List of bridges in Iran

Historical and architectural interest bridges

	Name	Persian	Distinction	Length	Type	Carries Crosses	Opened	Location	Province	Ref.
	Band-e Kaisar Caesar's dam	بند قیصر	National monument ID 78 Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System World Heritage Site (2009)	500 m (1,600 ft)	Masonry Dam bridge	Out of order Karun	3rd century	Shushtar 32°03′15.2″N48°50′54.5″E / 32.054222°N 48.848472°E / 32.054222; 48.848472 (Band-e Kaisar)	Khuzestan	[I 1] [S 1] [1] [2]
	Old Bridge of Dezful	پل قدیم دزفول	National monument ID 84	385 m (1,263 ft)	Masonry 14 arches	Dez River	3rd century	Dezful 32°22′52.8″N48°23′27.8″E / 32.381333°N 48.391056°E / 32.381333; 48.391056 (Old Bridge of Dezful)	Khuzestan	[I 2] [S 2] [3]
	Pol-e Dokhtar Bridge  [ fa ]	پلدختر	Build during the Sasanian era Height : 30 m (98 ft)	270 m (890 ft)	Masonry 8 arches originally	Out of order Qizil-Uzun	3rd century	Pol-e Dokhtar 33°09′36.8″N47°42′56.3″E / 33.160222°N 47.715639°E / 33.160222; 47.715639 (Pol-e Dokhtar Bridge)	Khuzestan	[4]
	Kavar Bridge  [ fa ]	پل کوار	National monument ID 6034 Build during the Sasanian era	125 m (410 ft)	Masonry 6 arches originally	Out of order Qare Aghaj	3rd century	Kavar 29°10′56.0″N52°41′48.8″E / 29.182222°N 52.696889°E / 29.182222; 52.696889 (Kavar Bridge)	Fars	[S 3] [5]
	Kashkan Bridge	پل کشکان	National monument ID 335	300 m (980 ft)	Masonry 12 arches originally	Out of order Karkheh River		Moradabad 33°35′17.0″N47°52′56.8″E / 33.588056°N 47.882444°E / 33.588056; 47.882444 (Kashkan Bridge)	Lorestan	[I 3] [S 4] [6]
	Shapuri Bridge	پل شاپوری	Build during the Sasanian era		Masonry 28 arches originally	Out of order		Khorramabad 33°28′03.9″N48°20′19.7″E / 33.467750°N 48.338806°E / 33.467750; 48.338806 (Shapuri Bridge)	Lorestan	[I 4] [S 5] [6]
	Gavmishan Bridge	پل گاوميشان	Build during the Sasanian era	175 m (574 ft)	Masonry	Out of order Karkheh River		Halush 33°05′02.5″N47°32′16.2″E / 33.084028°N 47.537833°E / 33.084028; 47.537833 (Gavmishan Bridge)	Lorestan	[I 5]
	Kiz Bridge	پل دختر میانه	National monument ID 87 Span : 23.9 m (78 ft)		Masonry 3 arches	Out of order Qizil Üzan	8th century	Mianeh 37°19′27.1″N47°49′06.3″E / 37.324194°N 47.818417°E / 37.324194; 47.818417 (Kiz Bridge)	East Azerbaijan	[I 6] [S 6] [7] [8]
	Shahrestan Bridge	پل شهرستان	National monument ID 889 Built during Seljuq dynasty	140 m (460 ft)	Masonry 13 arches	Footbridge Zayanderud	11th century	Isfahan 32°37′37.3″N51°43′03.5″E / 32.627028°N 51.717639°E / 32.627028; 51.717639 (Shahrestan Bridge)	Isfahan	[I 7] [S 7] [9]
	First Khodaafarin Bridge	پل خداآفرین	Azerbaijan–Iran border	160 m (520 ft)	Masonry 11 arches	Out of order Aras	12th century	Khoda Afarin County - Cəbrayil 39°09′25.1″N46°56′13.6″E / 39.156972°N 46.937111°E / 39.156972; 46.937111 (First Khodaafarin Bridge)	East Azerbaijan   Azerbaijan	[I 8]
	Second Khodaafarin Bridge	پل خداآفرین	Azerbaijan–Iran border	120 m (390 ft)	Masonry 15 arches	Footbridge Aras	13th century	Khoda Afarin County - Cəbrayil 39°09′03.1″N46°56′25.4″E / 39.150861°N 46.940389°E / 39.150861; 46.940389 (Second Khodaafarin Bridge)	East Azerbaijan   Azerbaijan	[I 8] [S 8]
	Marnan Bridge	پل مارنان	Built during the Safavid dynasty		Masonry 17 arches	Footbridge Zayanderud	1599	Isfahan 32°38′28.9″N51°38′36.2″E / 32.641361°N 51.643389°E / 32.641361; 51.643389 (Marnan Bridge)	Isfahan	[I 9] [S 9]
	Si-o-se-pol	سی وسه پل	National monument ID 110 Built during the Safavid dynasty	298 m (978 ft)	Masonry 33 arches (2 levels) Dam bridge	Footbridge Zayanderud	1602	Isfahan 32°38′40.5″N51°40′02.9″E / 32.644583°N 51.667472°E / 32.644583; 51.667472 (Si-o-se-pol)	Isfahan	[I 10] [S 10] [10]
