List of religious flags of Vietnam

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The following is a list of flags used by the various religious communities that inhabit the country of Vietnam.

Contents

Five-color and festival flags

List of Vietnamese five-colour, or festival flags, those that incorporate imagery of other religions are listed at their specific sections.

ImageType of flagDescriptions
Vietnamese Five Colors Flag.svg A popular variation of Vietnamese five-color flags. [1] In Vietnamese culture, five-colour flags (Vietnamese : cờ ngũ sắc, Chữ Hán: 旗五色) or five elements flags (cờ ngũ hành, Chữ Hán: 旗五行) are traditionally flown during festivals and religious ceremonies. A five-colour flag consists of five concentric squares in red, green, yellow, and blue, representing the five elements (ngũ hành, Chữ Hán: 五行). The order of colours varies. The outermost square has three ragged edges, similar to fringing. The centre of the flag is sometimes defaced to commemorate a specific concept or personality. Historically, some imperial and military ensigns followed a similar pattern.
Traditional Vietnamese festival flag - Jaume Olle (18 August 2006) Reconstruction 02.svg Variant Vietnamese five-colour flag. [1]
Traditional Vietnamese festival flag - Jaume Olle (18 August 2006) Reconstruction 03.svg Variant Vietnamese five-colour flag. [1]
Others
Than (Shen ) Vietnamese Five Colours Flag.svg Thần (神) flag.A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the yellow "神" character.
Influences: Vietnamese Five Colors Flag.svg
Flag of Saint Tran.png Flag of Thánh Trần. [2] [a] Flag ratio is 2:2.
Vietnamese Funeral Flag.svg Funeral flag. [3]
Vietnamese Mourning Flag.svg Mourning flag. [4] [3]
Vietnamese Five Colours Flag with golden dragon.svg Golden dragon variant. [5] A Vietnamese five-colour flag with a golden dragon.
Influences: Vietnamese Five Colors Flag.svg
Festival flag of the Triều Châu Assembly Hall, Hội An. [4]

Family name flags

The family flag (Cờ họ tộc) is considered one of the most sacred symbols of a family, symbolising the spirit, will, affection and strength of the family's unity. [5] Family flags are typically hung in front of or inside of space near roads, at temples, family mausoleums, and on the occasions of death, an anniversary, and the Tết Nguyên Đán holiday. [5] Most of the family flags are designed based on the structural principles of the traditional five-colour flag, with the square in the same red colour, and in its centre the family name (surname) is typically written in Chinese script in the colour yellow. [5] The most common style of writing the family name is in Khải thư , but in cases when the character is featured on both sides of the flag the obverse side typically features Khải thư while the reverse side typically features Chữ Triện . [5] Not all family flags maintain the five-colour scheme of traditional flags as some only feature 4 colours. [5]

