List of bridges in Iran

Last updated

Contents

Historical and architectural interest bridges

NamePersianDistinctionLengthTypeCarries
Crosses
OpenedLocationProvinceRef.
Sushtar Bridge.jpg Band-e Kaisar
Caesar's dam
بند قیصرNational monument ID 78
Shushtar Historical Hydraulic System
World Heritage Logo global.svg World Heritage Site (2009)
500 m (1,600 ft) Masonry
Dam bridge
Out of order
Karun
3rd century Shushtar
32°03′15.2″N48°50′54.5″E / 32.054222°N 48.848472°E / 32.054222; 48.848472 (Band-e Kaisar)
Khuzestan [I 1]
[S 1]
[1]
[2]
Dezful pol 1.jpg Old Bridge of Dezful پل قدیم دزفولNational monument ID 84385 m (1,263 ft) Masonry
14 arches
3rd century Dezful
32°22′52.8″N48°23′27.8″E / 32.381333°N 48.391056°E / 32.381333; 48.391056 (Old Bridge of Dezful)
Khuzestan [I 2]
[S 2]
[3]
POLDOKHTAR.jpg Pol-e Dokhtar Bridge  [ fa ]پلدخترBuild during the Sasanian era
Height : 30 m (98 ft)
270 m (890 ft) Masonry
8 arches originally
Out of order
Qizil-Uzun
3rd century Pol-e Dokhtar
33°09′36.8″N47°42′56.3″E / 33.160222°N 47.715639°E / 33.160222; 47.715639 (Pol-e Dokhtar Bridge)
Khuzestan [4]
Sassanian-Era Bridge, Iran.jpg Kavar Bridge  [ fa ]پل کوارNational monument ID 6034
Build during the Sasanian era
125 m (410 ft) Masonry
6 arches originally
Out of order
Qare Aghaj
3rd century Kavar
29°10′56.0″N52°41′48.8″E / 29.182222°N 52.696889°E / 29.182222; 52.696889 (Kavar Bridge)
Fars [S 3]
[5]
pl khshkhn.jpg Kashkan Bridge پل کشکان
National monument ID 335
300 m (980 ft) Masonry
12 arches originally
Out of order
Karkheh River
Moradabad
33°35′17.0″N47°52′56.8″E / 33.588056°N 47.882444°E / 33.588056; 47.882444 (Kashkan Bridge)
Lorestan [I 3]
[S 4]
[6]
tq pyl shkhsh.JPG Shapuri Bridge پل شاپوریBuild during the Sasanian era Masonry
28 arches originally
Out of order
Khorramabad
33°28′03.9″N48°20′19.7″E / 33.467750°N 48.338806°E / 33.467750; 48.338806 (Shapuri Bridge)
Lorestan [I 4]
[S 5]
[6]
Gavmishan Bridge (31105081883)2.jpg Gavmishan Bridge پل گاوميشانBuild during the Sasanian era175 m (574 ft) Masonry
Out of order
Karkheh River
Halush
33°05′02.5″N47°32′16.2″E / 33.084028°N 47.537833°E / 33.084028; 47.537833 (Gavmishan Bridge)
Lorestan [I 5]
Kizil Hauzen Bridge 2013.jpg Kiz Bridge پل دختر میانهNational monument ID 87
Span : 23.9 m (78 ft)
Masonry
3 arches
Out of order
Qizil Üzan
8th century Mianeh
37°19′27.1″N47°49′06.3″E / 37.324194°N 47.818417°E / 37.324194; 47.818417 (Kiz Bridge)
East Azerbaijan [I 6]
[S 6]
[7]
[8]
Shahrestan Bridge (Isfahan) 001.jpg Shahrestan Bridge پل شهرستانNational monument ID 889
Built during Seljuq dynasty
140 m (460 ft) Masonry
13 arches
Footbridge
Zayanderud
11th century Isfahan
32°37′37.3″N51°43′03.5″E / 32.627028°N 51.717639°E / 32.627028; 51.717639 (Shahrestan Bridge)
Isfahan [I 7]
[S 7]
[9]
Khudafarin bridge with 11 archs.jpg First Khodaafarin Bridge پل خداآفرین Azerbaijan–Iran border 160 m (520 ft) Masonry
11 arches
Out of order
Aras
12th century Khoda Afarin County - Cəbrayil
39°09′25.1″N46°56′13.6″E / 39.156972°N 46.937111°E / 39.156972; 46.937111 (First Khodaafarin Bridge)
East Azerbaijan
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan
[I 8]
Khodaafarin Bridges (31711908622).jpg Second Khodaafarin Bridge پل خداآفرین Azerbaijan–Iran border 120 m (390 ft) Masonry
15 arches
Footbridge
Aras
13th century Khoda Afarin County - Cəbrayil
39°09′03.1″N46°56′25.4″E / 39.150861°N 46.940389°E / 39.150861; 46.940389 (Second Khodaafarin Bridge)
East Azerbaijan
Flag of Azerbaijan.svg  Azerbaijan
[I 8]
[S 8]
Iran - Isfahan - Zayandehroud & Marnan bridge.jpg Marnan Bridge پل مارنانBuilt during the Safavid dynasty Masonry
17 arches
Footbridge
Zayanderud
1599 Isfahan
32°38′28.9″N51°38′36.2″E / 32.641361°N 51.643389°E / 32.641361; 51.643389 (Marnan Bridge)
Isfahan [I 9]
[S 9]
Si-o-se Pol (Esfahano) 001.jpg Si-o-se-pol سی وسه پلNational monument ID 110
Built during the Safavid dynasty
298 m (978 ft) Masonry
