620s

Last updated

The 620s decade ran from January 1, 620, to December 31, 629.

Contents

Events

620

By place

Byzantine Empire
Britain
Asia
America
  • The town of Cholula is founded in central Mexico (later said to be the oldest continuously occupied town in all of North America).

By topic

Religion

621

By place

Byzantine Empire
Europe
Asia

By topic

Religion
Technology
  • The Chinese establish an imperial bureau for the manufacture of porcelain. Their technology will advance further under the Tang dynasty (approximate date).

622

By place

Byzantine Empire
Asia
Central America

By topic

Religion
  • September 9 [5] or June 17 [6] The Islamic prophet Muhammad, after being warned of a plot to assassinate him, secretly leaves his home in Mecca to make the Hijrah (emigrate) to Yathrib (later renamed by him Medina), along with his companion Abu Bakr. They take refuge in the Cave of Thawr south of Mecca for three days, departing on September 13 or June 21.
  • September 20 [5] or June 28 [6] Muhammad does not enter Yathrib directly, but stops at its outlying environs of Quba. He establishes the Quba Mosque here, the first mosque of Islam. On July 2 (or September 24) he makes his first visit to Yathrib for Friday prayers.
  • October 4 [5] or July 13 After a fourteen days' stay in Quba, Muhammad finally moves from Quba to Yathrib, and is greeted cordially by its people. Here he drafts the Constitution of Medina, an agreement between the various Muslim, Jewish, Christian and pagan tribal communities in the city, forming the basis of a multi-religious Islamic state, and begins construction of the Al-Masjid an-Nabawi Mosque. Later during the caliphate of Umar in 638, the lunar year during which the emigration to Medina occurred (Friday 16 July 622 – 4 July 623) is designated "Year One" of the new Hijri era (Anno Hegirae AH).
  • Xuanzang is fully ordained as a Buddhist monk at the age of 20. [7]

623

By place

Byzantine Empire
Europe
Asia

By topic

Art
Religion

624

By date

JanuaryJune
JulyDecember

By place

Byzantine Empire
Europe
Britain
Asia

By topic

625

By place

Byzantine Empire
Britain
Asia

By topic

Religion

626

By place

Byzantine Empire
Europe
Britain
Persia
  • Summer King Khosrau II plans an all-out effort against Constantinople. He returns to Anatolia with two armies of unknown size, presumably more than 50,000 men each. One of these (possibly commanded by Khosrau himself) is to contain Heraclius in Pontus; another under Shahin Vahmanzadegan is defeated by Theodore.
Asia

627

By place

Byzantine Empire
Britain
Arabia

By topic

Religion
Education

628

By place

Byzantine Empire
  • Spring Byzantine–Sassanid War: Emperor Heraclius issues an ultimatum for peace to King Khosrow II, but he refuses his generous terms. The war-weary Persians revolt against Khosrow's regime at Ctesiphon, and install his son Kavadh II on the throne on February 25. He puts his father to death and begins negotiations with Heraclius. Kavadh is forced to return all the territories conquered during the war. The Persians must give up all of the trophies they have captured, including the relic of the True Cross. Evidently there is also a large financial indemnity. Having accepted a peace agreement on his own terms, Heraclius returns in triumph to Constantinople. [40]
  • Third Perso-Turkic War: The Western Göktürks, under their leader Tong Yabghu Qaghan, plunder Tbilisi (modern Georgia). The Persian defenders are executed or mutilated; Tong Yabghu appoints governors (tuduns) to manage various tribes under his overlordship. [41]
Britain
Central America
Persia
Arabia

By topic

Arts and sciences
Education
  • The Sharia enjoins women as well as men to obtain secular and religious educations. It forbids eating pork, domesticated donkey, and other flesh denied to Jews by Mosaic law (approximate date).
Religion

629

By place

Byzantine Empire
Europe
Britain
Arabia
Asia
Americas

By topic

Religion

Significant people

Births

620

621

622

623

624

625

626

627

628

629

Deaths

620

621

622

623

624

625

626

627

628

629

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Heraclius</span> Byzantine emperor from 610 to 641

Heraclius was Byzantine emperor from 610 to 641. His rise to power began in 608, when he and his father, Heraclius the Elder, the Exarch of Africa, led a revolt against the unpopular emperor Phocas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">622</span> Calendar year

Year 622 (DCXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 622nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 622nd year of the 1st millennium, the 22nd year of the 7th century, and the 3rd year of the 620s decade. The denomination 622 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">623</span> Calendar year

Year 623 (DCXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 623 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

The 610s decade ran from January 1, 610, to December 31, 619.

The 630s decade ran from January 1, 630, to December 31, 639.

The 640s decade ran from January 1, 640, to December 31, 649.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">630</span> Calendar year

Year 630 (DCXXX) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 630 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">624</span> Calendar year

Year 624 (DCXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 624 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">625</span> Calendar year

Year 625 (DCXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 625 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">626</span> Calendar year

Year 626 (DCXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 626 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">627</span> Calendar year

Year 627 (DCXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 627 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">628</span> Calendar year

Year 628 (DCXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 628 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">629</span> Calendar year

Year 629 (DCXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 629 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">613</span> Calendar year

Year 613 (DCXIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 613 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">617</span> Calendar year

Year 617 (DCXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 617 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">619</span> Calendar year

Year 619 (DCXIX) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 619 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Khosrow II</span> Shah of the Sasanian Empire from 590 to 628

Khosrow II, commonly known as Khosrow Parviz, is considered to be the last great Sasanian king (shah) of Iran, ruling from 590 to 628, with an interruption of one year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shahrbaraz</span> Shah of the Sasanian Empire in 630

Shahrbaraz, was shah (king) of the Sasanian Empire from 27 April 630 to 9 June 630. He usurped the throne from Ardashir III, and was killed by Iranian nobles after forty days. Before usurping the Sasanian throne he was a spahbed (general) under Khosrow II (590–628). He is furthermore noted for his important role during the climactic Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628, and the events that followed afterwards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628</span> Last war between the Byzantine and Sasanian empires

The Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 was the final and most devastating of the series of wars fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Persian Sasanian Empire. The previous war between the two powers had ended in 591 after Emperor Maurice helped the Sasanian king Khosrow II regain his throne. In 602 Maurice was murdered by his political rival Phocas. Khosrow declared war, ostensibly to avenge the death of the deposed emperor Maurice. This became a decades-long conflict, the longest war in the series, and was fought throughout the Middle East: in Egypt, the Levant, Mesopotamia, the Caucasus, Anatolia, Armenia, the Aegean Sea and before the walls of Constantinople itself.

The 600s decade ran from January 1, 600, to December 31, 609.

References

  1. Fine 1991, p. 36.
  2. Fine 1991, p. 42.
  3. Roger Collins, "Visigothic Spain 409–711", p. 76
  4. Kaegi 2003, p. 116.
  5. 1 2 3 Shamsi, F. A. (1984). "The Date of Hijrah". Islamic Studies. 23: 189–224, 289–323.
  6. 1 2 Shaikh, Fazlur Rehman (2001). Chronology of Prophetic Events. London: Ta-Ha Publishers. pp. 51–52.
  7. Howgego, Raymond John (2003). Encyclopedia of Exploration to 1800. Hordern House. p. 522. ISBN   978-1-875567-36-2.
  8. Rome at War (AD 293–696), p. 61. Michael Whitby, 2002. ISBN   1-84176-359-4
  9. Fine 1991, p. 43.
  10. 1 2 Watt, W. Montgomery (1974). Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. pp. 137–138. ISBN   0-19-881078-4.
  11. Zizhi Tongjian, ch. 197.
  12. Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah[The Life of Muhammad], transl. Guillaume, p. 363.
  13. The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (A.D. 226-363): A Documentary History, ed. by Michael H. Dodgeon (Routledge, 1991) p.290
  14. Old Book of Tang , vol. 56.
  15. Walter E. Kaegi, Heraclius, emperor of Byzantium (Cambridge University Press, 2003) p.126
  16. E. B. Fryde; D. E. Greenway (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 213. ISBN   0-521-56350-X.
  17. Ilkka Syvänne, Military History of Late Rome 602–641 (Pen & Sword Books, 2022) pp.163-165
  18. Mubarakpuri, Saifur Rahman Al (2005), The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, Darussalam Publications, p. 331
  19. Ahmet, Taşağil (1995–2004). Gök-Türkler. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi. ISBN   975161113X. OCLC   33892575.
  20. Muhammad ibn Saad, Tabaqat vol. 8. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). The Women of Madina, p. 56. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
  21. Braswell, Geoffrey E.; Christian M. Pager; Cassandra R. Bill; Sonja A. Schwake; Jennifer B. Braswell (2004). "The Rise of Secondary States in the Southeastern Periphery of the Maya World". Ancient Mesoamerica. 15: 219–233. doi:10.1017/s0956536104040143. S2CID   1562928.
  22. Safiur Rahman Mubarakpuri (1976). Ar-Raheeq Al-Makhtum[The Sealed Nectar]. Darussalam Publishers. ISBN   978-1-59144-070-3.
  23. al-Baladhuri (1996), Jumal min Ansab al-Ashraf, Dar Al-Fikr, Beirut, Lebanon.
  24. J. M. B. Jones (1957). "The Chronology of the "Mag̱ẖāzī"-- A Textual Survey". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 19 (2): 248. doi:10.1017/S0041977X0013304X. JSTOR   610242.
  25. Kaegi 2003, p. 127.
  26. Kaegi 2003, p. 128.
  27. Kaegi 2003, p. 129.
  28. 1 2 Kaegi 2003, p. 131.
  29. The Walls of Constantinople AD 324–1453, p. 47. Stephen Turnbull, 2004. ISBN   978-1-84176-759-8
  30. Bede Book II, Chapter IX.
  31. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript A (ASC A), 626
  32. Kaegi 2003, p. 144.
  33. Kaegi 2003, p. 167.
  34. Kaegi 2003, p. 173.
  35. Oman, Charles (1893), Europe, 476–918, Volume 1 (p. 211)
  36. Norwich, John Julius (1997), A Short History of Byzantium, Vintage Books, p. 93. ISBN   0-679-77269-3
  37. Watt, Muhammad at Medina, p. 36
  38. Bede Book II, Chapter XIV.
  39. "St. Columbanus". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company (1913)
  40. Kaegi 2003, pp. 178, 189–190.
  41. Christian 1999, p. 283; Artamanov, p. 170–180.[ full citation needed ]
  42. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle [ permanent dead link ]
  43. Palmer, Alan & Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 30–34. ISBN   0-7126-5616-2.
  44. Rodney Aist, "The Christian Topography of Early Islamic Jerusalem", Brepols Publishers (2009), p. 59
  45. Illustrated Dictionary of the Muslim World. Marshall Cavendish. 2010. pp. 122–123. ISBN   978-0-7614-7929-1.
  46. DeBlasi, Anthony (2002). Reform in the balance: the defense of literary culture in mid-Tang China. SUNY Press. p. 170. ISBN   978-0-7914-5436-7.
  47. Cooper, J. C. (2013). Dictionary of Christianity. Abingdon, Oxon. p. 2. ISBN   9781315074047.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  48. The New Encyclopædia Britannica: Micropædia (15th ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. 1991. p. 765. ISBN   978-0-85229-529-8.
  49. Holtzclaw, R. Fulton (1980). The Saints Go Marching In. Keeble Press. p. 24. ISBN   9780933144002.
  50. Woo, X. L. (2008). "622&pg=PA19 Empress Wu the Great: Tang Dynasty China. Algora Publishing. p. 19. ISBN   978-0-87586-660-4.
  51. Bellenger, Dominic Aidan; Fletcher, Stella (17 February 2005). The Mitre and the Crown: A History of the Archbishops of Canterbury. History Press. p. 149. ISBN   978-0-7524-9495-1.
  52. "Boniface V | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 January 2021.
  53. Lynch, Michael, ed. (February 24, 2011). The Oxford companion to Scottish history. Oxford University Press. p. 5. ISBN   9780199693054.

Sources