ImageType of flagDescriptions
Five-colour surname flags
(Cờ họ tộc)
Bui (Pei ) family Vietnamese Five Colours Flag.svg Bùi (裴) surname flag (Cờ họ Bùi). [5] IFIS Vertical exclusive.svg A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the Chữ Hán "裴".
Influences: Vietnamese Five Colors Flag.svg
Dang (Deng ) family Vietnamese Five Colours Flag.svg Đặng (鄧) surname flag (Cờ họ Đặng). [5] IFIS Vertical exclusive.svg A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the Chữ Hán "鄧族".
Influences: Vietnamese Five Colors Flag.svg
Duong (Yang ) family Vietnamese Five Colours Flag.svg Dương (楊) surname flag (Cờ họ Dương). [5] IFIS Vertical exclusive.svg A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the Chữ Hán "楊" and the Latin letters "Họ Dương Việt Nam".
Influences: Vietnamese Five Colors Flag.svg
Luu (Liu ) family Vietnamese Five Colours Flag.svg Lưu (劉) surname flag (Cờ họ Lưu). [5] IFIS Vertical exclusive.svg A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the Chữ Hán "劉".
Influences: Vietnamese Five Colors Flag.svg
Ly (Li ) family Vietnamese Five Colours Flag.svg (李) surname flag (Cờ họ Lý). [5] IFIS Vertical exclusive.svg A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the Chữ Hán "李".
Influences: Vietnamese Five Colors Flag.svg
Ngo (Wu ) family Vietnamese Five Colours Flag.svg Ngô (吳) surname flag (Cờ họ Ngô). [5] IFIS Vertical exclusive.svg A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the Chữ Hán "吳".
Influences: Vietnamese Five Colors Flag.svg
Gia Toc Ho Ngo Vietnamese Five Colours Flag.svg Ngô (吳) surname flag (Cờ họ Ngô).A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the Latin letters "Gia Tộc Họ Ngô".
Influences: Vietnamese Five Colors Flag.svg
Pham (Fan ) family Vietnamese Five Colours Flag.svg Phạm (范) surname flag (Cờ họ Phạm). [5] IFIS Vertical exclusive.svg A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the Chữ Hán "范".
Influences: Vietnamese Five Colors Flag.svg
Phung (Feng ) family Vietnamese Five Colours Flag.svg Phùng (馮) surname flag (Cờ họ Phùng). [5] IFIS Vertical exclusive.svg A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the Chữ Hán "馮".
Influences: Vietnamese Five Colors Flag.svg
Trần (陳) surname flag (Cờ họ Trần). [5] A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the Chữ Hán "陳".
Influences: Vietnamese Five Colors Flag.svg
Vu - Vo (Wu ) Vietnamese Five Colours Flag.svg Vũ / Võ (武) surname flag (Cờ họ Vũ / Võ). [5] A Vietnamese five-colour flag with the Chữ Hán "武".
Influences: Vietnamese Five Colors Flag.svg

Taoist flags

Five elements flags

ImageType of flagDescriptions
Drapeaux des cinq elements - Bois.svg Green flag for the element wood and direction east. [b] [6] [7]
Drapeaux des cinq elements - Feu.svg Red flag for the element fire and direction south. [6] [7]
Drapeaux des cinq elements - Metal.svg White flag for the element metal and direction west. [6] [7]
Drapeaux des cinq elements - Eau.svg Black flag for the element water and direction north. [6] [7]
Drapeaux des cinq elements - Terre.svg Yellow flag for the element earth and direction centre. [6] [7]

Taoist temple flags

ImageType of flagDescriptions
Festival flag of the Quán Thánh Temple, Hanoi. [4] Influences: Vietnamese Five Colors Flag.svg
Fanion of the Quán Thánh Temple, Hanoi. [4] Influences: Vietnamese Five Colors Flag.svg

Buddhist flags

ImageType of flagDescriptions
Flag of Buddhism.svg Flag of the Buddhist Sangha of Vietnam and the Unified Buddhist Church of Vietnam. [8] [4] The Buddhist Flag in Vietnam is composed of six vertical strips of equal width. The first five, from left to right, are coloured blue, yellow, red, white, and pink or light orange. The sixth strip is composed of five horizontal strips of equal width, with the same colours and in the same order, from bottom to top. To the Buddhist, each colour signifies a different virtue; but there is no consensus about which colour denotes which virtue. [c] [9]
Buddhist flag (Vertical variant). [4] Influences: Flag of Buddhism.svg
Flag of the Vietnamese Buddhist Youth Association
Flag of the Tu Giao Buddhist Association of Vietnam - Thong tan xa Vang Anh (TTXVA).png Flag of the Tu Giao Buddhist Association of Vietnam. [7]
Than Mau Association of Vietnam.jpg Flag of the Than Mau Association of Vietnam. [7]

Đạo Hòa Hảo

Followers of Hòa Hảo denomination of Buddhism use a plain brown (maroon) flag. The colour of which is of particular importance to the community, because the altars are made by placing a similar brown cloth on the wall to mark the point faced during the prayers as well as the habits of the Hòa Hảo clergy being also brown in colour. [10] In Vietnam, the Hòa Hảo religious flag is usually accompanied with the national Vietnamese flag. Among the Vietnamese diaspora, Hòa Hảo religious flag is typically used together with the pre-1975 flag of South Vietnam and the flag of the United States. [10]