33 arches (2 levels)
Dam bridge
Footbridge
Zayanderud
1602 Isfahan
32°38′40.5″N51°40′02.9″E / 32.644583°N 51.667472°E / 32.644583; 51.667472 (Si-o-se-pol)
Isfahan [I 10]
[S 10]
[10]
Latidan.jpg Latidan Bridge  [ fa ]پل لاتیدان Masonry
Out of order
Kul River
1619 Nimeh Kar
27°11′39.2″N55°45′00.4″E / 27.194222°N 55.750111°E / 27.194222; 55.750111 (Latidan Bridge)
Hormozgan [I 11]
[S 11]
Iran - Isfahan - Khajoo Bridge.jpg Khaju Bridge پل خواجوNational monument ID 111
Built during the Safavid dynasty
132 m (433 ft) Masonry
21 arches (2 levels)
Dam bridge
Footbridge
Zayanderud
1650 Isfahan
32°38′12.6″N51°40′59.9″E / 32.636833°N 51.683306°E / 32.636833; 51.683306 (Khaju Bridge)
Isfahan [I 12]
[S 12]
[11]
Choobi.JPG Joubi Bridge پل جوییBuilt during the Safavid dynasty 147 m (482 ft) Masonry
21 arches
Footbridge
Zayanderud
1665 Isfahan
32°38′16.8″N51°40′38.8″E / 32.638000°N 51.677444°E / 32.638000; 51.677444 (Joubi Bridge)
Isfahan [I 13]
[S 13]
[12]
Mohammad Hassan Khan Bridge.jpg Mohammad Hassan Khan bridge پل محمدحسن‌خانNational monument ID 1414140 m (460 ft) Masonry
9 arches
18th century Babol
36°31′27.1″N52°39′50.5″E / 36.524194°N 52.664028°E / 36.524194; 52.664028 (Mohammad Hassan Khan Bridge)
Mazandaran [I 14]
[13]
[14]
Davazdah Cheshmeh Bridge Iran.jpg Davazdah Cheshmeh پل دوازده چشمهBuilt during the Safavid dynasty 130 m (430 ft) Masonry
12 arches
18th century Amol
36°28′17.5″N52°21′21.9″E / 36.471528°N 52.356083°E / 36.471528; 52.356083 (Davazdah Cheshmeh)
Mazandaran [S 14]
[13]
[14]
pl khshty lngrwd.jpg Adobe Bridge of Langarud  [ fa ]پل خشتی لنگرود37 m (121 ft) Masonry
2 arches
18th century Langarud
37°11′46.5″N50°09′04.4″E / 37.196250°N 50.151222°E / 37.196250; 50.151222 (Adobe Bridge of Langarud)
Gilan [15]
Bridge, Iran-1.jpg Maragha Bridge  [ fa ]پل مردقNational monument ID 7540
Built during the Safavid dynasty
26 m (85 ft) Masonry
3 arches
Maragheh
37°20′35.3″N46°24′13.0″E / 37.343139°N 46.403611°E / 37.343139; 46.403611 (Maragha Bridge)
East Azerbaijan [16]
Iran-Mazandaran-Svadkooh-Shapour Bridge (5592449149)2.jpg Shapoor Bridge پل شاپورBuilt during the Qajar dynasty Masonry
2 arches
Chaybagh
36°21′02.0″N52°51′35.7″E / 36.350556°N 52.859917°E / 36.350556; 52.859917 (Shapoor Bridge)
Mazandaran Province [13]
Pol myandoab.jpg Miandoab Bridge  [ fa ]پل میرزا رسولNational monument ID 2068
Built during the Qajar dynasty
52 m (171 ft) Masonry
5 arches
Out of order
Zarrineh River
Miandoab
36°57′24.2″N46°03′12.3″E / 36.956722°N 46.053417°E / 36.956722; 46.053417 (Miandoab Bridge)
West Azerbaijan
Black bridge of ahwaz by Adel Bazmeh.jpg Pol-e Siah پل سیاه اهوازNational monument ID 25991,050 m (3,440 ft) Beam
Steel
Railway bridge
Karun
1919 Ahvaz
31°19′57.8″N48°40′50.0″E / 31.332722°N 48.680556°E / 31.332722; 48.680556 (Pol-e Siah)
Khuzestan [S 15]
RAI 60-878 Veresk (cropped) 1.jpg Veresk Bridge پل ورسکNational monument ID 1534
Span : 66 m (217 ft)
Height : 110 m (360 ft)
273 m (896 ft) Masonry
1 main arch, 10 secondary arches
Trans-Iranian Railway
1936 Veresk
35°54′11.9″N52°59′26.7″E / 35.903306°N 52.990750°E / 35.903306; 52.990750 (Veresk Bridge)
Mazandaran [I 15]
[S 16]
Amol moalagh(Felezi) bridge.jpg Moalagh Bridge پل معلق آملNational monument ID 1524140 m (460 ft) Arch
Concrete tied-arch
1959 Amol
36°28′13.8″N52°21′21.6″E / 36.470500°N 52.356000°E / 36.470500; 52.356000 (Moalagh Bridge)
Mazandaran
1397071615042321215605304 pl m`lq mshgynshhr.jpg Meshginshahr suspension bridge پل معلق مشگین‌شهرSpan : 325 m (1,066 ft)
Height : 80 m (260 ft)
Suspension
Steel
Footbridge
Khiav River
2015 Meshginshahr
38°22′30.8″N47°41′02.2″E / 38.375222°N 47.683944°E / 38.375222; 47.683944 (Meshginshahr suspension bridge)
Ardabil [S 17]
[17]
pl Tby`t thrn.jpg Tabiat Bridge پل طبیعت270 m (890 ft) Truss
Steel
2014 Tehran
35°45′15.5″N51°21′13.6″E / 35.754306°N 51.353778°E / 35.754306; 51.353778 (Tabiat Bridge)
Tehran [S 18]

