LeBreton Flats

Last updated

LeBreton Flats
Neighbourhood
LebretonFlats2022.jpg
Nickname(s): 
The Flats, LeBreton
Lebreton Flats locator map.png
Location of LeBreton Flats in Ottawa
Coordinates: 45°24′56″N75°43′04″W / 45.41556°N 75.71778°W / 45.41556; -75.71778
CountryCanada
Province Ontario
City Ottawa
Government
 •  MPs Yasir Naqvi
 •  MPPs Joel Harden
 •  Councillors Ariel Troster
Area
 • Total0.84 km2 (0.32 sq mi)
Elevation
60 m (200 ft)
Population
 (2016)
 • Total620
  Canada 2016 Census
Time zone UTC−5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST) UTC−4 (EDT)

LeBreton Flats (also spelled Lebreton Flats) (French : Plaines Lebreton) known colloquially as The Flats is a neighbourhood in Somerset Ward in central Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It lies to the west of Centretown neighbourhood, and to the north of Centretown West. The Ottawa River forms the western and northern limit, with the western side being a wider area of the river known as Nepean Bay.

Contents

Originally a residential area, much of the northern portion of the Flats is now occupied by the Canadian War Museum and the National Holocaust Monument. [1] Pimisi station, a station on Ottawa's LRT system, is also in LeBreton Flats. About half of the total area, on the south side of the Kichi Zibi Mikan, is undergoing redevelopment. The population was 620 (2016 Census), [2] up from 373 (2011 Census), and 57 in 2006 [3] and 50 in 2001. [4]

Early history

Founding

LeBreton Flats, c. 1865 The LeBreton Flats, seen from Parliament Hill, Ottawa.jpg
LeBreton Flats, c. 1865

LeBreton Flats was named after Lieutenant John LeBreton [5] (1779–1848), one of Nepean Township's first settlers (c. 1819) and a hero of the War of 1812. As an officer in the Royal Newfoundland Regiment between April and October 1812, he acted as adjutant to the Voltigeurs Canadiens. LeBreton purchased the area in 1820, a purchase which has been described[ by whom? ] as solely for the purpose of capitalizing on the construction of the planned Rideau Canal.

The account, according to his detractors,[ who? ] goes as follows. In 1820, LeBreton lived at the community of Britannia, west of Ottawa and overheard Lord Dalhousie explain that the intended plan for the Rideau Canal was from Dow's Lake to the Chaudière Falls, directly crossing the flats. LeBreton bought the land for £499, before Lord Dalhousie had a chance to purchase the territory. LeBreton then offered to sell the land to Dalhousie for £3000. Dalhousie recognized LeBreton's land speculation and was so infuriated he decided to move the canal to Entrance Bay, the current location where the canal enters into the Ottawa River. This significantly raised the cost of the canal, as it was a longer route and additional locks were now required. At the same time, Dalhousie purchased neighbouring Barracks Hill as part of the agreement, which would become Parliament Hill. [6]

For his part, LeBreton vigorously maintained that he had purchased the land fairly at a public auction and that he had been grievously wronged by Dalhousie and those in the community who took the Governor General's side. LeBreton claimed he was one of the few to grasp the commercial value of the flats and that he had begun to make offers to acquire land there as early as 1818, well before the canal was approved or any route revealed. LeBreton presented Dalhousie with a lengthy written defence against the allegations. These arguments Dalhousie somewhat peremptorily dismissed, entrenching the notion of LeBreton as a swindler in local legend. [7]

19th-century development

LeBreton Flats after the 1900 fire. Lebreton Flats after 1900 fire.jpg
LeBreton Flats after the 1900 fire.

By the mid-19th century, LeBreton Flats developed into a mixed community to serve the lumber mills on the nearby Chaudière and Victoria islands. A rail line came in with a station and yards, and industries developed in turn. There was also housing for both the workers and owners, as well as hotels and taverns.

The area was ravaged by the Great Fire of 1900, which had started across the river in Hull (now Gatineau, Quebec), but crossed over by way of the great stacks of piled lumber on the islands. The fire destroyed the neighbourhood, leaving many homeless. The area was rebuilt, but the lumber barons relocated their dwellings up into the city proper above the escarpment, leaving the workers as the remaining Flats' residents.