ImageType of flagDescriptions
Hoa Hao flag.svg The flag of the Hòa Hảo religion, introduced in 1939. [10] [7] Rectangular in shape and solid maroon in colour inasmuch as the Hòa Hảo believe that maroon is the combination of all colours and thus signifies unity of all people, regardless of race, skin colour, or language. [11]
Military flag of the Hoa Hao religion - Thong tan xa Vang Anh (TTXVA) 01.png Military flag of the Hòa Hảo religion. [7] A brown field with the yellow letters "P.G.H.H.".
Influences: Hoa Hao flag.svg
Military flag of the Hoa Hao religion with sword 01.png Military flag of the Hòa Hảo religion. [7] A white scimitar on a maroon background.
Influences: Hoa Hao flag.svg
Military flag of the Hoa Hao religion with sword 02.png Military flag of the Hòa Hảo religion. [7]

Christian flags

ImageType of flagDescriptions
Christian flag.svg The Christian Flag is an ecumenical flag designed in the early 20th century to represent all of Christianity and Christendom. [12] Since its adoption by the United States Federal Council of Churches in 1942, it has been used by many Christian traditions. [13] [12] The ground is white, representing peace, purity and innocence. In the upper corner is a blue square, the colour of the unclouded sky, emblematic of heaven, the home of the Christian; also a symbol of faith and trust. in the center of the blue is the cross, the ensign and chosen symbol of Christianity: the cross is red, typical of Christ's blood. [14] [15]

Catholic flags

Vietnamese Catholics have adopted localised symbols such as five-colour flags combined with Christian symbolism.

ImageType of flagDescriptions
Roman Catholic Church flag (Vietnam) - Tomislav Todorovic (22 November 2015).gif Catholic Church flag. [1] The Roman Catholic Church in Vietnam uses yellow-white horizontal bicolour, the same design is also used by the Roman Catholic Church in Poland, as well as in a number other countries.
Flag of Vietnamese Eucharistic Youth Association
Roman Catholic Vietnamese Five Colours Flag.svg Catholic Vietnamese five-colours flag. [1] A Vietnamese five-colour flag with a Latin cross in the middle.
Influences: Vietnamese Five Colors Flag.svg
Vietnamese Funeral Flag (Catholic variant).svg Catholic funeral flag.
Vietnamese Funeral Flag (Catholic Passion Variant).svg Catholic Holy Week flag.

Other flags

ImageType of flagDescriptions
Flag of Mobile Christian Defense Units of Vietnam (1947-1953).png Flag of the Unités Mobiles de Défense des Chrétientés. [7] The Mobile Units for the Defense of Christians ("Các đơn vị lưu động bảo vệ giáo dân Thiên Chúa giáo /các họ đạo"), centered in Bến Tre, were active from 1947 to 1953. [16]

Islamic flags

At mosques special Islamic flags are flown alongside the national Vietnamese flag. [17] These Muslim flags are typically green in colour with a white crescent and star and is usually hoisted. [17] Generally the shape of charges is the same as the flags that used to decorate the walls of the mosques and they also adorn the peaks of mosque's domes. [17] While generally speaking their colours tend to be green, the star sometimes depicted as gold, which Tomislav Todorović claims is "undoubtedly borrowed from the national [Vietnamese] flag". [17]

ImageType of flagDescriptions
Vietnamese Muslim flag - Tomislav Todorovic (27 June 2018) 01.gif Vietnamese mosque flag. [17] A green flag with a white crescent and star.
Influences: Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg Rectangular green flag.svg
Vietnamese Muslim flag - Tomislav Todorovic (27 June 2018) 02.gif
Vietnamese mosque flag (Vertical variant). [17] A green flag with a white crescent and star.
Influences: Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg Rectangular green flag.svg
Vietnamese Muslim flag - Tomislav Todorovic (27 June 2018) 03.gif Vietnamese mosque flag (Variant with device pointed toward fly). [17] A green flag with a white crescent and star.
Influences: Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg Rectangular green flag.svg
Vietnamese Muslim flag - Tomislav Todorovic (27 June 2018) 04.gif Vietnamese mosque flag (Variant with device pointed toward corner). [17] A green flag with a white crescent and star.
Influences: Flag of the Ottoman Empire (1844-1922).svg Rectangular green flag.svg