Major bridges

NamePersianSpanLengthTypeCarries
Crosses
OpenedLocationProvinceRef.
Persian Gulf Bridge
under construction
پل خلیج فارس360 m (1,180 ft) (x3)3,430 m (11,250 ft) Cable-stayed
Steel box girder deck, concrete pylons
(180+360+180)x3
Road-rail bridge
Clarence Strait
Bandar e Pol - Qeshm Island
26°57′44.9″N55°45′16.8″E / 26.962472°N 55.754667°E / 26.962472; 55.754667 (Persian Gulf Bridge)
Hormozgan [18]
New Dehdez - Ardal Rd2.jpg Karun 4 Arch Bridge پل قوسی کارون 4300 m (980 ft)378 m (1,240 ft) Arch
Steel deck arch
2015 Kabusi
31°38′28.9″N50°29′22.7″E / 31.641361°N 50.489639°E / 31.641361; 50.489639 (Karun 4 Arch Bridge)
Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari [19]
[20]
Sebalootak Bridge پل ترکه ای سه بلوطک260 m (850 ft)416 m (1,365 ft) Cable-stayed
Composite steel/concrete deck, concrete pylons
105+260+51
Road bridge
Karun
(reservoir of Karun-3 Dam)
Zaras
31°35′26.6″N50°16′31.1″E / 31.590722°N 50.275306°E / 31.590722; 50.275306 (Sebalootak Bridge)
Khuzestan [21]
pl lly2.jpg Lali Bridge پل لالی256 m (840 ft)460 m (1,510 ft) Cable-stayed
Composite steel/concrete deck, concrete pylons
Lali New Road
Karun
(reservoir of Upper Gotvand Dam)
2011 Lali
32°15′49.3″N49°04′40.9″E / 32.263694°N 49.078028°E / 32.263694; 49.078028 (Lali Bridge)
Khuzestan [S 19]
[22]
[23]
Karun 3 Dam Bridge (31895628206)2.jpg Karun 3 Dam Bridge سد کارون 3252 m (827 ft)336 m (1,102 ft) Arch
Steel deck arch
2005 Bajool
31°46′55.0″N50°07′07.1″E / 31.781944°N 50.118639°E / 31.781944; 50.118639 (Karun 3 Dam Bridge)
Khuzestan [24]
Pol havai - railway bridge Khoy.jpg Ghotour Bridge پل قطور223 m (732 ft)443 m (1,453 ft) Arch
Steel truss deck arch
1970 Khoy
38°28′40.8″N44°46′06.4″E / 38.478000°N 44.768444°E / 38.478000; 44.768444 (Ghotour Bridge)
West Azerbaijan [S 20]
Ahwaaaz (4)2.JPG Eighth Ahvaz Bridge پل هشتم212 m (696 ft)643 m (2,110 ft) Cable-stayed
Composite steel/concrete deck, concrete pylons
78+212+78
Road bridge
Karun
2011 Ahvaz
31°18′50.4″N48°40′18.4″E / 31.314000°N 48.671778°E / 31.314000; 48.671778 (Eighth Ahvaz Bridge)
Khuzestan [S 21]
[25]
Karun 4 Cable-stayed Bridge پل ترکه ای کارون 4210 m (690 ft)380 m (1,250 ft) Cable-stayed
Steel deck and pylons
46+80+210+43
Road bridge
Pipeline bridge
Karun
(reservoir of Karun-4 Dam)
2016 Morvari
31°44′49.0″N50°23′34.6″E / 31.746944°N 50.392944°E / 31.746944; 50.392944 (Karun 4 Cable-stayed Bridge)
Khuzestan [26]
Karun 3 Dam East Bridge سد کارون 3160 m (520 ft)213 m (699 ft) Arch
Steel deck arch
2005 Bajool
31°46′45.7″N50°07′19.4″E / 31.779361°N 50.122056°E / 31.779361; 50.122056 (Karun 3 Dam East Bridge)
Khuzestan [24]
Bahrami Bridge پل کابلی150 m (490 ft)675 m (2,215 ft) Cable-stayed
Composite steel/concrete deck, concrete pylons
72+150+72
Shushtar Bypass Road 39
Karun
2006 Shushtar
