List of the Cenozoic life of Washington

Last updated

This list of the Cenozoic life of Washington contains the various prehistoric life-forms whose fossilized remains have been reported from within the US state of Washington and are between 66 million and 10,000 years of age.

Contents

Chlorophytes

Diatoms

Frustulia rhomboides Frustulia rhomboides twin figured Plate31 fig 3.jpg
Frustulia rhomboides
Navicula contendens Navicula contendens syntype Plate31 fig 4.jpg
Navicula contendens

Foraminifera

Test of Elphidium Elphidium excavatum clavatum.jpg
Test of Elphidium

Plants

Bryophytes

Hypnites patens moss holotype Hypnites patens holotype USNM36869 img3b.jpg
Hypnites patens moss holotype

"Ferns" (Polypodiophyta)

A fossilized frond found in Whatcom County from the Eocene tree fern Cyathea inequilateralis Cyathea inequilateralis SRIC img2.jpg
A fossilized frond found in Whatcom County from the Eocene tree fern Cyathea inequilateralis

Lycophytes

Ginkgophytes

Ginkgo biloba
Klondike Mountain Formation
Ypresian, Republic Ginkgo biloba 01 SR 87-36-02 A.jpg
Ginkgo biloba
Klondike Mountain Formation
Ypresian, Republic

Gnetophytes

Pinophytes

Cupressaceae

Metasequoia occidentalis branchlet Metasequoia branchlet 02.jpg
Metasequoia occidentalis branchlet

Pinaceae

Abies milleri twig and foliage Abies milleri SR 87-52-02 A.jpg
Abies milleri twig and foliage
Pseudolarix wehrii wing seed Pseudolarix wehrii wing seed SRIC 01.jpg
Pseudolarix wehrii wing seed

Sciadopityaceae

Taxaceae

Angiosperms

Plants A

Fossilized leaf found near Spokane; the holotype specimen of the Oligocene-Miocene maple tree Acer chaneyi Acer chaneyi holotype.png
Fossilized leaf found near Spokane; the holotype specimen of the Oligocene-Miocene maple tree Acer chaneyi
Fossilized leaf found in Republic from the Eocene Alder species Alnus parvifolia Alnus parvifolia 03.jpg
Fossilized leaf found in Republic from the Eocene Alder species Alnus parvifolia

Plants B

Fossilized leaf found in Republic from the Eocene to birch species Betula leopoldae Betula leopoldae 02.jpg
Fossilized leaf found in Republic from the Eocene to birch species Betula leopoldae

Plants C

Fossilized leaf found in Republic from the Eocene katsura species Cercidiphyllum obtritum Cercidiphyllum obtritum 01.jpg
Fossilized leaf found in Republic from the Eocene katsura species Cercidiphyllum obtritum
Fossilized leaf found in Republic from the Eocene sweetfern species Comptonia columbiana Comptonia columbiana SRIC SR 05-09-01 img1.jpg
Fossilized leaf found in Republic from the Eocene sweetfern species Comptonia columbiana

Plants D

Diospyros oregoniana Diospyros oregoniana as Diospyros andersonae USNM P36992 img3.jpg
Diospyros oregoniana

Plants E

Eucommia montana fruit Eucommia montana Klondike Mtn Fmt 01.jpg
Eucommia montana fruit

Plants F

Fagopsis undulata
Klondike Mountain Formation
Ypresian, Republic Fagopsis undulata SRIC SR 93-05-05.jpg
Fagopsis undulata
Klondike Mountain Formation
Ypresian, Republic
Fossilized calyx found in Republic from the Eocene mallow species Florissantia quilchenensis Florissantia quilchenensis 01 SRIC.jpg
Fossilized calyx found in Republic from the Eocene mallow species Florissantia quilchenensis

Plants G

Plants H

Hydrangea knowltoni Hydrangea knowltoni as Hydrangea bendirei USNM P36979 img3.jpg
Hydrangea knowltoni