Caodaism flags

ImageType of flagDescriptions
The banner of the Đạo Cao Đài. [18] [19] [7] IFIS Vertical exclusive.svg A vertical tricolour with the colours yellow-blue-red. The top (yellow) field contains the blue Chữ Hán Đại Đạo Tam Kỳ Phổ Độ (大道三期普度, "The Great Faith [for the] Third Universal Redemption") written from right-to-left. The middle (blue) field contains the Eye of Providence, under the Divine Eye is the religious emblem which also represents the essence of the three religions; the bowl of charity for Buddhist compassion and asceticism, the feather duster for Daoist purification; the Spring and Autumn Annals for Confucianist virtue and love. [20]
Caodaist Holy See Banner.svg
Banner of the Cao Đài Holy See, Tây Ninh. IFIS Vertical exclusive.svg
Caodaist Funeral Flag.svg
Cao Đài funeral flag.
Co Tam Thanh Cao Dai.svg Variant Cao Đài flag. [7]
TTXVA Alternative Dao Cao Dai flags 03.png Variant Cao Đài flag. [7]
Variant flag of Caodaism.jpg Variant Cao Đài flag. [7]
TTXVA Alternative Dao Cao Dai flags 05.png Variant Cao Đài flag. [7]
Flag of Caodaist Youth Union.svg Flag of the Caodaist Youth Union. [21]

Notes

  1. Unofficial flag that was at times used by the armed forces of South Vietnam.
  2. The colour green might have at times have been replaced with the colour blue, for the Far Eastern languages originally made no distinction between these colours. Blue flags may have been changed by age and/or weather making them violet.
  3. The five colours of the Vietnamese Buddhist flag signify the five virtues which Buddhists believe vital. While there are differences of opinion as to which colour might represent a particular virtue, the virtues themselves are ideals held before the adherents by the Sangha. These virtues are developed as the adherent follows the Eightfold Middle Path and subdues the 108 desires or cravings which stand between man and Nirvana.

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Vietnamese Religious and Festival Flags at Flags of the World
  2. FOTW. "Saint Tran (Viet Nam) – Trần Quốc Tuấn". Retrieved: July 13, 2021.
  3. 1 2 Ivan Sache, Dominique Cureau, Tomislav Todorović, and Randy Young (20 May 2016). "Flags in Viet Nam § Mourning Flags". Flags of the World (FOTW) & CRW Flags. Retrieved 12 September 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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  14. "Christian Flag". The Christian Advocate . 84. New York: T. Carlton & J. Porter. 7 January 1909. Within recent years (1897) a flag has been designed which shall stand as an emblem; (Jesse L. Jones-McKay) which all Christian nations and various denominations may rally in allegiance and devotion. This banner is called the Christian flag. It was originated by Charles C. Overton of Brooklyn, N.Y., whose first thought of it came to him while addressing a Sunday school at a rally day service. The flag is most symbolic. The ground is white, representing peace, purity and innocence. In the upper corner is a blue square, the color of the unclouded sky, emblematic of heave, the home of the Christian; also a symbol of faith and trust. in the center of the blue is the cross, the ensign and chosen symbol of Christianity: the cross is red, typical of Christ's blood. The use of the national flag in Christian churches has become almost universal throughout the world.
  15. "Christian Flag". The Christian Advocate . 84. New York: T. Carlton & J. Porter. 7 January 1909. Mr. Overton has dedicated his flag to the Christian world, refusing to copyright or patent it. It stands for no creed or denomination, but for Christianity. Every sect of Christ's followers can indorse this flag and it is equally appropriate for all nations. The hymn written by Fanny Crosby is also dedicated to the free use and followers of Christ the world over.
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