	Latidan Bridge  [ fa ]	پل لاتیدان			Masonry	Out of order Kul River	1619	Nimeh Kar 27°11′39.2″N55°45′00.4″E / 27.194222°N 55.750111°E / 27.194222; 55.750111 (Latidan Bridge)	Hormozgan	[I 11] [S 11]
	Khaju Bridge	پل خواجو	National monument ID 111 Built during the Safavid dynasty	132 m (433 ft)	Masonry 21 arches (2 levels) Dam bridge	Footbridge Zayanderud	1650	Isfahan 32°38′12.6″N51°40′59.9″E / 32.636833°N 51.683306°E / 32.636833; 51.683306 (Khaju Bridge)	Isfahan	[I 12] [S 12] [11]
	Joubi Bridge	پل جویی	Built during the Safavid dynasty	147 m (482 ft)	Masonry 21 arches	Footbridge Zayanderud	1665	Isfahan 32°38′16.8″N51°40′38.8″E / 32.638000°N 51.677444°E / 32.638000; 51.677444 (Joubi Bridge)	Isfahan	[I 13] [S 13] [12]
	Mohammad Hassan Khan bridge	پل محمدحسن‌خان	National monument ID 1414	140 m (460 ft)	Masonry 9 arches	Babol Roud	18th century	Babol 36°31′27.1″N52°39′50.5″E / 36.524194°N 52.664028°E / 36.524194; 52.664028 (Mohammad Hassan Khan Bridge)	Mazandaran	[I 14] [13] [14]
	Davazdah Cheshmeh	پل دوازده چشمه	Built during the Safavid dynasty	130 m (430 ft)	Masonry 12 arches	Haraz River	18th century	Amol 36°28′17.5″N52°21′21.9″E / 36.471528°N 52.356083°E / 36.471528; 52.356083 (Davazdah Cheshmeh)	Mazandaran	[S 14] [13] [14]
	Adobe Bridge of Langarud  [ fa ]	پل خشتی لنگرود		37 m (121 ft)	Masonry 2 arches	Langeroud river	18th century	Langarud 37°11′46.5″N50°09′04.4″E / 37.196250°N 50.151222°E / 37.196250; 50.151222 (Adobe Bridge of Langarud)	Gilan	[15]
	Maragha Bridge  [ fa ]	پل مردق	National monument ID 7540 Built during the Safavid dynasty	26 m (85 ft)	Masonry 3 arches	Mardaq-Chay		Maragheh 37°20′35.3″N46°24′13.0″E / 37.343139°N 46.403611°E / 37.343139; 46.403611 (Maragha Bridge)	East Azerbaijan	[16]
	Shapoor Bridge	پل شاپور	Built during the Qajar dynasty		Masonry 2 arches	Otjun River		Chaybagh 36°21′02.0″N52°51′35.7″E / 36.350556°N 52.859917°E / 36.350556; 52.859917 (Shapoor Bridge)	Mazandaran province	[13]
	Miandoab Bridge  [ fa ]	پل میرزا رسول	National monument ID 2068 Built during the Qajar dynasty	52 m (171 ft)	Masonry 5 arches	Out of order Zarrineh River		Miandoab 36°57′24.2″N46°03′12.3″E / 36.956722°N 46.053417°E / 36.956722; 46.053417 (Miandoab Bridge)	West Azerbaijan
	Pol-e Siah	پل سیاه اهواز	National monument ID 2599	1,050 m (3,440 ft)	Beam Steel	Railway bridge Karun	1919	Ahvaz 31°19′57.8″N48°40′50.0″E / 31.332722°N 48.680556°E / 31.332722; 48.680556 (Pol-e Siah)	Khuzestan	[S 15]
	Veresk Bridge	پل ورسک	National monument ID 1534 Span : 66 m (217 ft) Height : 110 m (360 ft)	273 m (896 ft)	Masonry 1 main arch, 10 secondary arches	Trans-Iranian Railway	1936	Veresk 35°54′11.9″N52°59′26.7″E / 35.903306°N 52.990750°E / 35.903306; 52.990750 (Veresk Bridge)	Mazandaran	[I 15] [S 16]
	Moalagh Bridge	پل معلق آمل	National monument ID 1524	140 m (460 ft)	Arch Concrete tied-arch	Haraz River	1959	Amol 36°28′13.8″N52°21′21.6″E / 36.470500°N 52.356000°E / 36.470500; 52.356000 (Moalagh Bridge)	Mazandaran
	Meshginshahr suspension bridge	پل معلق مشگین‌شهر	Span : 325 m (1,066 ft) Height : 80 m (260 ft)		Suspension Steel	Footbridge Khiav River	2015	Meshginshahr 38°22′30.8″N47°41′02.2″E / 38.375222°N 47.683944°E / 38.375222; 47.683944 (Meshginshahr suspension bridge)	Ardabil	[S 17] [17]
	Tabiat Bridge	پل طبیعت		270 m (890 ft)	Truss Steel	Footbridge Modarres Expressway	2014	Tehran 35°45′15.5″N51°21′13.6″E / 35.754306°N 51.353778°E / 35.754306; 51.353778 (Tabiat Bridge)	Tehran	[S 18]

