnamese flag. [17] These Muslim flags are typically green in colour with a white crescent and star and is usually hoisted. [17] Generally the shape of charges is the same as the flags that used to decorate the walls of the mosques and they also adorn the peaks of mosque's domes. [17] While generally speaking their colours tend to be green, the star sometimes depicted as gold, which Tomislav Todorović claims is "undoubtedly borrowed from the national [Vietnamese] flag". [17]
Image | Type of flag | Descriptions |
---|---|---|
Vietnamese mosque flag. [17] | A green flag with a white crescent and star. Influences: | |
Vietnamese mosque flag (Vertical variant). [17] | A green flag with a white crescent and star. Influences: | |
Vietnamese mosque flag (Variant with device pointed toward fly). [17] | A green flag with a white crescent and star. Influences: | |
Vietnamese mosque flag (Variant with device pointed toward corner). [17] | A green flag with a white crescent and star. Influences: |
Image | Type of flag | Descriptions |
---|---|---|
The banner of the Đạo Cao Đài. [18] [19] [7] | A vertical tricolour with the colours yellow-blue-red. The top (yellow) field contains the blue Chữ Hán Đại Đạo Tam Kỳ Phổ Độ (大道三期普度, "The Great Faith [for the] Third Universal Redemption") written from right-to-left. The middle (blue) field contains the Eye of Providence, under the Divine Eye is the religious emblem which also represents the essence of the three religions; the bowl of charity for Buddhist compassion and asceticism, the feather duster for Daoist purification; the Spring and Autumn Annals for Confucianist virtue and love. [20] | |
Banner of the Cao Đài Holy See, Tây Ninh. | ||
Cao Đài funeral flag. | ||
Variant Cao Đài flag. [7] | ||
Variant Cao Đài flag. [7] | ||
Variant Cao Đài flag. [7] | ||
Variant Cao Đài flag. [7] | ||
Flag of the Caodaist Youth Union. [21] |
Việt Minh is the common and abbreviated name of the League for Independence of Vietnam, which was a communist-led national independence coalition formed at Pác Bó by Hồ Chí Minh on 19 May 1941. Also known as the Việt Minh Front, it was created by the Indochinese Communist Party (ICP) as a national united front to achieve the independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
Articles related to Vietnam and Vietnamese culture include:
The Vietnamese alphabet is the modern writing script for the Vietnamese language. It uses the Latin script based on Romance languages originally developed by Francisco de Pina (1585–1625), a missionary from Portugal.
Spoken and written Vietnamese today uses the Latin script-based Vietnamese alphabet to represent native Vietnamese words, Vietnamese words which are of Chinese origin, and other foreign loanwords. Historically, Vietnamese literature was written by scholars using a combination of Chinese characters (Hán) and original Vietnamese characters (Nôm). From 111 BC up to the 20th century, Vietnamese literature was written in Văn ngôn using chữ Hán, and then also Nôm from the 13th century to 20th century.
Hải Dương is a city in Vietnam. It is the capital of Hải Dương, an industrialized province in the Hanoi Capital Region and the Red River Delta in Northern Vietnam. The city is at the midpoint between the capital Hanoi and the major port Haiphong, and is part of the Northern Key Economic Zone. In 2019, Hai Duong city had a population of 241,373.
Vietnamese literature is the literature, both oral and written, created largely by the Vietnamese. Early Vietnamese literature has been greatly influenced by Chinese literature. As Literary Chinese was the formal written language for government documents, a majority of literary works were composed in Hán văn or as văn ngôn. From the 10th century, a minority of literary works were composed in chữ Nôm, the former writing system for the Vietnamese language. The Nôm script better represented Vietnamese literature as it led to the creation of different poetic forms like Lục bát and Song thất lục bát. It also allowed for Vietnamese reduplication to be used in Vietnamese poetry.
The majority of Vietnamese do not follow any organized religion, instead participating in one or more practices of folk religions, such as venerating ancestors, or praying to deities, especially during Tết and other festivals. Folk religions were founded on endemic cultural beliefs that were historically affected by Confucianism and Taoism from ancient China, as well as by various strands of Buddhism. These three teachings or tam giáo were later joined by Christianity which has become a significant presence. Vietnam is also home of two indigenous religions: syncretic Caodaism and quasi-Buddhist Hoahaoism.
The Empire of Vietnam was a short-lived puppet state of Imperial Japan during wartime between March 11 and August 25, 1945. It was a member of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. It was led by the Nguyễn dynasty and created when Emperor Bảo Đại declared independence for Vietnam from French protection. The empire did not recognize French colonial sovereignty over Cochinchina and at the end of its rule, the empire also successfully reclaimed Cochinchina as part of Vietnam.
The National Emblem of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam or simply the Emblem of Vietnam, is one of the official national symbols representing the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. It is designed circular, having a red background and a yellow star in the middle which represent the five main classes in Vietnamese society—intellectuals, farmers, workers, business people and military personnel; the revolutionary history and bright future of Vietnam. The cog and crops represent the cooperation of agriculture and industrial labor.