Plants I

Plants J

Plants K

A living Koelreuteria tree Koelreutheria-paniculata.JPG
A living Koelreuteria tree

Plants L

Langeria magnifica
Klondike Mountain Formation
Ypresian Republic Langeria magnifica 02.jpg
Langeria magnifica
Klondike Mountain Formation
Ypresian Republic
Liquidambar changii
Yakima Canyon Flora
Miocene Yakima Canyon Liquidambar changii infructescence, UWBM 40 (90) Pigg & Wehr 2002 Plt2 fig22.png
Liquidambar changii
Yakima Canyon Flora
Miocene Yakima Canyon

Plants M

Macginitiea gracilis
Klondike Mountain Formation
Republic Macginitiea gracilis 01.jpg
Macginitiea gracilis
Klondike Mountain Formation
Republic

Plants N

Plants O

Fossilized leaf found in Ferry County belonging to the Eocene golden-club Orontium wolfei Orontium wolfei 02.jpg
Fossilized leaf found in Ferry County belonging to the Eocene golden-club Orontium wolfei

Plants P

Palaeocarpinus barksdaleae samaras Palaeocarpinus barksdaleae fruit 01.jpg
Palaeocarpinus barksdaleae samaras
Photinia pagae leaf Photinia pagae 01.jpg
Photinia pagae leaf
Prunus cathybrownae flower Prunus cathybrownae SRIC.jpg
Prunus cathybrownae flower

Plants Q

+Quercus hiholensis acorn in matrix Quercus hiholensis acorn UWBM 56470-3 Pigg & Wehr 2002 Plt2 fig16.png
Quercus hiholensis acorn in matrix

Plants R

Eocene Republica hickeyi leaf found in Republic Washington Republica hickeyi Wolf and Wehr 1987 plate 16 fig 4.jpg
Eocene Republica hickeyi leaf found in Republic Washington
Fossilized compound leaf from an Eocene sumac Rhus hybrid Rhus sp hybrid SRIC SR 00-05-19.jpg
Fossilized compound leaf from an Eocene sumac Rhus hybrid

Plants S

Plants T

Tetracentron hopkinsii,
Klondike Mountain Formation
Republic Tetracentron hopkinsii SR 02-28-07.jpg
Tetracentron hopkinsii ,
Klondike Mountain Formation
Republic
Tilia johnsoni,
Klondike Mountain Formation
Republic Tilia johnsoni 01.jpg
Tilia johnsoni ,
Klondike Mountain Formation
Republic
Tsukada davidiifolia,
Klondike Mountain Formation
Republic Tsukada davidiifolia 01b 09-21-20 A.jpg
Tsukada davidiifolia ,
Klondike Mountain Formation
Republic

Plants U

Ulmus chuchuanus, Ypresian Klondike Mountain Formation Ulmus chuchuanus SR 07-50-13.jpg
Ulmus chuchuanus , Ypresian Klondike Mountain Formation

Plants V

Plants W

Plants Z

Poriferans

Annelids

Nematoids

Cnidarians

Cnidarians A-C

Cnidarians D-I

Cnidarians L-R

Cnidarians S-Z

Echinoderms

Brachiopods

Hemithiris psittacea
living specimen Hemithiris psittacea.jpg
Hemithiris psittacea
living specimen

Molluscs

Molluscs A

Molluscs B

Molluscs C

Molluscs D

Molluscs E

Molluscs F

A living Fusinus sea snail Fusinus monksae.jpg
A living Fusinus sea snail

Molluscs G

Molluscs H

Molluscs I

Molluscs K

Molluscs L

A living Lepidochitona chiton Lepidochitona cinerea.JPG
A living Lepidochitona chiton

Molluscs M

Molluscs N

Molluscs O

Five modern Ostrea lurida, or Olympic oysters Ostrea Lurida.jpg
Five modern Ostrea lurida , or Olympic oysters