Major bridges

	Name	Persian	Span	Length	Type	Carries Crosses	Opened	Location	Province	Ref.
	Persian Gulf Bridge under construction	پل خلیج فارس	360 m (1,180 ft) (x3)	3,430 m (11,250 ft)	Cable-stayed Steel box girder deck, concrete pylons (180+360+180)x3	Road-rail bridge Clarence Strait		Bandar e Pol - Qeshm Island 26°57′44.9″N55°45′16.8″E / 26.962472°N 55.754667°E / 26.962472; 55.754667 (Persian Gulf Bridge)	Hormozgan	[18]
	Karun 4 Arch Bridge	پل قوسی کارون 4	300 m (980 ft)	378 m (1,240 ft)	Arch Steel deck arch	Road 72 (Iran) Karun (reservoir of Karun-4 Dam)	2015	Kabusi 31°38′28.9″N50°29′22.7″E / 31.641361°N 50.489639°E / 31.641361; 50.489639 (Karun 4 Arch Bridge)	Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari	[19] [20] [21]
		Sebalootak Bridge	پل ترکه ای سه بلوطک	260 m (850 ft)	416 m (1,365 ft)	Cable-stayed Composite steel/concrete deck, concrete pylons 105+260+51	Road bridge Karun (reservoir of Karun-3 Dam)		Zaras 31°35′26.6″N50°16′31.1″E / 31.590722°N 50.275306°E / 31.590722; 50.275306 (Sebalootak Bridge)	Khuzestan	[22] [23]
	Lali Bridge	پل لالی	256 m (840 ft)	460 m (1,510 ft)	Cable-stayed Composite steel/concrete deck, concrete pylons	Lali New Road Karun (reservoir of Upper Gotvand Dam)	2011	Lali 32°15′49.3″N49°04′40.9″E / 32.263694°N 49.078028°E / 32.263694; 49.078028 (Lali Bridge)	Khuzestan	[S 19] [24] [25]
	Karun 3 Dam Bridge	سد کارون 3	252 m (827 ft)	336 m (1,102 ft)	Arch Steel deck arch	Road 72 (Iran) Karun (reservoir of Karun-3 Dam)	2005	Bajool 31°46′55.0″N50°07′07.1″E / 31.781944°N 50.118639°E / 31.781944; 50.118639 (Karun 3 Dam Bridge)	Khuzestan	[26]
	Ghotour Bridge	پل قطور	223 m (732 ft)	443 m (1,453 ft)	Arch Steel truss deck arch	Trans-Iranian Railway Ghotour River	1970	Khoy 38°28′40.8″N44°46′06.4″E / 38.478000°N 44.768444°E / 38.478000; 44.768444 (Ghotour Bridge)	West Azerbaijan	[S 20]
	Eighth Ahvaz Bridge	پل هشتم	212 m (696 ft)	643 m (2,110 ft)	Cable-stayed Composite steel/concrete deck, concrete pylons 78+212+78	Road bridge Karun	2011	Ahvaz 31°18′50.4″N48°40′18.4″E / 31.314000°N 48.671778°E / 31.314000; 48.671778 (Eighth Ahvaz Bridge)	Khuzestan	[S 21] [27]
	Karun 4 Cable-stayed Bridge	پل ترکه ای کارون 4	210 m (690 ft)	380 m (1,250 ft)	Cable-stayed Steel deck and pylons 46+80+210+43	Road bridge Pipeline bridge Karun (reservoir of Karun-4 Dam)	2016	Morvari 31°44′49.0″N50°23′34.6″E / 31.746944°N 50.392944°E / 31.746944; 50.392944 (Karun 4 Cable-stayed Bridge)	Khuzestan	[28]
	Karun 3 Dam East Bridge	سد کارون 3	160 m (520 ft)	213 m (699 ft)	Arch Steel deck arch	Road 72 (Iran) Karun (reservoir of Karun-3 Dam)	2005	Bajool 31°46′45.7″N50°07′19.4″E / 31.779361°N 50.122056°E / 31.779361; 50.122056 (Karun 3 Dam East Bridge)	Khuzestan	[26]
		Bahrami Bridge	پل کابلی	150 m (490 ft)	675 m (2,215 ft)	Cable-stayed Composite steel/concrete deck, concrete pylons 72+150+72	Shushtar Bypass Road 39 Karun	2006	Shushtar 32°02′02.1″N48°49′19.7″E / 32.033917°N 48.822139°E / 32.033917; 48.822139 (Bahrami Bridge)	Khuzestan	[S 22] [29] [30] [31]