Nam quốc sơn hà is a famous 10th- to 11th-century Vietnamese patriotic poem. Dubbed "Vietnam's first Declaration of Independence", it asserts the sovereignty of Vietnam's rulers over its lands. The poem was first dictated to be read aloud before and during battles to boost army morale and nationalism when Vietnam under Lý Thánh Tông and Lý Thường Kiệt fought against two invasions by Song dynasty in 981 and 1075–1076 and would become became an emblematic hymn in the early independence wars. The poem is one of the best-known pieces of Vietnamese literature.
Phạm Ngũ Lão was a general of the Trần dynasty during the reigns of three successive emperors Nhân Tông, Anh Tông, and Minh Tông. His talent was noticed by Prince Hưng Đạo Trần Quốc Tuấn who married his adopted daughter to Phạm Ngũ Lão and recommended him for the royal court. Renowned as a prominent general in battlefield, Phạm Ngũ Lão was one of the few commanders of the Vietnamese army during the second and third Mongol invasion who did not come from the Trần clan. After the war of resistance against the Yuan dynasty, Phạm Ngũ Lão continued to participate in numerous military campaigns of the Trần dynasty in which he often succeeded. Today, Phạm Ngũ Lão is considered as one of the most capable military commanders of the Trần dynasty and within the history of Vietnamese commanders along Trần Hưng Đạo, revered as Đức Thánh Phạm.
Bình Ngô đại cáo was an announcement written by Nguyễn Trãi in 1428, at Lê Lợi's behest and on Lê Lợi's behalf, to proclaim the Lam Sơn's victory over the Ming imperialists and affirm the independence of Đại Việt to its people.
The following is a list of political organizations and armed forces in Vietnam, since 1912:
During the Mongol invasions of Vietnam the Trần dynasty (1225–1400) successful employed military tactics and strategies including scorched earth and hit and run tactics designed to take advantage of terrain.
The seals of the Nguyễn dynasty can refer to a collection of seals specifically made for the emperors of the Nguyễn dynasty, who reigned over Vietnam between the years 1802 and 1945, or to seals produced during this period in Vietnamese history in general.
The abdication of Bảo Đại took place on 25 August 1945 and marked the end of the 143-year reign of the Nguyễn dynasty over Vietnam ending the Vietnamese monarchy. Emperor Bảo Đại abdicated in response to the August Revolution. A ceremony was held handing power over to the newly established Democratic Republic of Vietnam, which was established during the end of World War II in Asia as Vietnam had been occupied by French and later Japanese imperialists.
Nguyễn Văn Lợi was a Vietnamese linguist who served as the deputy director of the Institute of Linguistics at the Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences.
The government of the Nguyễn dynasty, officially the Southern dynasty and commonly referred to as the Huế Court, centred around the emperor as the absolute monarch, surrounded by various imperial agencies and ministries which stayed under the emperor's presidency. Following the signing of the Patenôtre Treaty the French took over a lot of control and while the government of the Nguyễn dynasty still nominally ruled the French protectorates of Annam and Tonkin, in reality the French maintained control over these territories and the Nguyễn government became subsidiary to the administration of French Indochina. During World War II the Japanese launched a coup d'état ousting the French and establishing the Empire of Vietnam which was ruled by the Nguyễn government. During the August Revolution the Nguyễn government was abolished in the aftermath of World War II.
During the Nguyễn dynasty period (1802–1945) of Vietnamese history its Ministry of Education was reformed a number of times, in its first iteration it was called the Học Bộ which was established during the reign of the Duy Tân Emperor (1907–1916) and took over a number of functions of the Lễ Bộ, one of the Lục Bộ. The Governor-General of French Indochina wished to introduce more education reforms, the Nguyễn court in Huế sent Cao Xuân Dục and Huỳnh Côn, the Thượng thư of the Hộ Bộ, to French Cochinchina to discuss these reforms with the French authorities. After their return the Học Bộ was established in the year Duy Tân 1 (1907) with Cao Xuân Dục being appointed to be its first Thượng thư (minister). Despite nominally being a Nguyễn dynasty institution, actual control over the ministry fell in the hands of the French Council for the Improvement of Indigenous Education in Annam.
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: postscript (link)In Protestant churches, the national flag was frequently displayed along with the "Christian Flag" (white field, red Latin cross on a blue canton), which had been created and popularized in American Methodist circles and adopted by the Federal Council of Churches in 1942. Often the staff would feature an eagle final and a cross final, respectively.
Within recent years (1897) a flag has been designed which shall stand as an emblem; (Jesse L. Jones-McKay) which all Christian nations and various denominations may rally in allegiance and devotion. This banner is called the Christian flag. It was originated by Charles C. Overton of Brooklyn, N.Y., whose first thought of it came to him while addressing a Sunday school at a rally day service. The flag is most symbolic. The ground is white, representing peace, purity and innocence. In the upper corner is a blue square, the color of the unclouded sky, emblematic of heave, the home of the Christian; also a symbol of faith and trust. in the center of the blue is the cross, the ensign and chosen symbol of Christianity: the cross is red, typical of Christ's blood. The use of the national flag in Christian churches has become almost universal throughout the world.
Mr. Overton has dedicated his flag to the Christian world, refusing to copyright or patent it. It stands for no creed or denomination, but for Christianity. Every sect of Christ's followers can indorse this flag and it is equally appropriate for all nations. The hymn written by Fanny Crosby is also dedicated to the free use and followers of Christ the world over.
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