32°02′02.1″N48°49′19.7″E / 32.033917°N 48.822139°E / 32.033917; 48.822139 (Bahrami Bridge)
Khuzestan [S 22]
[27]
[28]
Ninth Ahvaz Bridge پل نهم اهواز150 m (490 ft) Box girder
Prestressed concrete
80+150+80
Road bridge
Karun
Ahvaz
31°21′49.0″N48°41′14.5″E / 31.363611°N 48.687361°E / 31.363611; 48.687361 (Ninth Ahvaz Bridge)
Khuzestan [29]
Mared Bridge پل مارد144 m (472 ft) Arch
Steel tied arch
Road bridge
Karun
2005 Khorramshahr
30°25′51.5″N48°10′36.1″E / 30.430972°N 48.176694°E / 30.430972; 48.176694 (Mared Bridge)
Khuzestan [30]
Seventh Ahvaz Bridge.jpg Seventh Ahvaz Bridge پل هفتم140 m (460 ft) (x2)490 m (1,610 ft) Box girder
Prestressed concrete
75+140+140+75
Road bridge
Karun
1998 Ahvaz
31°20′05.4″N48°41′16.0″E / 31.334833°N 48.687778°E / 31.334833; 48.687778 (Seventh Ahvaz Bridge)
Khuzestan [S 23]
[31]
pl m`lq.jpg White Bridge پل اهواز136 m (446 ft)501 m (1,644 ft) Arch
Steel through arch
136 and 130 m
Felestin Street - Taleghani
Karun
1936 Ahvaz
31°19′25.2″N48°40′36.3″E / 31.323667°N 48.676750°E / 31.323667; 48.676750 (White Bridge)
Khuzestan [S 24]
[32]
Ghaziyan Bridge پل غازیان125 m (410 ft)275 m (902 ft) Box girder
Prestressed concrete
50+125+75+25
Twin bridges
2005 Bandar-e Anzali
37°27′55.7″N49°28′05.5″E / 37.465472°N 49.468194°E / 37.465472; 49.468194 (Ghaziyan Bridge)
Gilan [33]
Gotvand Bridge پل گتوند125 m (410 ft)260 m (850 ft) Box girder
Prestressed concrete
67+125+67
Road bridge
Karun
2009 Gotvand
32°15′38.7″N48°50′00.7″E / 32.260750°N 48.833528°E / 32.260750; 48.833528 (Gotvand Bridge)
Khuzestan [34]
Sevom Khordad Bridge پل سوم خرداد120 m (390 ft)300 m (980 ft) Box girder
Prestressed concrete
30+30+60+120+60
Road bridge
Karun
2005 Darkhoveyn
30°44′14.6″N48°24′26.6″E / 30.737389°N 48.407389°E / 30.737389; 48.407389 (Sevom Khordad Bridge)
Khuzestan [35]
Karun 1 Dam Bridge پل کارون 1100 m (330 ft)190 m (620 ft) Box girder
Prestressed concrete
45+100+45
Road bridge
Karun
2005 Eslamabad
32°02′06.1″N49°36′34.7″E / 32.035028°N 49.609639°E / 32.035028; 49.609639 (Karun 1 Dam Bridge)
Khuzestan [36]
Second Shushtar Bridge پل دوم شوشتر100 m (330 ft) (x2)700 m (2,300 ft) Arch
Steel tied-arch
100+30+76+30+100
Road bridge
Karun
2011 Shushtar
32°02′57.7″N48°50′09.8″E / 32.049361°N 48.836056°E / 32.049361; 48.836056 (Second Shushtar Bridge)
Khuzestan [37]
Tale Zang Bridge پل راه آهن تله زنگ100 m (330 ft)215 m (705 ft) Box girder
Prestressed concrete
65+100+50
Dorud-Andimeshk railway
Dez River
2012 Tale Zang
32°49′31.5″N48°45′53.3″E / 32.825417°N 48.764806°E / 32.825417; 48.764806 (Tale Zang Bridge)
Khuzestan [38]
Lake Urmia 13970826 20.jpg Urmia Lake Bridge پل میان‌گذر دریاچه ارومیه100 m (330 ft)1,414 m (4,639 ft) Arch
Steel tied-arch
Urmia - Aq Gonbad
37°47′35.8″N45°22′27.7″E / 37.793278°N 45.374361°E / 37.793278; 45.374361 (Urmia Lake Bridge)
West Azerbaijan
East Azerbaijan
[39]

See also

Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap

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Seyyed Nematollah Jazayeri was a prominent Shia scholar born in 1640 and died in 1700, in one of the islands around Basra. He was one of the grandchildren of Musa al-Kadhim. His paternal lineage is as follows: Seyyed Ne'mat Allah son of Seyyed Abd Allah son of Mohammad son of Hossein son of Ahmad son of Mahmoud son of Ghias Aldin son of Majd Aldin son of Noor Aldin son of Saad Allah son of Issa son of Musa son of Abdallah son of Musa al-Kadhim.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests</span>

The 2018–2019 Iranian general strikesand protests were a series of strikes and protests that took place across Iran from early 2018 until mid-2019 against the country's economic situation, as well as the Iranian government, as part of the wider Iranian Democracy Movement.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2019 Iran floods</span> 2019 flash floods across Iran

From mid-March to April 2019 widespread flash flooding affected large parts of Iran, most severely in Golestan, Fars, Khuzestan, Lorestan, and other provinces. Iran has been hit by three major waves of rain and flooding over the course of two weeks which led to flooding in at least 26 of Iran's 31 provinces and at least 70 people died nationwide as of 6 April, according to the officials. The first wave of rain began on 17 March, leading to flooding in two northern provinces, Golestan and Mazandaran with the former province receiving as much as 70 percent of its average annual rainfall in single day. Several large dams have been overflowed, particularly in Khuzestan and Golestan, therefore many villages and several cities have been evacuated. About 1,900 cities and villages across country have been damaged by severe floods as well as hundreds of millions of dollars of damage to water and agriculture infrastructure. 78 roads were blocked and the reliability of 84 bridges was questioned.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Malan Bridge</span> Bridge in Herat, Afghanistan

Malan Bridge, also called Pul-i-Malan, is a two-lane arched bridge over the Hari River, connecting Injil District with Guzara District, both in Afghanistan. It was built around 1110 AD. The bridge is located 12 km (7.5 mi) south of Herat's old city and downstream or west from Pul-i Pushtu. It is currently made up of 22 arches and has survived several floods that have washed away other bridges crossing the Hari. It is 230 m (750 ft) long, 8 m (26 ft) wide, and 10 m (33 ft) high.

References

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  2. "Shushtar". livius.org.
  3. "Pul-i Qadim (Dizful), Dizful, Iran". archnet.org.
  4. "Pol-e Dokhtar". livius.org.
  5. "Kavar bridge". livius.org.
  6. 1 2 "Iran's Six Lesser-Known Historical Bridges". financialtribune.com. February 2015.
  7. Prade, Marcel Le pont de la Jeune-Fille (Dokhtaré-Pol), sur le Kisi-Lou, p.203
  8. "پل دختر ميانه". tabriz.ir - Tabriz Municipality (in Persian).
  9. "Pul-i Shahristan, Isfahan, Iran". archnet.org.
  10. "Pul-i Allahvardi Khan, Isfahan, Iran". archnet.org.
  11. "Pul-i Khwaju, Isfahan, Iran". archnet.org.
  12. "Pul-i Jui, Isfahan, Iran". archnet.org.
  13. 1 2 3 Structural Identification of Bridges(Case Study: Mazandaran, Iran)
  14. 1 2 "Mazandaran - Historical Monuments". chnpress.com. Archived from the original on 2012-02-23.
  15. "آشنایی با پل خشتی لنگرود - گیلان". hamshahrionline.ir (in Persian).
  16. "Maragheh Mardaq-Chay Bridge, Memorial of Safavid Era". mehrnews.com. Archived from the original on 2005-04-25.
  17. "Mideast's tallest suspension bridge inaugurated in Meshkinshahr". iran-daily.com.
  18. "The Project for Community-Based Sustainable Development Master Plan Of Qeshm Island Toward "Eco-Island" in the Islamic Republic of Iran" (PDF). Qeshm Free Zone Organization - Japan International Cooperation Agency. January 2019.
  19. "Arched bridge Karun IV". hexa.ir.
  20. "Iran's Longest Arch Bridge Opens". financialtribune.com.
  21. "Sebalootak Cable-Stayed Bridge". hexa.ir.
  22. "Lali Bridge". hexa.ir.
  23. "Lali Bridge - Lali, Iran". nck.ca.
  24. 1 2 "Karun III Bridge". hexa.ir.
  25. "8th Ahwaz Bridge". hexa.ir.
  26. "Karun IV Cable-Stayed Bridge". hexa.ir.
  27. "Inauguration sur la Karun" (PDF) (in French). Freyssinet. 2006. p. 5. ISSN   1761-8029.
  28. "پايه هاي برق فشار متوسط از محدوده پل كابلي100 متر به عقب رانده شدند". Shushtarnews.ir (in Persian). Archived from the original on 2012-11-30.
  29. "9th Ahwaz Bridge". hexa.ir.
  30. "Mared Bridge". hexa.ir.
  31. "7th Ahwaz Bridge". hexa.ir.
  32. "پل معلق (پل سفید) اهواز". degar.ir (in Persian).
  33. "Ghaziyan Bridge". hexa.ir.
  34. "Goutvand Bridge". hexa.ir.
  35. "Sevom Khordad Bridge (Darquain)". hexa.ir.
  36. "Karun I Bridge". hexa.ir.
  37. "2nd Bridge of Shooshtar". hexa.ir.
  38. "Tale Zang Bridge". hexa.ir.
  39. "Oromieh Lake Bridge, Iran" (PDF). aaj.no. Aas-Jakobsen civil engineering consulting, Oslo. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04.

Further reading