	Ninth Ahvaz Bridge	پل نهم اهواز	150 m (490 ft)		Box girder Prestressed concrete 80+150+80	Road bridge Karun		Ahvaz 31°21′49.0″N48°41′14.5″E / 31.363611°N 48.687361°E / 31.363611; 48.687361 (Ninth Ahvaz Bridge)	Khuzestan	[32]
	Mared Bridge	پل مارد	144 m (472 ft)		Arch Steel tied arch	Road bridge Karun	2005	Khorramshahr 30°25′51.5″N48°10′36.1″E / 30.430972°N 48.176694°E / 30.430972; 48.176694 (Mared Bridge)	Khuzestan	[33]
	Seventh Ahvaz Bridge	پل هفتم	140 m (460 ft) (x2)	490 m (1,610 ft)	Box girder Prestressed concrete 75+140+140+75	Road bridge Karun	1998	Ahvaz 31°20′05.4″N48°41′16.0″E / 31.334833°N 48.687778°E / 31.334833; 48.687778 (Seventh Ahvaz Bridge)	Khuzestan	[S 23] [34]
	White Bridge	پل اهواز	136 m (446 ft)	501 m (1,644 ft)	Arch Steel through arch 136 and 130 m	Felestin Street - Taleghani Karun	1936	Ahvaz 31°19′25.2″N48°40′36.3″E / 31.323667°N 48.676750°E / 31.323667; 48.676750 (White Bridge)	Khuzestan	[S 24] [35]
	Ghaziyan Bridge	پل غازیان	125 m (410 ft)	275 m (902 ft)	Box girder Prestressed concrete 50+125+75+25 Twin bridges	Road 49 (Iran) Sefīd-Rūd	2005	Bandar-e Anzali 37°27′55.7″N49°28′05.5″E / 37.465472°N 49.468194°E / 37.465472; 49.468194 (Ghaziyan Bridge)	Gilan	[36]
	Gotvand Bridge	پل گتوند	125 m (410 ft)	260 m (850 ft)	Box girder Prestressed concrete 67+125+67	Road bridge Karun	2009	Gotvand 32°15′38.7″N48°50′00.7″E / 32.260750°N 48.833528°E / 32.260750; 48.833528 (Gotvand Bridge)	Khuzestan	[37]
	Sevom Khordad Bridge	پل سوم خرداد	120 m (390 ft)	300 m (980 ft)	Box girder Prestressed concrete 30+30+60+120+60	Road bridge Karun	2005	Darkhoveyn 30°44′14.6″N48°24′26.6″E / 30.737389°N 48.407389°E / 30.737389; 48.407389 (Sevom Khordad Bridge)	Khuzestan	[38]
	Karun 1 Dam Bridge	پل کارون 1	100 m (330 ft)	190 m (620 ft)	Box girder Prestressed concrete 45+100+45	Road bridge Karun	2005	Eslamabad 32°02′06.1″N49°36′34.7″E / 32.035028°N 49.609639°E / 32.035028; 49.609639 (Karun 1 Dam Bridge)	Khuzestan	[39]
	Second Shushtar Bridge	پل دوم شوشتر	100 m (330 ft) (x2)	700 m (2,300 ft)	Arch Steel tied-arch 100+30+76+30+100	Road bridge Karun	2011	Shushtar 32°02′57.7″N48°50′09.8″E / 32.049361°N 48.836056°E / 32.049361; 48.836056 (Second Shushtar Bridge)	Khuzestan	[40]
	Tale Zang Bridge	پل راه آهن تله زنگ	100 m (330 ft)	215 m (705 ft)	Box girder Prestressed concrete 65+100+50	Dorud-Andimeshk railway Dez River	2012	Tale Zang 32°49′31.5″N48°45′53.3″E / 32.825417°N 48.764806°E / 32.825417; 48.764806 (Tale Zang Bridge)	Khuzestan	[41]
	Urmia Lake Bridge	پل میان‌گذر دریاچه ارومیه	100 m (330 ft)	1,414 m (4,639 ft)	Arch Steel tied-arch	Road 16 (Iran) Lake Urmia		Urmia - Aq Gonbad 37°47′35.8″N45°22′27.7″E / 37.793278°N 45.374361°E / 37.793278; 45.374361 (Urmia Lake Bridge)	West Azerbaijan East Azerbaijan	[42]