Urban renewal and redevelopment

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1951 2,512—    
1956 1,947−22.5%
1961 2,161+11.0%
1966 95−95.6%
1971 95+0.0%
1976 70−26.3%
1981 60−14.3%
1986 45−25.0%
1991 60+33.3%
1996 45−25.0%
2001 47+4.4%
2006 57+21.3%
2011 373+554.4%
2016 620+66.2%
2021 847+36.6%
Source: [8] [9]
Two children in LeBreton Flats in 1963, as the lands were being expropriated and the residents forced to vacate the neighbourhood. Child pushing a stroller down the street near Lebreton Flats.jpg
Two children in LeBreton Flats in 1963, as the lands were being expropriated and the residents forced to vacate the neighbourhood.

In the 1960s, expropriation occurred in order to make room for redevelopment, including offices for the Government of Canada. Ottawa Valley artist Ralph Wallace Burton documented the neighbourhood in his Lebreton Flats series of oil sketches (now on display in Ottawa City Hall), "working just ahead of the demolition crews". [10]

As a result of disputes over the use of the land and soil contamination from the previous industrial uses, the land remained vacant for over forty years. It was used in the winter for piling snow that had been removed from Ottawa streets, with the pile often remaining well into the late spring. As a result of the runoff from this snowpile, the land became more contaminated.

Because of this, it was found that almost all of the area's topsoil would have to be removed in order for redevelopment to proceed, but the ownership had to be consolidated, since the Government of Canada, the former Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton government, and the City of Ottawa were all landowners. This situation was remedied with a federal agency called the National Capital Commission (NCC) acquiring all title to the land.

In May 2005, the new home for the Canadian War Museum was opened on LeBreton Flats as the first component of redevelopment. There are plans to use the remainder of the site for housing, commercial space, offices and parkland.

The southern part of LeBreton Flats between Albert Street and Nanny Goat Hill escaped the expropriation of the 1960s. In this area, brick houses and townhouses built immediately following the 1900 fire still exist alongside row housing built in the 1970s. The portion of Lorne Avenue which lies below Nanny Goat Hill is an example of the housing which filled LeBreton prior to the 1960s and is a Heritage District designated by the City of Ottawa.

The western portion of the Transitway ran through LeBreton Flats, which served Lebreton Station. The Transitway was replaced by the Confederation Line light rail, which opened on September 14, 2019. [11]

As of the Canada 2006 Census, 57 people were living in LeBreton Flats. [12] The portion of LeBreton Flats that had been expropriated and left vacant in the 1960s welcomed its first residents in 2008, as the first condominium building constructed in the first phase of the redevelopment neared completion. [13]

RendezVous LeBreton development

In 2015, the NCC put out a request for submissions to redevelop the south and south-western sections of LeBreton Flats, north of Albert Street, 21 hectares (52 acres) in size. Four groups submitted proposals:

In April 2016, the NCC selected the RendezVous LeBreton proposal, which included 4,000 housing units, park space, a recreation facility with services for the disabled, a library (just off the defined redevelopment lands) and a new arena for the Ottawa Senators team in the NHL. [14] A completion date was not announced.

In January 2018, the NCC reached an agreement with RendezVous to redevelop LeBreton Flats in a two-phase operation. However, before construction could begin a conflict between the development consortium parties led to that project being cancelled by the NCC. The NCC then conducted a new series of public consultations which resulted in a new Preliminary Master Concept Plan [15] being approved in January 2020. The plan divided the undeveloped land into four sectors, with the intention of determining, in the first half of 2020, the order in which the various parcels of land will be developed, and parks and public spaces created.

Pooley's Bridge

Pooley's Bridge Pooley s Bridge.jpg
Pooley's Bridge

Pooley's Bridge ( 45°25′00″N75°42′39″W / 45.416594°N 75.7108°W / 45.416594; -75.7108 ), Ottawa's oldest bridge, is a stone arch bicycle/pedestrian bridge located in LeBreton Flats east of the Canadian War Museum and south of the Portage Bridge. The three span closed spandrel stone arch structure, built in 1873, was designated as a heritage structure by the City of Ottawa in 1994. It is located beside the Fleet Street Pumping Station (Ottawa's original water works) at the end of Fleet Street. [16] [17]

The bridge is located at 9 Fleet Street, at the southwest edge of Bronson Park. It is very near and southeast of LeBreton Flats' first new condo unit. It is south (but beyond some grassy area) of where Wellington Street meets the Portage Bridge. The city describes it as "over the channel tailrace of the Fleet Street Pumping Station". [16] The City waterworks building, including the pumping station and the aqueduct were designated as heritage in 1982 under the Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act. [18]

Pooley's Bridge is one of six stone arch bridges in the Lebreton Flats, all built c. 1873. All are Heritage Bridges and are designated to serve as pedestrian/bicycle facilities only. [16] The five other bridges are all single span stone arch bridges over the aqueduct, west of Pooley's Bridge. They are: Canada Central Railway Bridge, Broad Street Bridge, Lloyd Street Bridge, Grand Trunk Railway Bridge and Lett Street Bridge. The first bridge is owned by the National Capital Commission; the second, third and fifth by the City of Ottawa; and the fourth bridge is under the Region's ownership. The third, fourth and fifth bridges are connected. [16]

The condition of Pooley's Bridge has been of concern for a number of years. It was necessary to undertake the controlled removal operations on the bridge in 1994, to ensure public safety. Due to anticipated failures, the City of Ottawa filed an Application to Alter and make repairs to five other stone arch bridges in the area in 1999. The repairs required at the five stone arch bridges were relatively minor, but expensive. [16]

Pooley's Bridge in Bytown, an earlier bridge, was built in 1836 by Lieutenant Henry Pooley and assigned by Colonel John By who gave it the name after seeing the unpeeled log structure. [19] The bridge was on the road from Wellington and Bank en route to the Union Bridge (see Chaudière Bridge). [20] It was between Upper Town and LeBreton Flats, and appeared in a Chesterton painting. [21]

Tailrace whitewater course

Downstream of Pooley's Bridge and the Pumphouse lies the Tailrace. The Ottawa River Runners made the Tailrace into a Class 2 whitewater course with natural and artificial obstacles for competitions and practice. [22]

Events held at LeBreton Flats

The Ottawa Bluesfest music festival takes place at Lebreton Flats annually. Performances by many international and local musicians occur during this 10-day music festival in the month of July. [23]

In 2022, the main Canada Day stage show, traditionally held on Parliament Hill, was moved to the park due to the ongoing renovation project at the Centre Block. [24]

Public art

When the Rubber Meets the Road When the Rubber Meets the Road.jpg
When the Rubber Meets the Road

In 2023, a sculpture called When the Rubber Meets the Road by Gerald Beaulieu was installed by the National Capital Commission on a bike path in LeBreton, near Pimisi station. The sculpture, which depicts a run-over crow, is 5 metres long, weighs 360 kilograms and is made of 50–60 recycled tires. The NCC paid $14,022 for the work, which will be on display for one year. Its instalment was met with mixed reactions from the public, with some people loving it, and some criticizing the expenditure. [25] [26] [27]

See also

View of LeBreton Flats in December 2005, prior to redevelopment. Lebretonflatsmgs.jpg
View of LeBreton Flats in December 2005, prior to redevelopment.

Related Research Articles

Bytown is the former name of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It was founded on September 26, 1826, incorporated as a town on January 1, 1850, and superseded by the incorporation of the City of Ottawa on January 1, 1855. The founding was marked by a sod turning, and a letter from Governor General Dalhousie which authorized Lieutenant Colonel John By to divide up the town into lots. Bytown came about as a result of the construction of the Rideau Canal and grew largely due to the Ottawa River timber trade. Bytown's first mayor was John Scott, elected in 1847.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kichi Zibi Mikan</span> Four-lane parkway in Ottawa, Canada

The Kichi Zībī Mīkan, formerly the Sir John A. Macdonald Parkway, and previously the Ottawa River Parkway, is a four-lane scenic parkway along the Ottawa River in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. It runs from Carling Avenue near Connaught Avenue, to Booth Street at the Canadian War Museum and National Holocaust Monument. It is maintained by the National Capital Commission. The speed limit is 60 km/h (37 mph). Bicycles are allowed on the road and on a parallel recreational path along the parkway.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chaudière Falls</span> Waterfalls on the Ottawa River, Canada

The Chaudière Falls, also known as the Kana:tso or Akikodjiwan Falls, are a set of cascades and waterfall in the centre of the Ottawa-Gatineau metropolitan area in Canada where the Ottawa River narrows between a rocky escarpment on both sides of the river. The location is just west of the Chaudière Bridge and Booth-Eddy streets corridor, northwest of the Canadian War Museum at LeBreton Flats and adjacent to the historic industrial E. B. Eddy complex. The islands surrounding the Chaudière Falls, counter-clockwise, are Chaudière Island, Albert Island, little Coffin Island was just south of Albert Island but is now submerged, Victoria Island and Amelia Island,, Philemon Island was originally called the Peninsular Village by the Wrights but became an island when the timber slide was built in 1829 it is now fused to south shore of City of Gatineau, and Russell Island, now submerged, was at the head of the Falls before the Ring dam was built. The falls are about 60 metres (200 ft) wide and drop 15 metres (49 ft). The area around the falls was once heavily industrialized, especially in the 19th century, driving growth of the surrounding cities.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chaudière Bridge</span> Bridge

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ottawa River timber trade</span> Historic timber industry in the Ottawa Valley of Ontario, Canada

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Ādisōke is the name of an upcoming joint facility between the Ottawa Public Library (OPL) and Library and Archives Canada (LAC). The OPL and LAC Joint Facility project's goal is to bring together the extensive collections of both institutions into one centre. It includes a series of community and creative spaces that aim to appeal to all residents and visitors of Ottawa. The official name and branding for the facility was released in October 2023.

References

Notes

  1. ↑ "National Holocaust Monument unveiled in downtown Ottawa". September 28, 2017.
  2. ↑ "Census Profile, 2016 Census - 35060399 [Dissemination area], Ontario and Canada [Country]". February 8, 2017.
  3. ↑ Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics (February 8, 2012). "Statistics Canada: 2011 Census Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ↑ "Census tract profile for 0047.00 (CT), Ottawa - Gatineau (CMA) and Ontario". www12.statcan.ca.
  5. ↑ "Biography – LE BRETON, JOHN – Volume VII (1836-1850) – Dictionary of Canadian Biography".
  6. ↑ Woods 1980, p. 48.
  7. ↑ Hill, Hamnett P., pp. 24-39
  8. ↑ "Canadian Neighbourhood Change Explorer 1951–2021".
  9. ↑ "Census tract profile for 0047.00 (CT), Ottawa - Gatineau (CMA) and Ontario".
  10. ↑ Midcentury Modernist. "Ralph Burton on Lebreton Flats". urbsite.blogspot.com.
  11. ↑ Watson, Jim (August 23, 2019). "Line 1 opens on Sept. 14". octranspo.com. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
  12. ↑ "Census tract profile for 0047.00 (CT), Ottawa - Gatineau (CMA) and Ontario". www12.statcan.ca.
  13. ↑ Kelly Egan, "Early inhabitants revel in the city life" Archived November 5, 2012, at the Wayback Machine . Ottawa Citizen . October 17, 2008. Retrieved October 17, 2008.
  14. ↑ Fedio, Chloé (April 28, 2016). "Ottawa Senators-backed bid top choice for LeBreton redevelopment". CBC News . Retrieved May 19, 2017.
  15. ↑ Plan
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 "Rehabilitation of Pooley's Bridge and Five Stone Arch Bridges - Lebreton Flats - Public Hearing" (PDF). Region of Ottawa-Carleton. April 21, 1999.
  17. ↑ "Pooley's Bridge Rehabilitation, 2001". Barry Padolsky Associates Inc. Archived from the original on March 30, 2012. Retrieved December 26, 2018.
  18. ↑ "Report to Planning and Environment Committee and Council, 27 March 2007". City of Ottawa. Retrieved December 26, 2018.
  19. ↑ Mika, Nick; Mika, Helma (1982), Bytown: The Early Days of Ottawa, Belleville, Ont: Mika Publishing Company, ISBN   0-919303-60-9
  20. ↑ Haig, Robert (1975), Ottawa: City of the Big Ears, Ottawa: Haig and Haig Publishing Co.
  21. ↑ John H. Taylor (January 1, 1986). Ottawa: an illustrated history. J. Lorimer. p. 11. ISBN   978-0-88862-981-4.
  22. ↑ "The Pumphouse" . Retrieved September 19, 2017.
  23. ↑ "RBC Royal Bank Bluesfest – Ottawa Festival Facts". Bluesfest. Archived from the original on April 3, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2013.
  24. ↑ "Canada Day celebrations moving from Parliament Hill". Ottawa. May 16, 2022. Retrieved May 17, 2022.
  25. ↑ "What's this new sculpture people are crowing about?". CBC Ottawa. June 29, 2023.
  26. ↑ "Crow roadkill statue made of tires turns heads in Ottawa". The Globe and Mail. July 1, 2023.
  27. ↑ "Social media abuzz about Ottawa's new roadkill crow sculpture". CTV Ottawa. June 28, 2023.

Bibliography

  • Jenkins, Phil (1996), An Acre of Time, Toronto, Ontario: Macfarlane Walter & Ross
  • Woods, Shirley E. Jr. (1980), Ottawa: The Capital of Canada,, Toronto, Ontario: Doubleday Canada, ISBN   0-385-14722-8
  • Hill (1876–1942), Hamnett P. (1919), Robert Randall And The Le Breton Flats; An Account Of The Early Legal And Political Controversies Respecting The Ownership Of A Large Portion Of The Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario: James Hope & Sons Limited. Also various modern reproductions including Nabu Press. See External link below for full text online.{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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