Molluscs P

Molluscs R

Molluscs S

Molluscs T

Molluscs U

Molluscs V

Molluscs W

Molluscs X

Molluscs Y

Arthropods

Arthropods A

Arthropods B

Arthropods C

Arthropods D

Arthropods E

Arthropods F

Arthropods G

Arthropods H

Arthropods I

Arthropods K

Arthropods L

Arthropods M

Metanephrocerus belgardeae
Klondike Mountain Formation
Ypresian, Republic Metanephrocerus belgardeae SR 08-06-02 01.jpg
Metanephrocerus belgardeae
Klondike Mountain Formation
Ypresian, Republic
Mursia marcusana
Blakeley Formation
Oligocene, King County Mursia marcusana 02c SR EC 07-01-25.jpg
Mursia marcusana
Blakeley Formation
Oligocene, King County
Myrmeciites species
Klondike Mountain Formation
Ypresian, Republic Myrmeciites SR 05-03-01 01.jpg
Myrmeciites species
Klondike Mountain Formation
Ypresian, Republic

Arthropods N

Arthropods O

Okanagrion threadgillae Okanagrion threadgillae holotype SRIC SR 98-12-10.tiff
Okanagrion threadgillae

Arthropods P

Arthropods Q

Arthropods R

Fossilized carapace of the Paleogene-modern crab Ranina Raninidae - Ranina speciosa.JPG
Fossilized carapace of the Paleogene-modern crab Ranina

Arthropods S

Arthropods T

Arthropods U

Arthropods W

Arthropods Y

Ypshna brownleei Ypshna brownleei on display SRIC SR 01-06-13 img1.jpg
Ypshna brownleei

Arthropods Z

"Fish"

Fossilized skeleton found in Republic belonging to the Eocene-Oligocene sucker fish Amyzon aggregatum Amyzon aggregatum 01.jpg
Fossilized skeleton found in Republic belonging to the Eocene-Oligocene sucker fish Amyzon aggregatum
Eosalmo driftwoodensis
Klondike Mountain Formation
Ypresian Republic Eosalmo driftwoodensis 02.jpg
Eosalmo driftwoodensis
Klondike Mountain Formation
Ypresian Republic
Libotonius pearsoni
klondike Mountain Formation
Ypresian Republic SR 95-26-19 Libotonius pearsoni 2020-09-19.jpg
Libotonius pearsoni
klondike Mountain Formation
Ypresian Republic

Birds

Tonsala hildegardae
Pysht Formation, Oligocene Tonsala hildegardae holotype NMNH-USNM256518.jpg
Tonsala hildegardae
Pysht Formation, Oligocene

Reptiles

Acherontemys heckmani holotype Acherontemys heckmani holotype USNM V4213 rotated.jpg
Acherontemys heckmani holotype
A living Thamnophis, or garter snake Coast Garter Snake cropped.jpg
A living Thamnophis , or garter snake

Mammals

Mammals A

Mammals B

Mammals C

Mammals D

Mammals E

Mammals F

Mammals H

Fossilized lower jaw of the Miocene-Pleistocene llama relative Hemiauchenia Fossil maxilla Hemiauchenia Boulle.png
Fossilized lower jaw of the Miocene-Pleistocene llama relative Hemiauchenia

Mammals K

Mammals L

A living Lynx Canadian lynx by Keith Williams.jpg
A living Lynx

Mammals M

Life restorations of a Mammut americanum, or American mastodon (right), and a Mammuthus primigenius, or wooly mammoth (left) MammothVsMastodon.jpg
Life restorations of a Mammut americanum , or American mastodon (right), and a Mammuthus primigenius , or wooly mammoth (left)

Mammals N

Mammals O

Olympicetus thalassodon Olympicetus thalassodon skull (3).png
Olympicetus thalassodon

Mammals P

Mammals R

Mammals S

Mammals T

Mammals W-Z

Notes

    Related Research Articles

    <i>Florissantia</i> (plant) Genus of plant in the mallow family (fossil)

    Florissantia is an extinct genus of flowering plants in the Malvaceae subfamily Sterculioideae known from western North America and far eastern Asia. Flower, fruit, and pollen compression fossils have been found in formations ranging from the Early Eocene through to the Early Oligocene periods. The type species is Florissantia speirii and three additional species are known, Florissantia ashwillii, Florissantia quilchenensis, and Florissantia sikhote-alinensis.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Euphaeidae</span> Family of damselflies

    Euphaeidae, sometimes incorrectly named Epallagidae and commonly called gossamerwings, is a family of damselflies in the odonate superfamily Calopterygoidea. The family is small, consisting of around 78 species living species in nine genera occurring in the Palearctic, Australasia, and Asia. The family contains two subfamilies, Euphaeinae, encompassing all the living species and a single fossil genus, and the extinct Eodichromatinae, encompassing fossil genera from the Eocene to late Oligocene. Euphaeid species are large and mostly metallic-coloured, looking similar to species of damselflies in the family Calopterygidae.

    <i>Sassafras hesperia</i> Extinct species of flowering plant

    Sassafras hesperia is an extinct species of flowering plant in the family Lauraceae.

    <i>Azolla primaeva</i> Extinct species of aquatic plant

    Azolla primaeva is an extinct species of "water fern" in the family Salviniaceae known from Eocene fossils from the Ypresian stage, found in southern British Columbia.

    Neoephemera antiqua is an extinct species of square-gill mayfly in the family Neoephemeridae that is known from early Eocene, Ypresian stage, lake deposits near the small community of Republic in Ferry County, Washington, USA.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Klondike Mountain Formation</span> Geological formation in Washington, United States

    The Klondike Mountain Formation is an Early Eocene (Ypresian) geological formation located in the northeast central area of Washington state. The formation is composed of volcanic rocks in the upper unit and volcanic plus lacustrine (lakebed) sedimentation in the lower unit. the formation is named for the type location designated in 1962, Klondike Mountain northeast of Republic, Washington. The formation is a lagerstätte with exceptionally well-preserved plant and insect fossils has been found, along with fossil epithermal hot springs.

    <i>Fothergilla malloryi</i> Extinct species of flowering plant

    Fothergilla malloryi is an extinct species of flowering plant in the family Hamamelidaceae known from fossil leaves found in the early Eocene Klondike Mountain Formation deposits of northern Washington state. The F. malloryi leaves are the earliest appearance in the fossil record of a member of the witchalder genus Fothergilla, which includes the living species F. gardenii, and F. major, both of which are native to the southeastern United States. The genus also includes three or four other fossil species with two Asian Miocene species, F. viburnifolia from China, F. ryozenensis from Japan along with one Miocene North American species, F. praeolata of Oregon. Fothergilla durhamensis described from Eocene sediments in King County, Washington is considered dubious in placement, and it was transferred to the genus Platimeliphyllum by Huegele et al. (2021).

    The Coldwater Beds are a geologic formation of the Okanagan Highlands in British Columbia, Canada. They preserve fossils dating back to the Ypresian stage of the Eocene period, or Wasatchian in the NALMA classification.

    <i>Aphaenogaster longaeva</i> Extinct species of ant

    Aphaenogaster longaeva is an extinct species of ant in formicid subfamily Myrmicinae known from a solitary Eocene or Oligocene fossil found in North America. A. longaeva was one of five insect species described by the paleoentomologist Samuel Hubbard Scudder in an 1877 paper.

    Concavistylon is an extinct genus of flowering plant in the family Trochodendraceae comprising a single species Concavistylon kvacekii. The genus is known from fossils found in Middle Miocene deposits of central Oregon. A second species "Concavistylon" wehrii was originally placed in Concavistylon, but subsequently moved to a new genus Paraconcavistylon in 2020.

    <i>Pinus latahensis</i> Extinct species of conifer

    Pinus latahensis is an extinct species of conifer in the pine family Pinaceae. The species is known from fossil leaves found in the early Eocene deposits of northern Washington state, United States, and southern British Columbia, Canada.

    <i>Pseudolarix wehrii</i> Extinct species of conifer

    Pseudolarix wehrii is an extinct species of golden larch in the pine family (Pinaceae). The species is known from early Eocene fossils of northern Washington state, United States, and southern British Columbia, Canada, along with late Eocene mummified fossils found in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada.

    <i>Comptonia columbiana</i> Extinct species of sweet fern

    Comptonia columbiana is an extinct species of sweet fern in the flowering plant family Myricaceae. The species is known from fossil leaves found in the early Eocene deposits of central to southern British Columbia, Canada, plus northern Washington state, United States, and, tentatively, the late Eocene of Southern Idaho and Earliest Oligocene of Oregon, United States.

    Klondikia is an extinct hymenopteran genus in the ant family Formicidae with a single described species Klondikia whiteae. The species is solely known from the Early Eocene sediments exposed in northeast Washington state, United States. The genus is currently not placed into any ant subfamily, being treated as incertae sedis.

    The paleoflora of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands includes all plant and fungi fossils preserved in the Eocene Okanagan Highlands Lagerstätten. The highlands are a series of Early Eocene geological formations which span an 1,000 km (620 mi) transect of British Columbia, Canada and Washington state, United States and are known for the diverse and detailed plant fossils which represent an upland temperate ecosystem immediately after the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum, and before the increased cooling of the middle and late Eocene to Oligocene. The fossiliferous deposits of the region were noted as early as 1873, with small amounts of systematic work happening in the 1880-90s on British Columbian sites, and 1920-30s for Washington sites. A returned focus and more detailed descriptive work on the Okanagan Highlands sites revived in the 1970s. The noted richness of agricultural plant families in Republic and Princeton floras resulted in the term "Eocene orchards" being used for the paleofloras.

    <i>Pteronepelys</i> Fossil genus of plants

    Pteronepelys, sometimes known as the winged stranger, is an extinct genus of flowering plant of uncertain affinities, which contains the one species, Pteronepelys wehrii. It is known from isolated fossil seeds found in middle Eocene sediments exposed in north central Oregon and Ypresian-age fossils found in Washington, US.

    <i>Pteroceltis</i> Species of flowering plants belonging to the hop, hemp, and hackberry family

    Pteroceltis is a genus of small trees in the family Cannabaceae and containing the living species Pteroceltis tatarinowii. The genus is now restricted to an endemic range in China and Mongolia. The genus has a fossil record which includes species described from Korea, Japan, Germany, and the United States.

    The paleofauna of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands consists of Early Eocene arthropods, vertebrates, plus rare nematodes and molluscs found in geological formations of the northwestern North American Eocene Okanagan Highlands. The highlands lake bed series' as a whole are considered one of the great Canadian Lagerstätten. The paleofauna represents that of a late Ypresian upland temperate ecosystem immediately after the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum, and before the increased cooling of the middle and late Eocene to Oligocene. The fossiliferous deposits of the region were noted as early as 1873, with small amounts of systematic work happening in the 1880-90s on British Columbian sites, and 1920-30s for Washington sites. Focus and more detailed descriptive work on the Okanagan Highlands site started in the last 1970's. Most of the highlands sites are preserved as compression-impression fossils in "shales", but also includes a rare permineralized biota and an amber biota.

    Eoseira is an extinct genus of diatoms belonging to the family Aulacoseiraceae and containing the single species Eoseira wilsonii. The species is dated to the Early Eocene Ypresian stage and has only been found at the type locality in east central British Columbia.

    <i>Republica weatbrooki</i> Genus of damselflies

    Republica is an extinct zygopteran genus in the damselfly family Euphaeidae with a single described species, Republica weatbrooki. The species is solely known from the Early Eocene sediments exposed in the northeast of the U.S. state of Washington.

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