See also

• Transport in Iran
• List of roads and highways in Iran
• Islamic Republic of Iran Railways
• Geography of Iran

References

• Iran Tourism and Touring Organization. "List of Iranian bridges". itto.org.

1. "Band-e Kaisar (Shadorvan Bridge)".
2. "Dezful Old Bridge".
3. "Kashgan Bridge".
4. "Shapouri Bridge".
5. "Gavmishan Bridge".
6. "Dokhtar Bridge (Kiz Bridge)".
7. "Shahrestan Bridge".
8. "Khoda Afarin Bridge".
9. "Marnan Bridge".
10. "Sio Seh Pol Bridge".
11. "Latidan Bridge".
12. "Khajoo Bridge".
13. "Sa'adat Abad Bridge".
14. "Mohammad Hassan Khan Bridge".
15. "Veresk Bridge".

• Nicolas Janberg. "International Database for Civil and Structural Engineering". Structurae.com .

1. "Band-e Kaisar".
2. "Old Dezful Bridge".
3. "Kavar Bridge".
4. "Kashkan Bridge".
5. "Shapuri Bridge".
6. "Dokhtar Bridge".
7. "Shahrestan Bridge".
8. "Khoda-Afarin Bridge (13th century)".
9. "Marnan Bridge".
10. "Allahverdi Khan Bridge".
11. "Latidan Bridge".
12. "Khaju Bridge".
13. "Joubi Bridge".
14. "Davazdah Cheshmeh Bridge".
15. "Ahvaz Rail Bridge".
16. "Veresk Bridge".
17. "Meshginshahr Suspension Bridge".
18. "Tabiat Bridge".
19. "Lali Bridge".
20. "Ghotour Bridge".
21. "Eighth Ahvaz Bridge".
22. "Karoon River Bridge".
23. "Seventh Ahvaz Bridge".
24. "Sefid Bridge".

• Other references

1. "Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System". whc.unesco.org.
2. "Shushtar". livius.org.
3. "Pul-i Qadim (Dizful), Dizful, Iran". archnet.org.
4. "Pol-e Dokhtar". livius.org.
5. "Kavar bridge". livius.org.
6. "Iran's Six Lesser-Known Historical Bridges". financialtribune.com. February 2015.
7. Prade, Marcel Le pont de la Jeune-Fille (Dokhtaré-Pol), sur le Kisi-Lou, p.203
8. "پل دختر ميانه". tabriz.ir - Tabriz Municipality (in Persian).
9. "Pul-i Shahristan, Isfahan, Iran". archnet.org.
10. "Pul-i Allahvardi Khan, Isfahan, Iran". archnet.org.
11. "Pul-i Khwaju, Isfahan, Iran". archnet.org.
12. "Pul-i Jui, Isfahan, Iran". archnet.org.
13. Structural Identification of Bridges(Case Study: Mazandaran, Iran)
14. "Mazandaran - Historical Monuments". chnpress.com. Archived from the original on 2012-02-23.
15. "آشنایی با پل خشتی لنگرود - گیلان". hamshahrionline.ir (in Persian).
16. "Maragheh Mardaq-Chay Bridge, Memorial of Safavid Era". mehrnews.com. Archived from the original on 2005-04-25.
17. "Mideast's tallest suspension bridge inaugurated in Meshkinshahr". iran-daily.com.
18. "The Project for Community-Based Sustainable Development Master Plan Of Qeshm Island Toward "Eco-Island" in the Islamic Republic of Iran" (PDF). Qeshm Free Zone Organization - Japan International Cooperation Agency. January 2019.
19. "Bridges – Harazrah Company". Archived from the original on 2024-03-02. Retrieved 2025-09-10.
20. "Arched bridge Karun IV". hexa.ir.
21. "Iran's Longest Arch Bridge Opens". financialtribune.com.
22. "Bridges – Harazrah Company". Archived from the original on 2024-03-02. Retrieved 2025-09-10.
23. "Sebalootak Cable-Stayed Bridge". hexa.ir.
24. "Lali Bridge". hexa.ir.
25. "Lali Bridge - Lali, Iran". nck.ca.
26. "Karun III Bridge". hexa.ir.
27. "8th Ahwaz Bridge". hexa.ir.
28. "Karun IV Cable-Stayed Bridge". hexa.ir.
29. "Inauguration sur la Karun" (PDF). Sols & Structures (in French). No. 223. Freyssinet. 2006. p. 5. ISSN   1763-0142. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-01-15. Retrieved 2020-01-15.
30. "پايه هاي برق فشار متوسط از محدوده پل كابلي100 متر به عقب رانده شدند". Shushtarnews.ir (in Persian). Archived from the original on 2012-11-30.
31. "Bridges – Harazrah Company". Archived from the original on 2024-03-02. Retrieved 2025-09-10.
32. "9th Ahwaz Bridge". hexa.ir.
33. "Mared Bridge". hexa.ir.
34. "7th Ahwaz Bridge". hexa.ir.
35. "پل معلق (پل سفید) اهواز". degar.ir (in Persian).
36. "Ghaziyan Bridge". hexa.ir.
37. "Goutvand Bridge". hexa.ir.
38. "Sevom Khordad Bridge (Darquain)". hexa.ir.
39. "Karun I Bridge". hexa.ir.
40. "2nd Bridge of Shooshtar". hexa.ir.
41. "Tale Zang Bridge". hexa.ir.
42. "Oromieh Lake Bridge, Iran" (PDF). aaj.no. Aas-Jakobsen civil engineering consulting, Oslo. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04.

External links

• M.R. MehdiNezhad, E. AmirKolaee, H. Nikbakht, H.G. PateRoudi (2014). "Structural Identification of Bridges(Case Study: Mazandaran, Iran)" (PDF). ojceu.ir. Journal of Civil Engineering and Urbanism, Volume 4, Issue3.
• "Category: Bridges in Iran". highestbridges.com.
• "List of bridges". archnet.org. Archived from the original on 2012-08-31.

Further reading

• Prade, Marcel (1990). Les Grands Ponts du Monde : Ponts Remarquables Hors d'Europe (in French). Poitiers: Brissaud. ISBN   2-902170-68-8.
• Shiraazi, K.; OstadiAsl, Z.; Sheikhloie, V.; Azami, A.; Hassanimehr, S. (2012). Traditionally Sustainability Analyses of Hydraulic-Architectural Bridge Construction in Iran. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology.