List of school shootings in the United States (before 2000)

This chronological list of school shootings in the United States before the year 2000 includes any school shootings that occurred at a K-12 public or private school, as well as at colleges and universities, and on school buses. Excluded from this list are the following:

1. Incidents that occurred during wars
2. Incidents that occurred as a result of police actions
3. Murder-suicides by rejected suitors or estranged spouses
4. Suicides or suicide attempts involving only one person.

Shooting by school staff, where the only victims are other employees, are covered at workplace killings. This list does not include the 1970 Kent State shootings, or bombings such as the Bath School disaster.

19th century

1840s

1 incident.

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Total	Description
1840
November 12, 1840	Charlottesville, Virginia	1	0	1	John Anthony Gardner Davis, a law professor at the University of Virginia, was shot by student Joseph Semmes and died three days later. [1] [2]

1850s

3 incidents.

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Total	Description
1853
November 2, 1853	Louisville, Kentucky	1	0	1	Murder of William Butler: Student Mathews Flounoy Ward shot the schoolmaster William H.G. Butler as revenge for what he perceived as an unfair punishment of his brother the day before. Butler died, and Ward was acquitted. [3]
1856
August 16, 1856	Florence, Alabama	2	0	2	The schoolmaster warned students not to harm his tame sparrow, threatening death. One of the boys stepped on the bird and killed it. When the boy returned to school, the master took the boy into a private room and strangled him. The boy's father upon hearing what had happened went to the school and shot the schoolmaster dead. [4]
1858
July 8, 1858	Baltimore, Maryland	1	0	1	The 15-year-old son of Col. John T. Farlow (Baltimore's Marshal of Police 1867–70), was killed during a Sabbath School gathering. The perpetrator escaped, but several arrests were made. [5]

1860s

5 incidents.

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Total	Description
1860
January 21, 1860	Todd County, Kentucky	1	0	1	A son of Col. Elijah Sebree was killed by another student. He had been led to believe that Young Sebree was threatening him; the latter student got a gun and fatally shot Sebree in the schoolhouse. [6]
1864
February 6, 1864	Ashland County, Ohio	1	0	1	George W. Longfelt (or George W. Langfitt), the school teacher of the Pyfer's School House, killed student Alfred Desem (or Albert Diesem) and fled. [7] [8]
1867
February 16, 1867	Knights Ferry, California	2 [n 1]	0	2	Mr. McGinnis was killed by his daughter's teacher George T. Cheshire after McGinnis threatened the teacher for expelling his daughter from school. When McGinnis' son learned of this, he went to the school and killed the teacher. [9]
April 2, 1867	Madison, Florida	1	0	1	Frank Pope, a pupil at St. John's seminary, shot and killed his teacher Mr. Bristow. [10]
June 4, 1867	Buffalo, New York	0	1	1	13-year-old Arthur Day secretly took a loaded pistol to PS No. 18 to shoot a dog he said had bitten him. While playing with the pistol, Day accidentally shot and wounded classmate Robert Morton. [11]

1870s

7 incidents.

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Total	Description
1871
January 27, 1871	Knoxville, Tennessee	1	0	1	John Roberts, aged 10 or 12, was accidentally shot in the eye at school and died. [12]
1872
February 1, 1872	Washington, Pennsylvania	0	1	1	At the all-girls Union School, 17-year-old Thomas McGiffin shot and seriously wounded the principal, Prof. Wilson, in the hip because Wilson refused to deliver a note to one of the girls. McGiffin was a son of Col. Norton McGiffin, and brother of US naval hero Philo McGiffin. [13]
1873
February 11, 1873	Wisconsin	0	1	1	A man shot the school mistress for whipping his son. [14] [ unreliable source? ]
1874
February 20, 1874	Agency, Montana	1	0	1	After being ejected from school for disobedience, 20-year-old Thomas Squires fatally shot Prof. Hayes three times in the abdomen. [15]
April 9, 1874	Lebanon, Tennessee	1	0	1	John Robert Breckinridge, son of the late Robert Jefferson Breckinridge, attending classes in law at Cumberland University in Lebanon, Tennessee, was killed by John L. Anderson, the Mayor's son. The latter was reportedly "crazed with liquor." [16] [17]
1878
May 24, 1878	St. Paul, Minnesota	0	1	1	A 13-year-old boy, Luckert, accidentally shot and wounded Allie McDonald, another boy at the Neill school. The youth was expected to recover. His mother Mrs. McDonald went to the police station, but did not file a formal complaint. [18]
1879
May 24, 1879	Lancaster, New York	0	1	1	Telegraph operator Frank Shugart shot and severely injured Mr. Carr, superintendent of the stables at a girls' school. [19]

1880s

10 incidents.

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Total	Description
1881
December 1, 1881	Santa Monica, California	1	0	1	While working late at the schoolhouse on a program for the children's concert, Mr. O'Donnell, the school master, and Mr. Williams, one of the parents, got into an argument. Williams fatally shot O'Donnell in the back. [20]
December 22, 1881	Shelby County, Indiana	0	0	0	School teacher Charles J. Gregory shot at a pupil at close range because he refused to write on a slate. The bullet missed the boy. The teacher was arrested. [21]
1882
January 16, 1882	Iola, Kansas	0	0	0	A group of boys shot into a schoolhouse, but no one was hurt. Two of the boys were arrested and pleaded guilty three weeks later. They were fined $9.00 each. [22]
April 13, 1882	Huntsville, Texas	0	1	1	G.W. Gray, a student at the Sam Houston Normal School, shot and wounded another student, M.J. Jordan. They were arguing over a comic valentine. [23]
1883
February 14, 1883	Florence, Nebraska	0	3	3	As some children were playing and throwing snowballs outside the Ponca Creek schoolhouse, Lem Harbaugh and the Shipley brothers, three young men, pulled up in a wagon and engaged the children in a snowball fight. One of the Shipley brothers had a .45-caliber needle gun. As the children kept throwing snowballs, Harbaugh aimed the gun at them. The lock was faulty and the gun went off; he wounded Mamie Shipley, Joy Price, and Marquis Price. Harbaugh later surrendered himself to the authorities. [24]
November 20, 1883	Barber County, Kansas	0	0	0	A bunch of drunken cowboys stopped at several schoolhouses, forcing two teachers to drink whiskey, and firing numerous shots at three schoolhouses. [25]
1884
February 28, 1884	Danville, Virginia	0	2	2	As Allen Wamack, a 15-year-old boy, drove by an all black schoolhouse, he called out "school butter" (an insult meaning a cobbing, or a whipping). [26] The students came out and fired several shots at him; he shot back, hitting two students. [27]
March 6, 1884	Charlestown, Massachusetts	0	0	0	As news of outlaw Jesse James reached the East Coast, young boys started to imitate him. For instance, boys shot at police investigating their activities at the Concord Street schoolhouse. [28]
1887
June 12, 1887	Cleveland, Tennessee	1	0	1	Will Guess shot and killed teacher Miss Irene Fann, for whipping his little sister the day before. [29]
1889
June 13, 1889	New Brunswick, New Jersey	0	0	0	Charles Crawford, upset over an argument with a school trustee, went up to the window and fired a pistol into a crowded schoolroom. The bullet lodged in the wall just above the teacher's head. [30]

1890s

6 incidents.

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Total	Description
1890
April 24, 1890	Brazil, Indiana	0	1	1	While the pupils of the Meridian Street School were at play, student Ben Corbery drew a revolver and seriously wounded 10-year-old Cora Brubach in the face. Cora had told the teacher about Ben's misconduct. [31]
December 27, 1890	Staunton, Virginia	1	0	1	At Kable's Military Academy, 15-year-old A.H. Hathaway of Denison, Texas, was accidentally shot and killed by his 17-year-old classmate James Whitworth of Sulphur Springs, Texas, while they were playing with an old pistol. [32]
1891
March 30, 1891	Liberty, Mississippi	0	14	14	During a school exhibition and concert at the Parson Hill schoolhouse, an unknown gunman fired a double-barreled shotgun into the mixed audience, made up of black and white students, parents and teachers. 14 people were wounded, some seriously. [33]
April 9, 1891	Newburgh, New York	0	2+	2+	70-year-old James Foster fired a shotgun at a group of students in the playground of St. Mary's Parochial School, causing minor injuries to several of the students. [34]
1893
March 26, 1893	Plain Dealing, Louisiana	4	1	5	During an evening school dance at Plain Dealing High School, a fight broke out. Two students were shot and killed immediately, two more were fatally wounded, and the high school's Professor Johnson was wounded in the arm. [35]
1898
December 13, 1898	Charleston, West Virginia	6	3+	9+	During the school exhibition, a group of young men tried to break up a student performance. When teacher Mr. Fisher tried to throw them out, they turned on him. Audience members joined the fray. Harry Flasher was shot and instantly killed, Henry Carney was fatally shot in the back, Ralph Jones and two others were also fatally shot, and George Gibson was shot in the hand; Haz Harding had his skull crushed, and several others received minor wounds. [36]

Total incidents listed here in this section (19th century):32

20th century

1900s

13 incidents.

• 1903
• 1904
• 1905
• 1907
• 1908
• 1909

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Total	Description
1903
February 24, 1903	Inman, South Carolina	1	0	1	Edward Foster, a 17-year-old student at Inman High School, was fatally wounded by his teacher Reuben Pitts after jerking a rod from Pitts' hands to avoid punishment. According to the teacher, Foster struck the pistol Pitts had drawn, and caused it to fire. Pitts was acquitted of murder on grounds of self-defense. [37]
July 21, 1903	Jackson, Kentucky	2 [n 2]	1	3	At the Cave Run School, James Barrett and Mack Howard argued over a card game and fought a duel with pistols, killing each other. Twelve-year-old student James Vires was shot in the abdomen while sitting at his desk during the gunfight. [38]
1904
April 6, 1904	Chicago, Illinois	1	0	1	Two students had been fighting for months over a girl. Henry Schaze threw 16-year-old Paul Jelick to the ground, drew a revolver, and killed his rival. [39]
November 16, 1904	Riverside, California	2	1	3	At the Indian School, a gun fight broke out between pupils. Charles Colby was shot in the head with a pistol, then returned fire, killing Tom Bucanoros, and fatally wounding Fred Smith. [40]
December 16, 1904	Magee, Mississippi	1	1	2	Parent E.E. Mangum was shot through the head and killed by the principal of the high school, Professor J. E. Woodward, after shooting the principal in the hand. Mangum had argued with Woodward, who had given Mangum's 15-year-old son a severe whipping. [41]
1905
February 9, 1905	Colusa, California	0	1	1	The meeting of 17-year-old Elmer Hildreth with a school Trustee ended in an armed encounter over Hildreth's being suspended. When Mr. Ingrim went after Hildreth with an axe, Hildreth shot him in the stomach. Hildreth was arrested and was found to have acted in self-defense; no charges were filed. Ingrim survived. [42]
October 5, 1905	Hickman, Kentucky	1	0	1	Parent George Nicholson killed John Kurd at a schoolhouse during a school rehearsal. Kurd had made a disparaging remark about Nicholson's daughter during her recital. [43]
1907
December 20, 1907	Chico, California	1	0	1	Nine-year-old Arthur Roberts was shot in the head and killed outside his school during a military drill by school children of the Dayton school district. Armed with old guns believed to be empty, the children had pulled the triggers. [44]
1908
January 10, 1908	Council Bluffs, Iowa	0	0	0	At around 6 a.m., as George O Mortensen, 35-year-old janitor of the Washington Street School building, was unlocking the outer door of the school. Someone discharged a shotgun from a few feet away. The shot riddled the door within a foot of his head. [45]
March 11, 1908	Fenway–Kenmore, Massachusetts	2 [n 3]	0	2	39-year-old teacher Miss Sarah Chamberlain Weed killed 34-year-old teacher Elizabeth Bailey Hardee, then shot herself, at the Laurens School, a fashionable boarding school. Weed was said to be suffering from melancholia (depression). [46]
1909
March 19, 1909	Mount Vernon, Illinois	0	1	1	During a school performance of The Grand Central, John Moake, portraying the villain, was shot in the forehead and dangerously wounded by the hero, Roy Slater. The cartridge was thought to have been blank. [47]
June 10, 1909	Trinidad, Colorado	1	0	1	Walter Harris, an 11-year-old student, accidentally shot his teacher, B. C. Briggs, in the head while on a school field trip, killing him. [48]
September 11, 1909	White Rock Township, Missouri	1	0	1	John Butram, a student at the Bear Hollow School, told his fellow students that school was cancelled. The teacher, A. T. Kelly, said it was not. When Butram drew a knife on his teacher, Kelly shot and killed him. [49]

1910s

19 incidents.

• 1910
• 1911
• 1912
• 1914
• 1915
• 1916
• 1917
• 1918
• 1919

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Total	Description
1910
January 12, 1910	Harlem, New York	1	1	2	"A black-bearded maniac drew an automatic pistol" and fired five shots into a crowd of boys at the Harlem School, who were taunting him. Six-year-old Robert Lomas was hit and died instantly; six-year-old Arthur Shively was critically wounded. [50]
August 16, 1910	Lexington, Kentucky	1	2+	3+	A general fight broke out during school board elections. Lewis Napier was shot and killed, and several other people were hurt. Several men were arrested. [51]
1911
April 27, 1911	Manhattan, Kansas	0	1	1	During a school play rehearsal, a boy loaded his revolver, unknown to others. Pearl Reedy, an 18-year-old student who was to use the gun in the play, said she was afraid to handle it. The teacher, Sister Rose, said that the gun was not operational. She pointed it at the ground and squeezed the trigger. The bullet ricocheted and wounded Reedy in the shoulder. [52]
1912
January 31, 1912	San Francisco, California	1	0	1	During a stone throwing confrontation near the Oriental School on Clay Street, a group of white boys became trapped between two groups of Chinese boys. Jose Aguilar fired a BB shot air rifle twice to frighten the Chinese. Wong She, age 10, had a gun and fired back. One bullet passed through Aguilar's coat sleeve and fatally struck 14-year-old James Kane in the school's rear yard. [53] [54]
February 16, 1912	Lagrange, New York	1	0	1	14-year-old May McQuade was killed by classmate Raymond B. Carroll. Carroll said the shooting was accidental, as he did not think the gun was loaded. [55]
1914
November 19, 1914	Sayre, Pennsylvania	1	0	1	While walking to school, 14-year-old Charles Listman killed 15-year-old Andrew Milton over rivalry for classmate 13-year-old Minnie London. [56]
December 1, 1914	Camden, New Jersey	0	0	0	15-year-old W.J. Vanardle opened fire in a classroom, causing no casualties. He was disarmed by a janitor. [57]
1915
January 13, 1915	Vancouver, Washington	0	1	1	During a parent-teachers' meeting, 15-year-old student Murlan Decker was accidentally shot by his younger brother, Luther. [58]
February 3, 1915	Jasper, Florida	1	1	2	20-year-old Will Yates, teacher of Clear Pond School in Hamilton County, Florida, was shot and killed in a fight with Claude Holtzendorff and his two sons. The Holtzendorffs objected to one of the boys being whipped at school. When they showed up, Yates had armed himself. He shot the father through the mouth, and was fatally shot through the body, dying an hour later. [59]
1916
September 20, 1916	Bemidji, Minnesota	0	1	1	Olga Dahl, the 19-year-old teacher at the Round Lake District School, was found tied to a tree near the school, assaulted, and shot twice in the face. She had been working late after school, when a man with a revolver entered the schoolhouse and ordered her to obey him. He raped and shot her; she was expected to live. A group of men in Itasca County, Minnesota joined in hunting the assailant. [60] [61]
December 26, 1916	Danville, Kentucky	1	2+	3+	During the Christmas tree celebration at the Harris Creek School, a fight broke out in the room packed with children and visitors. William Benedict Sr. was instantly killed, William Benedict Jr. was shot in the ankle, Bourdon Galloway was shot in the right arm, and Mike Gaddis was shot in the leg. Many others were injured. Thomas Thornton had been drinking and objected to Benedict telling him to calm down. Thornton's brother George left the room and returned with a revolver. [62]
1917
June 5, 1917	Harrisburg, Pennsylvania	0	1	1	Sixteen-year-old freshman Earl Wolf was accidentally shot in the leg with a revolver about noon, in the company of classmates at Central High School. [63]
October 28, 1917	Chicago, Illinois	1	0	1	Brothers 16-year-old William and 15-year-old Ralph Carter broke into the May Public School, robbing the phone boxes and teachers' desks. When they were discovered by janitor Howard Parks and policeman Thomas Conway, the latter shot at them. William was critically wounded and not expected to live; Ralph Carter was taken to jail. [64]
November 29, 1917	Manes, Missouri	0	1	1	At the Perkins School's Thanksgiving night pie supper, 21-year-old teacher Joe Todd, was mysteriously shot. He was expected to recover. [65]
1918
March 29, 1918	Jefferson City, Missouri	1	0	1	At the Lincoln Institute, State Negro Normal School, 31-year-old Professor Romeo West, was killed in the dormitory by superintendent of school Theodore Martin. They were arguing about dishes to use at a social. Martin said he shot in self-defense, fatally hitting West with three of five shots. [66]
April 6, 1918	Reeder, North Dakota	1	0	1	During the afternoon recess, a boy was looking over a 22-caliber rifle; it discharged, striking the head of the Coyne boy in the seat to the front, killing him instantly. [67]
1919
January 9, 1919	Philadelphia, Missouri	0	0	0	While school was in session, Hugh Claggett shot through the schoolhouse's front door, while on his way home from work. No one was hurt, and he was fined $20. [68]
April 12, 1919	Ogden City, Utah	0	1	1	During a high school assembly, six boys shot off their guns. Permission had been given in the belief the guns were loaded with blanks, but they had live shot. Teacher Verna Davidson was shot in the foot. [69]
August 4, 1919	Berkeley, California	0	2	2	Roger Sprague, an assistant in the department of chemistry at the University of California, despondent over his inability to obtain a position, shot and wounded 59-year-old Professor Edmond O'Neill, head of department, and 37-year-old Dr. Joel Henry Hildebrand, professor of chemistry, in the offices of Gilman Hall. He went to California Hall and shot at 57-year-old May L. Cheney, appointment secretary, but hit only one of her hair combs before he was subdued. [70]

1920s

10 incidents.

• 1920
• 1922
• 1926

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Total	Description
1920
February 14, 1920	Durant, Oklahoma	0	1	1	At the Durant Normal School, teacher Albert McFarland, was seriously wounded by one of his pupils. [71]
March 4, 1920	Cincinnati, Ohio	0	1	1	14-year-old student Lawrence Angel shot his teacher, Beatrice Conner, through the arm for sending him to the principal's office. [72]
May 1, 1920	Summerville, Georgia	0	0	0	At the High School, 15-year-old student Alexander Potter fired six shots at his teacher, Prof. Ransom, but missed. Potter was upset over having been whipped and expelled. He was sentenced to six years at a reform school. [73]
May 15, 1920	Bowling Green, Ohio	1	0	1	While attending her son's school track meet, Mrs. F. Mahl was killed accidentally by a shot from the starter's pistol. [74]
August 1, 1920	Ogden, Utah	0	1	1	Mike Smults, the night watchman at the Utah school for the Deaf and Blind, shot a 10-year-old boy, Dennis McDonald, as he and his brother Clinton cut through the campus. The watchman said he fired into the air as a warning. [75]
October 22, 1920	Chicago, Illinois	0	1	1	Mrs. Carmila Rindoni went to the school and twice shot Rosalind I. Reynolds, her son's teacher, for spanking her son the day before. Mrs. Rindoni was arrested; Miss Reynolds was expected to recover. [76]
November 4, 1920	Middlesboro, Kentucky	1	0	1	Prof. Barnes of Middlesboro High School was fatally shot by Adolphus Oaks for whipping Oaks' sister the week before. Barnes had submitted his resignation to the school board, as students had boycotted his class in protest over the whipping. He intended to leave the city that weekend. Oaks went to jail. [77]
1922
February 17, 1922	Valdosta, Georgia	2	0	2	John Glover broke into the schoolhouse, where he killed a girl and fatally wounded a boy. A mob tracked and killed Glover 7 miles (11 km) in Indianola (now Naylor, Georgia). [78]
August 1, 1922	Ardmore, Oklahoma	1	0	1	Bryant Hignight and four other students were at the outhouse of the Mount Zion school. Hignight fired two shots. One instantly killed Raymond Guinn. When questioned, the other three boys said it was an accident. [79]
1926
December 29, 1926	Gettysburg, Pennsylvania	0	1	1	12-year-old Frederick Heilman was shot through the right instep when Gettysburg College janitor Joseph Carver fired toward a group of boys trying to force their way into the college gymnasium. Carver had shot into the ground, and did not realize a bullet had ricocheted. Heilman's father did not press charges. [80]

1930s

7 incidents.

• 1930
• 1931
• 1934
• 1936
• 1937
• 1938

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Total	Description
1930
May 22, 1930	Ringe, Minnesota	1	0	1	24-year-old Douglas Petersen, killed 20-year-old teacher, Margaret Wegman, who was standing in the doorway of a rural schoolhouse. [81]
1931
May 28, 1931	Duluth, Minnesota	1	0	1	Katherine McMillen, 24-year-old teacher at the Howard Gensen rural school near Duluth, was accidentally killed by a pupil who brought a revolver to school. [82]
1934
September 14, 1934	Gill, Massachusetts	1	0	1	Headmaster Elliott Speer was murdered by a shotgun blast through the window at Northfield Mount Hermon School. The crime was never solved. [83]
1936
June 4, 1936	Bethlehem, Pennsylvania	2 [n 3]	0	2	Wesley Clow killed his Lehigh University English instructor, C. Wesley Phy, for giving him a failing grade. Clow committed suicide after shooting Phy. [84]
1937
June 4, 1937	Isabel, Kansas	1	0	1	16-year-old Robert Douthitt was accidentally killed backstage during high school play practice. The revolver was to have been loaded with blanks, but it held live ammunition. [85]
September 24, 1937	Toledo, Ohio	0	2 [n 3]	2	12-year-old Robert Snyder wounded his principal, June Mapes, in her office at Arlington Public School when she declined his request to call a classmate. He fled the grounds and wounded himself. [86]
1938
January 24, 1938	Blencoe, Iowa	1	0	1	17-year-old Edward Marley was accidentally killed by a fellow actor with a loaded gun while rehearsing for a play at Blencoe High School. [87]

1940s

8 incidents.

• 1940
• 1942
• 1946
• 1948
• 1949

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Total	Description
1940
May 6, 1940	South Pasadena, California	5	2 [n 3]	7	Verlin Spencer, the 38-year-old principal of South Pasadena Junior High School, killed five of his colleagues and left another seriously injured in shootings at two locations. Spencer had a long history of clashes with faculty and staff and was forced to serve a three-week involuntary leave of absence the year prior. When cornered by police, he shot himself in a suicide attempt but survived and was sentenced to five consecutive life sentences. Three years later, Spencer learned that the blood sample taken after his arrest was found to have high levels of bromide, a popular painkiller he took for headaches. While the amount was high enough to render him legally insane at the time of the shooting, he did not receive a retrial but was released from prison in 1970. [88] [89] [90]
July 4, 1940	Valhalla, New York	1	0	1	Angered by the refusal of his daughter, 15-year-old Melba, to leave a boarding school and return home, 47-year-old Joseph Moshell went to the school and shot and killed his daughter. [91] Moshell was sentenced to death for the murder; the governor of New York later commuted his sentence to life in prison. [92]
1942
October 2, 1942	Williamsburg, New York	1	0	1	Irwin Goodman, 36-year-old mathematics teacher at William J. Gaynor Junior High School, was shot and killed in the school corridor by two boys. [93]
1946
June 26, 1946	Williamsburg, New York	0	1	1	A 15-year-old student was shot in the chest at the PS 147 annex of Brooklyn Automotive Trades High School after refusing to give money to a gang of seven youths. [94]
1948
December 23, 1948	Ramapo, New York	1	0	1	A 14-year-old student was fatally wounded in the head by a shot from fellow student, 17-year-old Robert Ross, when he happened to be into range where Ross was target shooting near a lake at the school, and was caught in the crossfire. [95]
1949
March 11, 1949	East Village, New York	0	1	1	A 16-year-old student at Stuyvesant High School was accidentally shot in the arm by a fellow student who was "showing off" with a pistol in a classroom. [96]
November 12, 1949	Columbus, Ohio	1	0	1	Ohio State University freshman James Heer took a .45-caliber handgun from the room of a Delta Tau Delta fraternity brother and killed 21-year-old Jack McKeown, a senior and fraternity brother. [97] Heer was sentenced to life in prison for the crime. [98]
November 18, 1949	Bronzeville, Illinois	1	0	1	16-year-old LaVon Cain of DuSable High School was shot to death at the school after a group of female students began shooting at another group of female students. The shooting was over domestic disputes that had occurred days prior. Edwina Howard, aged 19, and two other teenage girls were charged in the shooting. [99] The shooting was noted as one of the first fatal shootings in a Chicago public school. [100]

1950s

32 incidents.

• 1950
• 1951
• 1952
• 1953
• 1954
• 1955
• 1956
• 1957
• 1958
• 1959

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Total	Description
1950
January 31, 1950	Evanston, Illinois	0	1	1	A 13-year-old boy shot his classmate, 13-year-old Nancy Penfield, in the neck with a pistol at Skokie High School. [101]
March 16, 1950	Los Angeles, California	0	0	0	Five young gangsters fired three shots at members of a rival gang once classes were dismissed at Roosevelt High School. [102]
March 20, 1950	Antlers, Oklahoma	0	1	1	A 12-year-old boy shot 15-year-old Byron Baker in the abdomen on the grounds of Antlers High School as revenge for a fight they had the previous day. [103]
July 22, 1950	New York City, New York	0	1	1	A 16-year-old boy was shot in the wrist and abdomen at the PS 141 dance during an argument with a former classmate. [104]
October 8, 1950	New Orleans, Louisiana	0	6	6	Two unidentified suspected gangsters opened fire on each other from opposite ends of a balcony at Book T. Washington High School while a jazz band was playing. Six bystanders were slightly injured, and the gunmen fled the scene. [105]
1951
January 24, 1951	Alton, Illinois	1	0	1	61-year-old Henry Suhre, quartermaster at Western Military Academy, was killed in the cadet store on campus. [106]
March 12, 1951	Union Mills, North Carolina	2	0	2	Professor W.E. Sweatt, superintendent and teacher at the Alexander School, was killed by 16-year-old Billy Ray Powell and 19-year-old Hugh Justice, students whom he had reprimanded. The boys fled and also shot Wade Johnson, 15, for reporting their rule infraction to Sweatt. [107]
November 27, 1951	St. Louis, Missouri	1	0	1	15-year-old student David Brooks was fatally shot in front of other pupils. Two former students were sought by police. [108]
1952
April 8, 1952	Rabun Gap, Georgia	1	0	1	A 15-year-old boarding school student shot a dean rather than give up his pin-up pictures of girls in bathing suits. [109]
July 14, 1952	Morningside Heights, New York	1	0	1	Bayard Peakes shot and killed secretary Eileen Fahey at the American Physical Society (APS) office at Columbia University, where he was reportedly upset that the APS had rejected a paper of his. [110] Peakes was deemed insane by a judge; he was held at an asylum for the criminally insane until his death in 2000. [111]
December 12, 1952	Old Norwood Park, Illinois	0	0	0	16-year-old Lawrence Karr and 17-year-old James Bergan broke into Taft High School, stole two ROTC carbines and ammunition, and vandalized the school with the guns. Both were convicted of burglary and sentenced to one to two years in prison. [112]
1953
January 31, 1953	Kalispell, Montana	0	1	1	61-year-old Special Deputy Vernon Graves was accidentally shot in the face with a shotgun at the Fairview school. [113]
May 19, 1953	Miami, Florida	0	1	1	29-year-old Paul Singer, a teacher, was teaching firearm safety to his students at Edison Junior High School when his pistol slipped from its holster and discharged when it struck the floor. The bullet hit Singer in the lower abdomen, severely wounding him. [114]
October 2, 1953	Brighton Park, Illinois	1	0	1	14-year-old Bernice Turner killed 14-year-old Pasquale Coletta inside the science classroom at Kelly High School. The shooting was later ruled to be accidental. [115]
1954
March 31, 1954	Newton, Massachusetts	1	0	1	14-year-old John Frankenberger was accidentally killed in a classroom at Day Junior High School when a pistol held by a classmate discharged. [116]
May 15, 1954	Chapel Hill, North Carolina	1	2	3	Putnam Davis Jr. was killed during a fraternity house carnival at the Phi Delta Theta house at the University of North Carolina. William Joyner and Allen Long were wounded during the exchange of gunfire in their room. The incident followed an all-night beer party. Long told police that Davis pulled out a gun and started shooting while the three were drinking beer at 7 a.m. [117]
1955
January 11, 1955	Swarthmore, Pennsylvania	1	0	1	After some of his dormmates urinated on his mattress during a hazing, Robert B. Bechtel, a 22-year-old student proctor at Swarthmore College, returned to his Wharton Hall dorm with a shotgun and killed fellow student 19-year-old Francis Holmes Strozier. [118] Betchtel was acquitted of murder by reason of insanity and spent five years in a psychiatric hospital. [119]
January 26, 1955	Charlotte, North Carolina	0	1	1	15-year-old Kenneth Ray Griffin was showing his stepfather's pistol to his friends in the restroom of A. J. Junior High School when he accidentally fired it, striking 14-year-old Jack Plummer in the left side. [120]
1956
March 5, 1956	Edmore, Michigan	0	1	1	14-year-old Peter Ray Forger shot and wounded 15-year-old William Shurlow after a disagreement at Edmore High School. Forger was charged with assault with attempt to murder. [121]
March 13/21, 1956	Lakeland, Florida	1	1	2	24-year-old Clarke Gavin Jr. shot one student of Florida Southern College in the foot and fired at a second student because his wife had been having an affair with them. As punishment, he was expelled from the school. Gavin later killed his friend, 23-year-old Anthony McBride, at McBride's apartment. Gavin was later acquitted by reason of insanity and sent to a mental hospital. [122]
April 5, 1956	Salisbury, Maryland	0	0	0	Three drunk Navy veterans fired shots into the windows of the Wicomico Senior High School's gymnasium and a parked car at night. [123]
May 4, 1956	Seat Pleasant, Maryland	1	2	3	15-year-old student Billy Ray Prevatte fatally shot 32-year-old teacher Frazer Cameron and injured 25-year-old athletic coach Francis Daniel Wagner and 31-year-old teacher Robert Hicks at Maryland Park Junior High School. He left after waiting outside the principal's office for a reprimand due to failing to turn in a written physical education assignment; he returned with a rifle, shooting the three staff members. [124] Prevatte was sentenced to 30 years in prison and was released in 1988. [125]
May 7, 1956	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	0	2 [n 2]	2	Burlie Lord and James Pollard, both 17, shot each other in the basement of Overbrook High School due to a gang feud. [126]
October 20, 1956	Manhattan Valley, New York	0	1	1	A Booker T. Washington Junior High School student was shot and wounded in the forearm by another student armed with a homemade weapon. [127]
1957
February 16, 1957	Lolo, Montana	0	1	1	A 16-year-old boy was shooting at a target in the snow at his home. The bullet went through the snow and hit Manley Brown, a student in the schoolyard of a school a quarter mile away from where the bullet was fired. [128]
October 2, 1957	New York City, New York	0	1	1	A 16-year-old student was shot in the leg by a 15-year-old classmate at a city high school. [129]
1958
March 4, 1958	Park Slope, New York	0	1	1	A 17-year-old student shot the future major league baseball player Joe Pepitone (who was also 17 years old at the time) through his stomach at the Manual Training High School. [130] [131]
May 1, 1958	Massapequa, New York	1	0	1	A 15-year-old Massapequa High School freshman was killed by a classmate in a washroom. [132]
September 5, 1958	Dallas, Texas	0	1	1	A student was shot and severely injured while attending a Latin class in Booker T. Washington High School. [133]
September 11, 1958	Dallas, Texas	0	0	1	Two students of Lincoln High School were having a shootout in the hallway until teachers restrained them. [133]
1959
April 25, 1959	Nash County, North Carolina	0	0	0	Three teenagers vandalized North Whitakers Colored School by breaking eight windows with an automatic rifle and egg-sized rocks, causing over $300 in damage. [134]
September 24, 1959	Melrose, New York	1	0	1	27 men and boys were arrested and an arsenal was seized in the Bronx as the police headed off a gang war resulting from the fatal shooting of a teenager at Morris High School. [135]

1960s

20 incidents.

• 1960
• 1961
• 1962
• 1963
• 1966
• 1967
• 1968
• 1969

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Total	Description
1960
February 2, 1960	Hartford City, Indiana	3 [n 3]	0	3	Hartford City, Indiana, Principal Leonard Redden shot and killed two teachers with a shotgun at William Reed Elementary School before fleeing into a remote forest, where he committed suicide. [136]
March 30, 1960	Alice, Texas	1	0	1	14-year-old Donna Dvorak brought a target pistol to Dubose Junior High School and fatally shot 15-year-old Bobby Whitford in their 9th-grade science class. Dvorak believed Whitford posed a threat to one of her girlfriends. [137]
June 7, 1960	Blaine, Minnesota	2 [n 3]	0	2	41-year-old mail carrier Lester Betts confronted 33-year-old principal Carson Hammond in his Blaine Elementary School office and shot him dead with a 12-gauge shotgun in apparent jealousy over Hammond's relationships with his former wife. Betts later committed suicide. [138] [139]
1961
January 4, 1961	Delmont, South Dakota	1	0	1	Donald Kurtz, a 17-year-old senior at Delmont High School, was fatally wounded by a .22-caliber bullet from a rifle. The shot, intended as a sound effect for a school play, hit him in the chest during a rehearsal minutes before the play was to take place. [140]
October 17, 1961	Denver, Colorado	1	2 [n 3]	3	14-year-old Tennyson Beard got into an argument with 15-year-old William Hachmeister at Morey Junior High School, shooting and wounding him. Another shot fatally struck 14-year-old Deborah Faith Humphrey. Beard attempted suicide but survived. He was later found not guilty by reason of insanity. [141] [142]
1963
November 5, 1963	Cedar Rapids, Iowa	0	1	1	15-year-old Augie Holmquist, a student at Jefferson High School, was in the locker room after swimming class and was shot twice in the back and once in the hip with a .22-caliber revolver by student, 16-year-old Randy Schultz. Schultz ran home and told his parents to call the police. The boys had been playing water polo, and Holmquist had reportedly dunked Shultz. When Schultz objected, Holmquist hit him. Schultz retaliated with a gun. [143]
1966
April 27, 1966	Bay Shore, New York	1	0	1	48-year-old teacher John S. Lane was fatally wounded when he tried to stop 16-year-old student James Arthur Frampton, who was armed with a shotgun and seeking boys he had argued with earlier that day. Lane died about six weeks later. [144] Frampton was sentenced to 30 years in prison for the murder. [145]
August 1, 1966	Austin, Texas	18 [n 3]	31	49	University of Texas tower shooting: 25-year-old engineering student Charles Whitman fatally shot 15 people and wounded 31 more during a 96-minute shooting rampage from the observation deck of the university. He was shot and killed by police. He had earlier murdered his wife and his mother at their homes. [146] [147] [148] It was the deadliest shooting on a U.S. college campus until the Virginia Tech shooting in 2007.
October 5, 1966	Grand Rapids, Minnesota	1	1	2	Grand Rapids High School student 15-year-old David Black killed school administrator Forrest Willey and seriously wounded a fellow student, 14-year-old Kevin Roth. [149] [150] Black was tried as an adult and was paroled after serving five years of a 25-year sentence. [151]
November 12, 1966	Mesa, Arizona	5	2	7	1966 Rose-Mar College of Beauty shooting: 18-year-old Robert Smith took seven people, including four students, into a backroom at Rose-Mar College of Beauty and ordered them to lie down in a circle. He shot each in the head. Four women and a 3-year-old girl died; another woman and a baby were injured but survived. Police arrested Smith, who reportedly admired Richard Speck and Charles Whitman. [152] Smith was sentenced to death in Arizona's gas chamber, but his sentence was commuted to life when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled the death penalty unconstitutional in 1972.
1967
May 3, 1967	Northlake, Illinois	1	1	2	18-year-old dropout Michael Pisarski killed his former girlfriend, 17-year-old Christine Mitchell, inside West Leyden High School. The school's athletic director was wounded. [153] Pisarski was sentenced to a minimum of 35 years to a maximum of 60 years in prison, with 4–5 years to be served concurrently for the aggravated battery of the athletic director. [154] [155]
1968
January 30, 1968	Allapattah, Florida	1	0	1	16-year-old Blanche Ward killed fellow student 16-year-old Linda Lipscomb at Miami Jackson High School. According to Ward, she was threatened with a razor by Lipscomb during an argument over a fountain pen, and in the ensuing struggle, her gun went off. [156] Ward pled guilty to manslaughter and was sentenced to eight years in prison. [157]
March 25, 1968	High Point, North Carolina	1	0	1	15-year-old David Lee Walker was killed just outside Central High School by 15-year-old Gerald Locklear. [158] Locklear was tried as an adult and was sentenced to 30 years in prison but was released after serving only 11. [159]
May 22, 1968	Brownsville, Florida	0	2	2	Ernest Lee Grissom, a 15-year-old student at Drew Junior High School, seriously wounded a teacher and a 13-year-old student after he had been reprimanded for behavior. [160]
September 28, 1968	Canaryville, Illinois	0	1	1	At Tilden High School, a violent clash between black and white students occurred when black students walked out of classes after a school pep rally was cancelled. Black and white members of neighborhood street gangs gathered in front of the school and began fighting; which resulted in a 16-year-old white student being shot. [161]
1969
January 17, 1969	Westwood, California	2	0	2	Alprentice Carter and John Huggins, two student members of the Black Panther Party, were fatally shot during a student meeting inside Campbell Hall at the University of California, Los Angeles. Reportedly there was disagreement over who would control the school's African American Studies Center. The shooter, Claude Hubert, was never found; three other men were later arrested in connection with the shooting. [162]
January 23, 1969	Washington, D.C.	1	0	1	45-year-old Cardozo Senior High School assistant principal Herman Clifford was killed in the school's hallway by 18-year-old Ronald Joyner while trying to stop him and two other youths who had robbed the school's bank. [163]
April 25, 1969	Canaryville, Illinois	0	1	1	A 17-year-old student was shot when a racially motivated brawl erupted involving white and black students at Tilden High School. The brawl began in the school's auditorium and continued outside the school building. Eight Chicago police officers were injured and six students were charged with disorderly conduct in the incident. [164]
May 13, 1969	Winston-Salem, North Carolina	1	0	1	13-year-old Ernest Napoleon Carter Jr. was accidentally killed by a 13-year-old classmate at Hanes Junior High School who was armed with a pistol. The shooter was charged with involuntary manslaughter. Carter's mother filed a lawsuit against the Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Board of Education for $50,000 in damages. [165]
November 19, 1969	Tomah, Wisconsin	1	0	1	46-year-old Martin Mogensen, principal of Tomah Junior High School, was killed in his office by a 14-year-old boy. [166] the student was determined to be in diminished capacity at the time of the shooting and was put into the Mendota State Hospital instead of being sent to jail and was released from the hospital in 1972. [167]

1970s

47 incidents.

• 1970
• 1971
• 1972
• 1973
• 1974
• 1975
• 1976
• 1977
• 1978
• 1979

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Total	Description
1970
January 5, 1970	Washington, D.C.	1	1	2	15-year-old Tyrone Perry was killed at Hine Junior High School and another student was injured. [168]
January 5, 1970	Washington, D.C.	0	1	1	A 14-year-old student shot and wounded another boy at John Philip Sousa Junior High School. [169]
February 11, 1970	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	2 [n 3]	1	3	University of Pennsylvania professors 40-year-old Walter Koppelman and 45-year-old Oscar Goldman were shot by 33-year-old disgruntled graduate student Robert Cantor during a seminar. Cantor then took his own life. Koppelman died March 5 from his injuries, but Goldman recovered. [170]
April 15, 1970	Pine Bluff, Arkansas	1	5	6	There was a shooting at Coleman High School resulting in five injuries and one death. [171]
April 23, 1970	Wilmington, Delaware	1	0	1	A PS duPont High School, 17-year-old football player Derek A. Johnson, was shot and killed by teammate 16-year-old Carlton E. Thornton, who had confronted him to stop the bullying against his siblings. Thornton was sentenced to 10 years in prison but was released on probation after serving seven years. [172]
September 28, 1970	Davenport, Iowa	0	0	0	A student fired a shot in the school bathroom at Central High School. [173]
October 5, 1970	Pontiac, Michigan	0	4	4	Outside of Pontiac Central High School four students were wounded after a fight broke out among many students and one of the students drew a pistol and fired, no perpetrators had been identified. [174] [175] [176]
November 20, 1970	Roseland, Illinois	0	2	2	Two students were shot while standing in a second-floor hallway of Harlan High School. Fifteen-year-old Kenneth House was shot in the lower left abdomen and left in serious condition. 14-year-old Portia Walls suffered a superficial wound on her lower back. The incident was thought to have involved gang recruiting in the school. [177]
1971
February 2, 1971	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	1	0	1	56-year-old teacher Samson L. Freedman was killed by 14-year-old student Kevin Simmons as he left Morris E. Leeds School. Freedman had suspended Simmons earlier in the day for cursing in the hallway. [178]
May 27, 1971	Benton Harbor, Michigan	0	1	1	At Benton Harbor High School, A 16-year-old male student was shot and injured due to a feud between students. [179] [180] [181]
November 11, 1971	Spokane, Washington	2 [n 3]	4	6	21-year-old former MIT student Larry J. Harmon, armed with a rifle, killed 68-year-old caretaker Hilary Kunzon, who came upon him wrecking St. Aloysius Roman Catholic Church, then fled onto the campus of Gonzaga University, where he wounded four more people before he was shot and killed by police. Harmon was described by his father as a religious fanatic claiming to have visions. [182]
1972
January 24, 1972	Stow, Ohio	0	1	1	A 16-year-old student at Stow High School shot and wounded his chemistry teacher during an argument. [183]
February 14, 1972	Chicago, Illinois	1	0	1	[184] [185]
March 13, 1972	Tulare, California	0	1	1	At Tulare Western High School, student Albert Greenwood Brown brought a gun to school which he accidentally fired and grazed another student in the head. [186] [187] [188]
May 4, 1972	Reno, Nevada	1	0	1	On May 4, 1972, 33-year-old Libby Booth Elementary school principal Virgil Ouren was shot three times with a 22-caliber pistol which killed him instantly. The shooter, sixth grade teacher 53-year-old Samuel Grinstead Knipmeyer fled to Mexico, then moved to California and finally to Bend, Oregon where he was arrested on October 26, 1977. [189] [190]
May 5, 1972	Indianapolis, Indiana	1	0	1	At Decatur Central High School sophomore student George Jenkins was shot to death in his classroom by his sister Mickey who was a senior student. [191] [192] [193]
September 15, 1972	Saginaw, Michigan	0	2	2	At Saginaw High School, A 17-year-old male student shot two other 17-year-old male students at in the school hallway due to a longstanding argument between two of the students, the third student was an innocent bystander. [194] [195] [196]
November 16, 1972	Baton Rouge, Louisiana	2	0	2	At Southern University during a peaceful protest, two African American students were shot and killed by white sheriffs deputies. The deputies who fired the shots were never identified. [197] [198] [199] [200]
November 11, 1972	Pontiac, Michigan	0	5	5	At Pontiac Central High School five students were wounded, one seriously when a crowd of students gathered around a 16-year-old white student who was being kicked and beaten up by black students when 16-year-old Roderick Bortón, another student pushed through the crowd and opened fire with a 22-caliber pistol, the fight and shooting were believed to be racially motivated. [174] [201]
1973
February 26, 1973	Richmond, Virginia	1	0	1	17-year-old Wayne Phillips was killed when he was caught between two youths who were fighting in the hallway of Armstrong High School. [202]
November 6, 1973	Oakland, California	1	1	2	School superintendent Marcus Foster was killed and his assistant Robert Blackburn was wounded when members of the Symbionese Liberation Army opened fire on them as they exited a school board meeting. Two members of the SLA were later arrested and convicted of the crime. Both were sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole. The SLA had reportedly believed that Foster supported a measure to install police on school grounds and make students carry identification cards. In reality, Foster opposed both measures. [203]
1974
January 17, 1974	Auburn Gresham, Illinois	1	3	4	52-year-old elementary school principal Rudolph Jezek Jr. was killed in his office by 14-year-old Steven Guy, a former student. Assistant principal Gordon Sharp and janitor Ezekiel Thomas were injured by gunshot wounds while 29-year-old 8th grade teacher Peter Smith was injured while escaping due to falling down a flight of stiars. Guy said to be angry about being transferred to a social adjustment center. [204]
March 22, 1974	Brownstown, Indiana	1	0	1	48-year-old James T. Blevins, athletic director at Brownstown Central High School, was fatally shot in the school parking lot by David L Fleetwood, a 17-year-old student waiting for him. He gave the police no motive. [205] Fleetwood was convicted of voluntary manslaughter and sentenced to 2 to 21 years in prison. [206]
October 4, 1974	Kent, Ohio	0	1	1	19-year-old McKeesport, Pennsylvania student Ray D. Gilmore was wounded in a scuffle with two men in his third-floor campus dormitory room. 26-year-old Benjamin F. Goodman and 22-year-old Carl Bell, who were not students, had their .32-caliber pistols taken and were wrestled to the floor by other students. [207]
December 30, 1974	Olean, New York	3 (including a pregnant woman)	11	14	1974 Olean High School shooting: During a two-and-a-half-hour siege, 17-year-old honor student Anthony Barbaro, the best marksman on his rifle team, killed three adults, one pregnant, in and around his high school and wounded 11 others. [208] [209] He shot from the windows at the street and neighborhood. The school was closed for the Christmas holiday. [210] Barbaro committed suicide in prison before he could stand trial.
1975
February 18, 1975	Poughkeepsie, New York	1	0	1	Marist College freshman Shelley Sperling was shot and killed in the dining hall by her ex-boyfriend, Louis Acevedo. [211]
February 24, 1975	Penns Grove, New Jersey	1	1	2	24-year-old David Gary killed the 33-year-old Reverend Thomas Quinlan inside a classroom at St. James School. Quinlan was the school's principal. A teacher was also wounded. [212] Gary was sentenced to life in prison for the crime. [213]
March 18, 1975	St. Louis, Missouri	1	0	1	16-year-old Stephen Goods, a bystander, was killed during a fight between other teens. Three youths were convicted for the homicide. [209]
September 11, 1975	Oklahoma City, Oklahoma	1	5	6	Student James Briggs killed fellow student Randy Truitt at Grant High School, wounding several others. [214] Briggs was convicted of first-degree manslaughter by an Oklahoma County juvenile court jury the following year. A judge ordered Briggs committed to an unidentified, nonprofit institution in another state until he turned 18. [215]
1976
February 12, 1976	Detroit, Michigan	0	5	5	Intruders entered Murray-Wright High School, shooting and wounding five students after an apparent dispute over a girlfriend of one of the intruders. [216]
February 19, 1976	Mid-Wilshire, California	1	9 [n 3]	10	Computer Learning Center shooting: 18-year-old Neil Liebeskind of Chatsworth, California entered a Los Angeles computer school and opened fire on his class with a 12-gauge shotgun, killing 24-year-old Fernando E. Alcivar and wounding 6 others, in an attempt to kill another student. After Liebeskind left the classroom, he was confronted by an armed security officer, Howard Barnes, who ordered him to drop his weapon. Liebeskind shot and wounded Barnes, but Barnes and a second security guard returned fire and critically wounded Liebeskind with a shot to the neck. Liebeskind had previously been shot and wounded by a homeowner four years earlier while burglarizing a house in Woodland Hills, California. [217] In January 1977, a jury found Liebeskind not guilty by reason of insanity and he was confined to a psychiatric hospital. [218] [219] The shooting disrupted a filming of the television series Jigsaw John. [220] [221] [222] [223]
July 12, 1976	Fullerton, California	7	2	9	California State University, Fullerton massacre: 37-year-old Edward Charles Allaway, a custodian at the California State University, Fullerton library, shot and killed seven people and wounded two others in the library's first-floor lobby and at the building's Instructional Media Center (IMC), located in the basement. Allaway was convicted of murder, but a judge ruled him insane and ordered him confined to a mental institution.
November 10, 1976	Detroit, Michigan	1	0	1	A man entered the Burt Elementary School campus and walked into a second-grade teachers classroom then shot and killed The teacher who happened to be the shooters estranged wife who had transferred to the school from a different school in order to get away from her husband. [224]
1977
April 7, 1977	Whitharral, Texas	1	0	1	High School principal M. O. Tripp was killed on the front steps of the school by 17-year-old student Ricardo Lopez for unknown reasons. [225] Lopez was convicted of murder and subsequently sentenced to life in prison. [226]
May 30, 1977	Hayward, California	2	0	2	An officer with the California State University, Hayward Police Department got into an argument with a sergeant and a patrolman following a call at a campus field station. The argument escalated, and the officer shot both men, killing them. [227]
November 19, 1977	Washington, DC	0	2	2	A young man wearing a hood and surgical mask shot and seriously injured the business manager of St. John's College High School during an attempted robbery. [228]
1978
January 11, 1978	Hopkinsville, Kentucky	0	1	1	13-year-old student Andre Davis was wounded while watching a fight between two students in the front lobby of Christian County Middle School, one of whom had a gun. A 16-year-old was charged with the assault. [229]
February 9, 1978	St. Albans, West Virginia	1	0	1	14-year-old Hayes Junior High School student Stuart Wayne Perrock killed 14-year-old schoolmate Arthur Clinton Smith. He subsequently fled the school, sparking a search that lasted several hours before he was arrested and he was tried as a juvenile. [230] [231]
February 22, 1978	Lansing, Michigan	1	1	2	After being taunted for his beliefs, 15-year-old Roger Needham, a self-proclaimed neo-Nazi, killed one student and wounded a second with a pistol at Everett High School. He was tried as a juvenile for the crime. [209] [232] [233]
April 4, 1978	Dearborn, Michigan	0	1	1	At Fordson High School an 18-year-old student was shot in the head in a locker room by a 16-year-old student with a handgun. [234]
April 26, 1978	South Dallas, Texas	1	0	1	38-year-old Woodrow Porter, a janitor at Paul Dunbar Elementary School, was killed by the 56-year-old grandmother of an eight-year-old who was allegedly spanked by Porter earlier. [235]
May 18, 1978	Northwest Hills, Texas	1	0	1	13-year-old John Daniel Christian, son of Lyndon B. Johnson's former press secretary George Christian, killed his English teacher, 29-year-old Wilbur Grayson, with his father's rifle in front of approximately 30 classmates at Murchison Junior High School. [208] [209] Christian was arrested and charged but not prosecuted; he was committed to a mental hospital where he was treated for a period and released. [236]
October 17, 1978	University City, Missouri	0	4	4	18-year-old Larry Ward and two companions were escorted from the halls of University City High School following a fight with 18-year-old student Carl Triplett. Ward ran back into the building with a gun and fired shots into a group, critically injuring Triplett in the chest and hip and wounding 17-year-old Angela Darden and 16-year-old Jennifer Pride. Ward sustained a head injury as he was tackled by assistant principal, Franklin McCallie. His companions grabbed the gun and fled. [237]
October 17, 1978	Lanett, Alabama	0	1	1	13-year-old Robin Robinson was paddled by Lanett Junior High School principal Lewis Hoggs after having a disagreement with another student. Robinson left the school and returned with a .22-caliber handgun and shot Hoggs, grazing the top of his head. [208] [238] [239] Robinson was arrested two hours later about two blocks from the school and was later charged in juvenile court. [236] [240] [241]
1979
January 29, 1979	San Carlos, San Diego, California	2	9	11	Cleveland Elementary School shooting: 16-year-old Brenda Spencer opened fire on Grover Cleveland Elementary School from her home across the street, killing two adults and wounding nine people. Spencer was sentenced to 25 years to life and remains in prison. [209] [242] [243] [244] [245] [246]
April 16, 1979	Milwaukee, Wisconsin	0	1	1	17-year-old Timothy Stahle was critically wounded in the leg and upper thigh with shot gun pellets as he threw rocks at the windows of Wisconsin Lutheran High School. 28-year-old school janitor Kenneth B. Stein was arrested. [247]
September 28, 1979	Charlestown, Massachusetts	0	1	1	15-year-old sophomore Darryl Williams was shot in the neck by a sniper during the halftime interval while standing with teammates and coach in the end zone of the Charlestown High School football field. The player for the predominantly black Jamaica Plain High School team was left paralyzed. A racial motivation was determined by Mayor Kevin White. [248] 17-year-old white youths Joseph Nardone and Stephen McGonagle were charged with the shooting and received 10-year sentences. [249]

1980s

73 incidents.

• 1980
• 1981
• 1982
• 1983
• 1984
• 1985
• 1986
• 1987
• 1988
• 1989

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Total	Description
1980
January 7, 1980	Stamps, Arkansas	1	0	1	16-year-old Evan Hampton, a freshman at Lafayette County High School, waited in a classroom for 19-year-old student Mike Sanders, whom he immediately killed. Hampton went to the principal's office, turned in the gun and waited for his arrest by police. [250]
March 20, 1980	Dallas, Texas	1	0	1	49-year-old fifth-grade teacher Rosie Pearson was killed in J. Leslie Patton School by an unknown assailant. [251]
March 26, 1980	Big Rapids, Michigan	1	0	1	Business professor Robert Brauer was killed in class by 20-year-old student Thomas Kakonis at Ferris State College, who had failed an exam in his class. Kakonis was the son of an associate dean at the college. [252] Kakonis was found not guilty by reason of insanity.
October 31, 1980	Hueytown, Alabama	1 [n 3]	1	2	17-year-old Rudy Farmer pulled out a .22-caliber pistol and wounded a fellow student in the art room of Hueytown High School, then turned the gun on himself. [253]
1981
January 27, 1981	Fayetteville, Arkansas	1 [n 3]	1	2	19-year-old former freshman James Howard Taylor brought a 12-gauge single-shot shotgun into the Delta Delta Delta sorority house on the University of Arkansas campus. He entered the house at 5:45 p.m. and terrorized an initiation dinner. After attempting to negotiate a surrender, he was shot and killed by police when he aimed his shotgun into the dining room. [254]
April 17, 1981	Ann Arbor, Michigan	2	0	2	As students fled their rooms after a homemade firebomb set a minor blaze on the sixth floor hallway of Bursley Hall dormitory, 22-year-old psychology student Leo E. Kelly Jr. fired a sawn-off 12-gauge shotgun at his University of Michigan schoolmates at point-blank range. 19-year-old pre-medical student Edward Siwik and 21-year-old resident advisor Douglas C. McGreaham died in hospitals a few hours later. Kelly had been dismissed from UM once and was on the verge of another dismissal due to poor grades. [255] [256] In 1982, he was convicted on two counts of first-degree murder and sentenced to life in prison. [257]
December 16, 1981	Portland, Oregon	2 [n 3]	0	2	Shortly before noon in Engineering Hall on the school's campus in north Portland, 34-year-old University of Portland night janitor John C. Holbrook killed 37-year-old engineering teacher Brian D. Massey before taking his own life. [258]
1982
March 19, 1982	Las Vegas, Nevada	1	3 [n 3]	4	17-year-old Valley High School student Patrick Lizotte killed his teacher Clarence Pigott and wounded two students, before being shot and wounded by police. [209] [259] Lizotte was originally sentenced to life in prison without parole, but his sentence was reduced and he was paroled in 2017 after the passage of Nevada Assembly Bill 267, which “revises provisions concerning the sentencing and parole of persons convicted as an adult for a crime committed when the person was less than 18 years of age," in 2015. [260]
April 5, 1982	Hot Springs, Arkansas	2	0	2	26-year-old Kelvin Ray Love, who was struggling academically, entered Garland Community College in Hot Springs, Arkansas, and shot dead his teacher, 38-year-old William "Buddy" Putnam, and fellow student Donald Schamp, 34, with a .357 magnum revolver. Love fired six shots during the incident before taking a female student hostage and forcing her to flee with him in her car. During the ensuing 125-mile high-speed chase, Love exchanged shots with pursuing patrol officers but no one was injured. The pursuit came to an end after Love crashed through a police roadblock and wrecked his vehicle; both he and his hostage survived unharmed. [261] Love was later found guilty of two counts of capital murder and sentenced to life imprisonment without parole. [262]
April 7, 1982	Littleton, Colorado	1	0	1	13-year-old Deer Creek Junior High School student Scott Darwin Michael was killed by 14-year-old classmate Jason Price Rocha. Rocha was tried as an adult and sentenced to 12 years in prison, plus one year of parole but was instead released in 1987 at the age of 20. [263] [264]
November 8, 1982	Hubbell-Lyndon, Michigan	0	2	2	Two students were accidentally shot in a hallway at Cooley High School when the shooter, another student, was showing off a handgun. [265]
November 12, 1982	Jackson, Mississippi	2 [n 3]	0	2	18-year-old dropout James Hartzog killed his girlfriend, 17-year-old Faye Williams, in her algebra class at Wingfield High School. Hartzog then took his own life. [266]
December 20, 1982	Detroit, Michigan	0	1	1	At Finney High School, a 15-year-old student was shot in the abdomen when three men entered the school and went to the hallway where the student was, demanded his jacket and after he gave it to them one of the men shot him anyway. [267]
1983
January 20, 1983	Ballwin, Missouri	2 [n 3]	1	3	14-year-old Parkway South Middle School student David F. Lawler, sitting in a study hall classroom of 28 students, opened fire, killing Randall Koger and injuring Greg Saffo. Lawler then took his own life. [209] [259]
May 16, 1983	Lake Highlands, Texas	1	0	1	Billy Conn Gardner, a friend of a food-service worker's husband, robbed the Lake Highlands High School cafeteria manager at gunpoint as she was counting the day's revenue in the office. Gardner shot her and took $1,600. Gardner was subsequently sentenced to death for the crime and was executed by lethal injection on February 16, 1995. [268]
May 16, 1983	Brentwood, New York	1 [n 3]	2	3	After being fired from his job as a substitute teacher for fighting with a student, Robert O. Wickes entered Brentwood East Junior High School in Brentwood, New York, dressed in camouflage fatigues and armed with a semi-automatic .22-caliber rifle and over 100 rounds of ammunition, to get revenge on the student, 15-year-old Luis Burgos. Shortly after noon, Wickes entered a ninth-grade social-studies classroom inside the school and fired three shots at Burgos, hitting him twice in the stomach and hand, before taking the entire class of 18 students hostage. School principal William Howland was also shot and wounded by Wickes when Howland peered into the classroom. After firing four shots down the hall at responding police officers, Wickes barricaded himself inside the classroom and a standoff ensued. During the standoff, Wickes periodically released 17 of the 18 hostages before shooting himself in the head nine hours into the siege, dying in the hospital later that night. Both Burgos and Howland survived their injuries. [269] [270]
September 12, 1983	Detroit, Michigan	1	0	1	At Henry Ford High School, a 16-year-old student was fatally shot after a fight which was believed to be gang-related. [271] [272]
November 8, 1983	Highland Park, Michigan	1	0	1	At Highland Park High School a 15-year-old student shot and killed a 17-year-old student, the shooting is believed to be related to an earlier fight between the two students. [273]
November 18, 1983	Harlem Park, Maryland	1	0	1	14-year-old Dewitt Duckett was shot in the neck and killed at Harlem Park Junior High School. Alfred Chestnut and Ransom Watkins, who were both 16 at the time, and 17-year-old Andrew Stewart were convicted of the murder and sentenced to life in prison. However, evidence was withheld from the defense that pointed to another suspect, 18-year-old Michael Willis, who witnesses said saw run away and ditch the gun; Willis died in 2002. The case was reviewed and the evidence that was withheld was recovered and used by the defense. Four teenage witnesses who testified against the three in the first trial recanted, saying they were pressured by police to change their stories. In November 2019, Chestnut, Watkins and Stewart were exonerated. [274] [275]
December 2, 1983	Crawfordsville, Indiana	0	1	1	17-year-old Calvin Dowell was shot during a senior economics class at Crawfordsville High School by fellow student 17-year-old Grant Carey in a dispute over a girl. The case was waived to adult court, and Grant was sentenced to six years in prison. Dowell survived the shooting but was paralyzed. [276] [277]
December 17, 1983	Ithaca, New York	2	1 [n 3]	3	A man took seven Cornell University students hostage at a dorm, including a woman who had rejected him. The gunman let all the hostages go except for the woman and her roommate, before shooting both. After fleeing the scene and being pursued by police the gunman shot himself in the head but survived. [278]
1984
February 24, 1984	Los Angeles, California	3 [n 3]	12	15	49th Street Elementary School shooting: Tyrone Mitchell killed two people and wounded twelve others when shooting at students leaving 49th Street Elementary School. He then committed suicide. [209]
April 18, 1984	Detroit, Michigan	1	0	1	13-year-old Kelly Crittendon was accidentally killed by two classmates in a classroom at the Precious Blood School. [279] [280]
May 11, 1984	Fresno, California	1 [n 3]	2	3	A 33-year-old student shot and wounded a teacher and a student with a revolver at Fresno City College. The student then killed herself with a shot to the head. [281]
May 17, 1984	Pleasant Hill, Iowa	2 [n 3]	0	2	17-year-old student Todd Dunahoo killed 16-year-old Valerie Rockafellow in the hallway at Southeast Polk High School, then turned the gun on himself. [282]
May 18, 1984	Norco, California	0	12	12	A 17-year-old student brought a shotgun on the Norco High School campus and fired a round in the air. Several students tackled the gunman and a second shot went off. A dozen students suffered minor injuries either from shot or the scuffle to secure the gun. [283]
July 10, 1984	Detroit, Michigan	0	1	1	An 18-year-old was shot in the arm near the Mumford High School parking lot by mistake in a gang-related incident. [284]
September 27, 1984	Harris County, Texas	0	1	1	On September 27, 28-year-old Samuel George shot at 13-year-old Curtis McGuffie with a .22-caliber rifle outside Bleyl Middle School in Houston, Texas. The following day, George shot and wounded 10-year-old Joshua Baker Littell as he raised the American flag at Millsap Elementary School in Cypress, Texas. George told authorities he was "angry and upset with the world". He was charged with one count of attempted murder and two counts of assault with a deadly weapon. [285]
September 28, 1984	North Richland Hills, Texas	0	1	1	1981 alumnus Barry Wayne Shaw returned to his alma mater Richland High School carrying a 9mm Uzi submachine gun, an AR-15 and a .45-caliber pistol looking for Ms. Ball, his English teacher. After some time, he gave up the hunt, yelled out "Homecoming, homecoming," and sprayed the school's foyer with 30 rounds of ammunition. None of the dozen or so students in the foyer was hit, though one was injured by flying debris. Principal Ray Williams arrived to confront him after Barry had fired his last shot. Barry threw both rifles at Ray, saying, "I did it." Ray had Barry sit down and wait for the police. Barry offered no resistance. It was later discovered that Barry had killed Dallas karate instructor Jimmy Glen Wilson and wounded Rudy Smedley earlier in the week with the submachine gun. He was charged with two counts of intent to commit murder, one count of retaliation and one count of murder. [286]
October 22, 1984	Detroit, Michigan	0	2	2	In the hallway of Central High School, two students, a male and a female (both 16) were shot during a fight. [287] [288]
October 24, 1984	Celina, Ohio	1	0	1	45-year-old Shirley Shindeldecker killed 54-year-old school-bus driver Gene Green as he stopped to pick up the son of Shindeldecker's estranged husband. After serving 19 months of her sentence, Shindeldecker was found not guilty by reason of insanity and released. [289]
October 25, 1984	Detroit, Michigan	0	1	1	At Southeastern High School during a fight between a 17-year-old male and a 15-year-old male, a security guard grabbed the 17-year-old around the waist during which a gun that the 17-year-old was carrying fell out of his jacket pocket. It hit the security guard’s foot, discharged and hit the 15-year-old male in the left leg. [290]
1985
January 21, 1985	Goddard, Kansas	1	3	4	Armed with a rifle and a handgun, 14-year-old James Alan Kearbey killed principal James McGee and wounded two teachers and a student at Goddard Junior High School. [209] [259] [291] Kearbey was released in 1991 but was arrested again in 2001 after being found with a gun; he was paroled in 2003. [292]
October 18, 1985	Woodbridge, Michigan	0	7	7	Murray-Wright High School shooting: During halftime of the homecoming football game between Northwestern and Murray-Wright high schools, a youth opened fire with a shotgun, injuring seven people including six students with whom he had fought earlier in the day. [293]
November 26, 1985	Spanaway, Washington	3 [n 3]	0	3	Armed with a .22-caliber rifle, 14-year-old Heather Smith shot and killed 15-year-old Gordon Pickett, her ex-boyfriend, and 14-year-old Christopher Ricco in the gymnasium at Spanaway Junior High School, before fleeing the school grounds. She later returned to the school and, after a short standoff with police, shot herself in the mouth; she died the following day. [294]
December 3, 1985	Concord, New Hampshire	1 [n 3]	1	2	At Concord High School, 16-year-old dropout Louis Cartier entered the school with a shotgun and took two students hostage: 18-year-old Patrick Lena and 16-year-old Scott Hayes, before engaging in a standoff with responding police officers. After the gunman aimed his weapon at football coach Don LeBrun, Concord Police Officer Michael Russell shot Cartier in the head with his service revolver, wounding him. Cartier returned fire with one shotgun blast at police, wounding police officer Stephen McDonnell in the chin with a shotgun pellet, before being shot twice more in the chest by Russell and CPD Officer John Clark. Cartier died of his wounds the following day in the hospital; Officer McDonnell was treated and released. [295] [296]
December 10, 1985	Portland, Connecticut	1	2	3	After being suspended for refusing to take off his hat while at school, 13-year-old student Floyd Warmsley pulled out a firearm at Portland Junior High School, shooting and wounding the 53-year-old school secretary Lynn Haddad and killing 36-year-old janitor David Bangston. [297] [298] Warmsley was tried as a juvenile and sentenced to four years in prison but was released a year early for good behavior. [299]
1986
March 6, 1986	Dolton, Illinois	0	1	1	52-year-old math teacher Norma Cooper was shot in the shoulder at Thornridge High School by one of her freshman students, who apparently had recently received poor grades. He was charged with attempted murder, unlawful use of a weapon and aggravated battery. [300]
April 29, 1986	Senath, Missouri	1	0	1	Using a 20-gauge shotgun, 16-year-old Ritchie Overman shot and killed 15-year-old Leslie Lynn Wyatt in front of a classroom of students and teacher Sheila Adams at Senath-Hornersville High School. [301] [302]
May 9, 1986	Fayetteville, North Carolina	0	3	3	17-year-old student Major Ray Simmons shot and wounded three classmates, one critically, at Pine Forest High School with a .25-caliber handgun. [303] [304]
May 16, 1986	Cokeville, Wyoming	2 [n 2]	74 [n 4]	76	Cokeville Elementary School hostage crisis: 43-year-old former town marshal David Young and his 47-year-old wife Doris Young took 136 children and 18 adults hostage at Cokeville Elementary School. During the standoff, Doris accidentally detonated a bomb she was carrying, injuring herself and 73 others. David then shot and killed Doris, shot and wounded a teacher, and committed suicide. [209] [305] [306]
December 4, 1986	Lewistown, Montana	1	3	4	14-year-old Kristofor Hans intended to shoot his French teacher, LaVonne Simonfy, at Fergus High School because of a failing grade. Instead, Henrietta Smith, who was substituting for Simonfy, was shot in the face and died. [307] Hans fired several other shots as he fled, wounding vice principal John Moffatt, [308] and two students. [238] He then ran about a mile to his home, where he was arrested after the police surrounded his house. A classmate said Hans had repeatedly threatened to kill Ms. Simonfy, saying, "I'm going to blow Simonfy's head off." [309] He was charged as an adult, convicted and sentenced to 206 years in prison. [209] [310] Hans was released in June 2015. [311]
1987
January 23, 1987	Detroit, Michigan	0	1	1	A 15-year-old boy fired five shots in gym class at Redford High School, wounding 15-year-old Marcus Childress. The shooting stemmed from a fight of two groups of teenagers. [312]
February 4, 1987	Northridge, California	2 [n 3]	0	2	35-year-old associate professor of Computer Science Djamshid (Amir) Asgari was confronted in the Engineering Building of California State University, Northridge by 25-year-old graduate student Fawwaz Abdin. Abdin was angry about a low grade Asgari had given him a year earlier, which caused him to be put on academic probation. After Asgari refused to change his grade, Abdin shot him twice, then fatally shot himself. Asgari later died at the Northridge Hospital. [313]
February 13, 1987	Mayer, Arizona	1 [n 3]	2	3	After being caught with beer at the Orme School in Mayer, Arizona, 17-year-old Jarod Huskey went on a shooting rampage on the school campus, wounding two people, before being killed in a shootout with police. [314]
March 2, 1987	De Kalb, Missouri	2 [n 3]	0	2	After constant teasing about his weight, 12-year-old honors student Nathan Ferris killed 13-year-old classmate Timothy Perrin, then turned the gun on himself. [209] [259] [315]
March 9, 1987	Compton, California	1	0	1	Compton Unified School District police officer Roosevelt Farrell was shot in the leg after confronting three juvenile intruders as he was patrolling the campus of Chester Adult School in Compton, California. Farrell died on March 16 from complications resulting from the wound. The 16-year-old gunman was arrested and charged with murder; two other youths were sought by police. [316] [317]
April 16, 1987	Woodbridge, Michigan	1	2	3	Murray-Wright High School second shooting: A ninth-grade student at Murray-Wright High School shot and killed 17-year-old Chester Jackson and wounded 17-year-old Damon Matthews and 18-year-old Tomeka Turner. [318]
September 28, 1987	Lansing, Illinois	0	1	1	After being kicked off the soccer team for smoking on school grounds, 16-year-old student Blake Docter of Illiana Christian High School shot 44-year-old John Hoogewerf, the teacher who had reported him for smoking, in the chest. [319] In September 1989, Docter was sentenced to spend the next 12 weekends in jail, was given a fine of $1,000 and put on 30 months of adult probation. [320]
October 14, 1987	Bronzeville, Illinois	1	0	1	15-year-old freshman student Dartagnan Young of DuSable High School was shot to death in a third-floor hallway of the school by 16-year-old student Larry Sims. [321] [322] Sims, a documented gang member, had argued with Young the previous day about street–gang activity. Sims was convicted in 1994 of first degree murder and sentenced to 40 years in prison. [323]
November 4, 1987	Detroit, Michigan	0	1	1	A 16-year-old male was shot while sitting in his car in the Southwestern High School parking lot when the shooter approached the victim, asked him for money then shot him when he told him he didn’t have any money. [280]
1988
February 11, 1988	Largo, Florida	1	3 [n 3]	4	Pinellas Park High shooting: 15-year-old students Jason Harless and Jason McCoy took stolen .38-caliber revolvers to Pinellas Park High School. Harless shot two assistant principals and a student teacher inside the school's cafeteria. 53-year-old Richard Allen died from his injuries; Nancy Blackwelder and intern Joseph Bloznalis were wounded. Harless was shot and wounded during a shootout with police outside the school; McCoy was later apprehended at a residence. [209] [259] [324]
March 4, 1988	Detroit, Michigan	0	1	1	A 13-year-old girl played with a gun on the school bus and fired it by accident and injured a 12-year-old. [325]
May 20, 1988	Winnetka, Illinois	2 [n 3]	5	7	30-year-old Laurie Dann killed eight-year-old Nick Corwin inside Hubbard Woods School. Five additional students were wounded. Dann later committed suicide after taking hostages in a nearby home. [209] [259] [326]
June 16, 1988	Detroit, Michigan	0	1	1	A 14-year-old male student and a 15-year-old male student got into a fight at Joy Middle School, after the fight the younger one went home, retrieved a handgun then went back to the school and shot the older boy at the school stairwell. [327]
June 30, 1988	Oahu, Hawaii	0	1	1	17-year-old 'Aiea High School student Romel Castro shot his summer school teacher who survived. [328] [329] [330] [331]
July 10, 1988	Milwaukee, Wisconsin	0	1	1	25-year-old Robin Jenkins was shot in the elbow after a basketball game turned violent at Siefert Elementary School. A 28-year-old man was taken into custody the following day. [332]
August 31, 1988	Detroit, Michigan	0	1	1	At Central High School, A 17-year-old male student was shot in the left arm and right leg while he was in one of the hallways in a gang-related shooting. [333]
August 31, 1988	Anderson, South Carolina	1	0	1	35-year-old principal Dennis Ray Hepler was robbed at gunpoint by Kevin Dean Young, William Henry Bell, and John Glenn on the grounds of West Franklin Street Elementary school. Young, 20, fired a fatal shot from the .25-caliber pistol into Dennis' back. After Hepler fell to the ground, Bell fired another shot into his head. In 1989, Young was sentenced to death for the murder, and in 2000 was executed by lethal injection. Bell was also sentenced to death, but the sentence was commuted in 2017 to life with parole. Glenn was convicted of armed robbery and accessory to murder and sentenced to 35 years in prison. A fourth man who acted as the getaway driver, Arthur Ray Jones, pleaded guilty to an accessory charge and was sentenced to 10 years in jail, with all but 7+1⁄2 months suspended. [334]
September 2, 1988	South Dallas, Texas	0	2	2	Two groups of teens fired handguns at each other across Lincoln High School's parking lot. Caught in the crossfire were 15-year-old Mark Lee and LaSonya Betts, striking Lee in the hip and Betts in the abdomen. A 17-year-old male former student of Lincoln was arrested in connection with the shootings. [335]
September 22, 1988	Near West Side, Illinois	5 [n 3]	2	7	After killing 41-year-old John Van Dyke of Lisle, Illinois and 26-year-old Robert Quinn of Franklin Park, Illinois at a nearby auto parts store called Comet Auro Parts, 40-year-old Clem "Clemmie" Henderson entered Moses Montefiore Academy, where he shot and killed the school custodian. Henderson then shot and killed police officer Irma Ruiz and wounded her partner, Greg Jaglowski, as they confronted him. Despite being shot in both legs, Jaglowski managed to return fire, killing Henderson. The last victim includes 34-year-old Arthur Baker, a custodial worker at Montefiore and injured Laplose Chestnut. [336]
September 26, 1988	Greenwood, South Carolina	2	9	11	Oakland Elementary School shooting: 19-year-old James William Wilson entered Oakland Elementary School and started firing shots in the cafeteria, wounding two students and a teacher. After reloading his gun in a girls' restroom, he was confronted by teacher Kat Finkbeiner, who tried to stop him; she was wounded twice. He then entered a third-grade classroom and shot toward the students, killing eight-year-old Shequila Tawoon Bradley and Tequila Maria Thomas and wounding five others. Wilson was convicted of murder and sentenced to death. [209] [259] [337]
October 3, 1988	Mascotte, Florida	0	1	1	9-year-old Leah Wilbanks was shot twice by an unknown gunman at Mascotte Elementary School during P.E. class from behind the school fence. The shooter fled and was never arrested. [335] [338]
October 4, 1988	Jacksonville, Florida	0	5	5	Eight teachers, 20 students, and 13 cheerleaders were leaving Ribault Junior High School after a football game when their bus was pelted with gunfire and rocks. The bullets and rocks struck the bus on the drivers side, with the bullets penetrating all the way through the bus. Five girls suffered minor injuries from broken glass. [335]
October 4, 1988	Baton Rouge, Louisiana	0	0	0	33-year-old Evelena B. Moore, a special-education teacher at Galvez Elementary, opened fire on cafeteria worker Beatrice Hills in the school's parking lot. Hills was not injured. Police arrested Moore and charged her with attempted second-degree murder. Moore was back at work the next day. Superintendent Ralph Ricardo said that the school board had no provisions to dismiss a teacher charged with attempted murder, and therefore Moore was allowed remain on the job until pleading guilty or being convicted of the charge. [335]
October 6, 1988	Mobile, Alabama	0	1	1	Arilyn Jean Lelande, 29, invaded 35-year-old teacher Angela Jean Brown's sixth-grade classroom, pointed a handgun at the children and told them to move back. Lelande, Brown's sister, demanded money from Brown before firing several shots at her, hitting her at least once in the abdomen and leaving her in serious condition. Lelande was arrested and charged with first-degree assault. [335]
October 9, 1988	Sacramento, California	1 [n 1]	0	1	15-year-old Serrocko James Henry, a Sacramento High School sophomore, and 12-year-olds Edell Story, Jerry Wilson, and DeVon Johnson-Curry were taking turns using a baseball bat to smash windows at the school, tripping the school's alarm. Police arrived and encountered the children in a dimly lit hallway, Story still carrying a baseball bat. Henry was shot in the chest and killed. The other three boys were detained for questioning and then released to their parents. The sheriff declared the shooting a justifiable homicide. [335]
November 22, 1988	Abilene, Texas	0	1	1	16-year-old student Mason Staggs shot Cooper High School teacher Rick Maloney in the face with a pistol, severely injuring him. Staggs surrendered to police two hours later, pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 14 years in prison. [339]
December 16, 1988	Virginia Beach, Virginia	1	1	2	At Atlantic Shores Christian School, 16-year-old student Nicholas Elliott shot two teachers with a Mac-10 9-millimeter machine pistol, killing 41-year-old Karen Farley and critically wounding 37-year-old Sam Marino, then began firing on a classroom full of students before the gun jammed; no students were hit. [259] [340] [341] He was sentenced to life plus 114 years in prison with 15 years before parole. [342]
1989
January 17, 1989	Stockton, California	6 [n 3]	32	38	Stockton schoolyard shooting: 24-year-old Patrick Edward Purdy fatally shot five children and wounded 32 others at the Cleveland Elementary School before taking his own life. The victims were children of refugees from Southeast Asia. Purdy had a history of violence, alcoholism and drug addiction, and criminality. [341] [343]
February 10, 1989	Kearns, Utah	0	0	0	At Thomas Jefferson Junior High School, a 12-year-old boy fired a handgun at a vice principal, William Crumbaugh. No one was injured. [344]
September 19, 1989	Kalihi-Palama, Hawaii	1	0	1	A gang-related shooting at Farrington High School left 18-year-old Edilberto Asuncion dead in the parking lot. [328] [345]
December 5, 1989	McKeesport, Pennsylvania	1 [n 3]	1	2	While riding the school bus, 16-year-old Serra Catholic High School student Robert Butler shot 16-year-old schoolmate Adam Ference in the back of the head before fatally shooting himself. [346] Ference was in critical condition but survived. [347]

1990s

119 incidents.

• 1990
• 1991
• 1992
• 1993
• 1994
• 1995
• 1996
• 1997
• 1998
• 1999

Date	Location	Deaths	Injuries	Total	Description
1990
January 11, 1990	Newport News, Virginia	0	2	2	Two shooters fired at three people near Huntington Middle School. Stray rounds hit two students inside the school. [348]
February 13, 1990	Batesburg-Leesville, South Carolina	0	0	0	A 15-year-old student fired a shot on the playground of Batesburg-Leesville Middle School. He was disarmed. [349]
March 27, 1990	Brooklyn, New York	0	1	1	A Black youth was taunted with racial slurs by three white youths in the stairwell of a public school in the Bensonhurst area of Brooklyn. A 14-year-old was then shot and slightly wounded because he had acted as peacemaker when the same boys had clashed with another Black teen the month before. [350]
April 23, 1990	Jacksonville, Florida	0	0	0	A student fired two shots inside a classroom at Mayport Junior High School. He was disarmed by a parent visitor. [351]
May 1, 1990	Tallahassee, Florida	0	0	0	At least five shots were fired at students outside on the playground at Fairview Middle School. [352]
May 15, 1990	Bozeman, Montana	2	0	2	19-year-old Brett Byers entered the dorm room of James Clevenger and Brian Boeder, both also 19, while they were sleeping and fatally shot both of them with a sawed-off shotgun. He was convicted of two counts of deliberate homicide and sentenced to 165 years in prison. Byers was denied parole in 2007, 2015, and 2020. [353] [354] [355]
August 26, 1990	Sunrise Manor, Nevada	1	0	1	Minutes before the first bell rang on the first day of school at Eldorado High School in Las Vegas, Nevada, 15-year-old Curtis Collins shot 16-year-old Donnie Lee Bolden Jr. in the neck, killing him in the crowded high school cafeteria. [356] Collins was released from prison in 2005 on permanent parole. [357]
September 11, 1990	San Antonio, Texas	0	3	3	Three students were wounded when gang-related gunfire broke out at Sam Houston High School. 17-year-old John Campbell was wounded in the right foot, 18-year-old Larry Johnson was wounded in the right thigh and calf, and a 16-year-old received a chest wound. 18-year-old Kenneth Wolford and two other male students were arrested and charged. [358]
September 21, 1990	Indianapolis, Indiana	0	3	3	A 13-year-old girl was shot in the head on her school bus at John Marshall Junior High School. Two other students were injured by flying glass. [359]
October 31, 1990	Durham, North Carolina	0	0	0	A 13-year-old student was arrested after he fired a shot on the grounds of Brogden Middle School. [360]
1991
April 23, 1991	Compton, California	1	0	1	A teenager fired a handgun at a security guard who had chased him and three friends off the grounds of Ralph J. Bunche Middle School. He missed and instead killed 11-year-old bystander Alejandro Vargas, a student at the school. [361]
May 1991	Grand Prairie, Texas	0	0	0	A student fired several shots into a door at the principal's office of Andrew Jackson Middle School. [362]
May 16, 1991	Kansas City, Kansas	0	2	2	A teenage boy fired a gun toward a crowd in the Coronado Middle School cafeteria which injured a boy and a girl. Police said the shooting was gang-related. [363]
September 18, 1991	Crosby, Texas	1	0	1	17-year-old Arthur Jermel Jack was killed by 15-year-old LaKeeta Cadoree in the cafeteria at Crosby High School. [364]
September 18, 1991	Austin, Texas	0	0	0	A student at the University of Texas at Austin attempted to kill university president William Cunningham, but was disarmed during a struggle in which a shot was fired. [365]
November 1, 1991	Iowa City, Iowa	6 [n 3]	1	7	University of Iowa shooting: 28-year-old former graduate student Gang Lu killed four members of the University of Iowa's faculty and a research student and seriously wounded another student. 47-year-old professor of physics and astronomy Christoph K. Goertz, 45-year-old associate professor of physics and astronomy Robert Alan Smith, 44-year-old chairman of the physics and astronomy department Dwight R. Nicholson, 56-year-old associate vice president for academic affairs Dr. Theresa Anne Cleary were shot in the head and died the following day, and 27-year-old research investigator in physics and astronomy Dr. Shan Linhua. 23-year-old Miya Rodolfo-Sioson, Dr. Cleary's temporary student receptionist in the grievance office, survived but was left paralyzed from the neck down. Lu then shot himself in the head and died shortly after police arrived. [366] [367] [368] [369]
November 25, 1991	Brooklyn, New York	1	1	2	At Thomas Jefferson High School, During an argument between two teens, three shots were fired and a stray bullet killed a third, uninvolved 16-year-old student and a teacher, Robert Anderson, who was approaching to intervene was critically wounded. 14-year-old shooter Jason Bentley was sentenced to three to nine years in prison. [341] [370] [371] [372] [373]
1992
January 27, 1992	Jacksonville, Florida	0	0	0	A student fired a shot into the ceiling at Fort Caroline Middle School. They were arrested. [374]
January 29, 1992	Kent, Ohio	0	1	1	26-year-old graduate student Sarah Smith was shot and wounded in the chest as she was waiting for her husband to pick her up at Kent State University. [375]
January 29, 1992	Jacksonville, Florida	0	2	2	16-year-old Gerald Smith shot and wounded two 19-year-old students after an argument at William M. Raines High School. [374]
February 26, 1992	Brooklyn, New York	2	0	2	Thomas Jefferson High School second shooting: 15-year-old Kahlil Sumpter killed fellow students 16-year-old Tyrone Sinkler and 17-year-old Ian Moore on the school's second-floor hallway. [376] In 1993, he was sentenced to 6⅔ to 20 years in prison. He was released on parole in 1998. [341]
March 5, 1992	Obetz, Ohio	0	1	1	At Hamilton Middle School, 12-year-old Gordon W. Dye Jr. shot his bully, 14-year-old Gregg Johnson, in the head with a .22-caliber pistol in the school cafeteria. Johnson survived, and Dye was released to his parents and put on house arrest. [377]
March 9, 1992	Lancaster, Pennsylvania	1	0	1	At Carter MacRae Elementary School, 13-year-old student Ricardo Cruz fired a handgun at another classmate but missed and accidentally shot and killed 18-year-old Debbie Rivera. Cruz was sentenced to life without parole for the shooting but was resentenced in 2017 to 25 years to life and was immediately paroled. [378] [379] [380]
March 13, 1992	Oxon Hill, Maryland	0	0	0	A student fired a shot at another teenager inside Potomac High School. [381]
March 31, 1992	Algiers, Louisiana	1	0	1	15-year-old Jomo-Kenyetta Joseph was shot in the head and killed at O. Perry Walker High School during an early morning scuffle involving 10 boys from two rival neighborhoods, Herman Tureau who was also 15 fired the fatal shot and was sentenced to life in prison without parole but was resentenced and paroled. [382] [383]
April 23, 1992	Bloomington, Indiana	3 [n 3]	0	3	Indiana University graduate student Susan Clements was shot to death in her dorm by a former boyfriend before he committed suicide. A friend who attempted to intervene, Steven Molen, was also shot and critically injured; he died several days later. [384]
May 1, 1992	Olivehurst, California	4	10	14	Lindhurst High School shooting: Former student 20-year-old Eric Houston killed three students and one teacher and wounded nine other students and another teacher before surrendering to police. Houston was later sentenced to death and remains on California's death row. [238] [341]
September 11, 1992	Amarillo, Texas	0	7	7	Following a pep rally at Palo Duro High School, 17-year-old Randy Earl Matthews shot and wounded seven students with a .22-caliber pistol. Matthews had attended the school for nine days when the incident occurred and was believed to have been bullied at his previous school. Matthews was charged with one count of attempted murder, five counts of aggravated assault, and one count of unlawfully carrying a weapon onto school grounds. He was convicted and served eight years. [385]
October 19, 1992	The Bronx, New York	0	3	3	Two 14-year-old girls and a 16-year-old boy were shot outside a Bronx high school, the apparent result of a dispute between the gunman and the boy. The girls were bystanders. [386]
November 4, 1992	Detroit, Michigan	0	11	11	During a four-hour period, gunfire hit 11 students in three separate school incidents; five were hospitalized. Six students at Finney High School were grazed by buckshot after three ski-masked gunmen opened fire in a crowded hallway. A 14-year-old was in custody for shooting three Foch Middle School students as they passed by the Marcus Garvey Academy. In the third incident, 16-year-old DeWayne Boyd was hit in the chest when shots were fired at two Mumford High School students, one of which escaped injury after a bullet struck the students wallet. [387]
November 20, 1992	Canaryville, Illinois	1	2	3	15-year-old freshmen student DeLondyn Lawson, of Tilden High School was shot to death in a hallway on the school's second floor by 16-year-old student Joseph White. The shooting was ruled gang-related. In addition to killing Lawson, White who was a documented gang member, wounded two other students in the shooting. [388]
December 14, 1992	Great Barrington, Massachusetts	2	4	6	1992 Bard College at Simon's Rock shooting: Wayne Lo, a Taiwanese-born American, opened fire at Bard College at Simon's Rock. He killed one student and a professor and wounded four people. [389] Lo was sentenced to life in prison without parole for the murders.
1993
January 6, 1993	Brentwood, New York	0	1	1	Brentwood High School. Former student Matthew Hunter was shot and wounded by two gunmen during a basketball game between Brentwood High School and Sachem High School over a dispute about the theft of a gold chain. [390]
January 18, 1993	Grayson, Kentucky	2	0	2	East Carter High School shooting: 17-year-old Scott Pennington, a student at East Carter High School, fatally shot his 48-year-old English teacher, Deanna McDavid, and 52-year-old head custodian Marvin Hicks. [391] Pennington was sentenced to life in prison without parole for 25 years.
February 22, 1993	Reseda, California	1	0	1	15-year-old Robert Heard fatally shot 17-year-old Michael Shean Ensley in the corridor of the Reseda High School's science building. [392]
March 9, 1993	Gahanna, Ohio	0	0	0	16-year-old Cornell Stewart fired shots into the ceiling of Gahanna Lincoln High School's cafeteria, then brandished his gun at people nearby before fleeing and being arrested. [393]
April 15, 1993	Acushnet, Massachusetts	1	0	1	44-year-old David Taber entered Ford Middle School and took three hostages. During the hostage crisis, Taber killed school nurse Carol Day. Taber was found not guilty of the murder by reason of insanity. [341]
May 14, 1993	Irving, Texas	1	0	1	17-year-old Max Alexander Martinez shot and killed 17-year-old Jose Balderas with a .38-caliber revolver in a hallway in Nimitz High School during a dispute over girls. Martinez was sentenced to life in prison and was first eligible for parole in 2008 but remains incarcerated as of 2020. [394] [395] [396]
May 24, 1993	Pennsburg, Pennsylvania	1	0	1	15-year-old student Jason Smith killed 16-year-old Michael Swann, another student who had bullied him at Upper Perkiomen High School. He was charged as an adult and sentenced to between 12 and 25 years in prison. [341] [397]
May 27, 1993	St. Claude, Louisiana	1	0	1	17-year-old Shon Williams fired 10 shots in the Frederick A. Douglass High School schoolyard which took the life of 15-year-old student Gerald Dordain. [398] [399] [400] [401]
July 13, 1993	Ogden, Utah	1 [n 3]	3	4	Student Mark Duong, a senior at Weber State University, opened fire at a grievance hearing with a semi-automatic handgun. Duong wounded three people in the shooting, including a police officer; the officer subsequently returned fire and killed Duong. [402] Duong was attending the grievance hearing due to an accusation of sexual harassment by a female classmate.
September 2, 1993	Junction City, Kansas	0	1	1	A 15-year-old boy fired a gun at a male student in the cafeteria after an argument between the two. A 14-year-old girl who was not involved in the fight was non-fatally struck in the head. [403] [404] [405]
September 17, 1993	Darien, Illinois	1	0	1	15-year-old Phillip Powell killed 17-year-old Barrett Modisette at the Hinsdale South High School parking lot. Powell was a self-described gang member. Powell was tried as an adult and was sentenced to 37 years in prison in 1994. [406]
September 17, 1993	Sheridan, Wyoming	1 [n 3]	4	5	29-year-old Kevin Newman opened fire with a 9mm Ruger P85 handgun on a group of about 30 middle schoolers gathered on a soccer field outside Central Junior High School. Newman fired a total of 23 shots and wounded four students before committing suicide. A suicide note left by Newman indicated extreme mental disturbance and his belief that he was an "evil person". He had been discharged from the navy 10 days earlier and had a history of misdemeanor offenses. [407]
November 4, 1993	New Britain, Connecticut	1	0	1	18-year-old Miguel DeJesus was shot and killed on the steps of New Britain High School. [408] Rival gang members, 24-year-old Maurice Flanagan and 23-year-old Thomas Mejia, were convicted and sentenced to 15 years in prison. [409] [410]
November 24, 1993	Fort Lauderdale, Florida	0	0	0	17-year-old Dillard High School student Marvin Jones fired a shot at an assistant principal after she suspended him. He fled the scene and was later arrested. [411]
December 1, 1993	Wauwatosa, Wisconsin	1	0	1	Wauwatosa West High School shooting: 21-year-old former student Leonard D. McDowell shot 46-year-old associate principal Dale Breitlow three times in a hallway of Wauwatosa West High School. [395] [412] McDowell was found guilty of the murder and was sentenced to life in prison. [341] His sentence was upheld by the state Court of Appeals in April 1997. [413]
December 17, 1993	Chelsea, Michigan	1	2	3	Stephen Leith, a disgruntled Chelsea High School teacher shot and killed the school district's superintendent and also wounded a principal and another teacher. [414] Leith was sentenced to life without parole. [273]
1994
January 24, 1994	Columbia, South Carolina	1	0	1	18-year-old Floyd Eugene Brown shot fellow Eau Claire High School student 17-year-old Earnest Dunlap following an argument the week before. Brown was arrested shortly after at his home. [415] A jury later acquitted Brown of murder. [416]
January 31, 1994	Blue Ridge, Washington	1	0	1	24-year-old Darrell Cloud, a former student at Whitman Middle School in North Seattle, Washington killed 45-year-old teacher Neal Summers, who had sexually abused Cloud since he was 13. Cloud served nine years in prison. He later received a $250,000 settlement in a civil suit against Seattle Schools, charging that Summers had not been adequately supervised. [417]
February 7, 1994	Fort Myers, Florida	2 [n 3]	0	2	48-year-old former Cypress Lake Middle School special ed teacher Larry Ray Shelton went to the Lee County School District office to talk with superintendent 57-year-old James A. Adams but then shot him six times with a .38-caliber handgun, killing him. Larry then walked out of the office and out of the building then walked to a nearby parking lot and committed suicide. [418] [419]
February 8, 1994	Osborn, Michigan	1	0	1	At the student parking lot of Osborn High School 19-year-old special ed student Steven Watkins was shot in his car by an unknown assailant and died from his injuries. [273] [420]
February 14, 1994	Belmont, California	1	0	1	At Carlmont High School Edwin Sims, 15, and Gile W., 15, were arguing about who had the bigger gun when Sims pulled out a BB gun while Gile W. pulled out a real gun and killed Edwin, The boys had a history of feuds with one another. [421] [418]
February 18, 1994	Spartanburg, South Carolina	0	1	1	24-year-old Roosevelt Johnson was shot in the leg after a basketball game at Spartanburg High School. [422]
March 1, 1994	Boonville, Missouri	2	0	2	33-year-old Dante D. Hayes, a hunter and ex-convict, killed 58-year-old Richard Vancena, a cafeteria manager, and 33-year-old Robin Michelle Coleman, a cook, in the mess hall of Kemper Military School and College. He was drunk and looking for his wife Anna Hayes with whom he had had a fight the night before. No students were harmed. [423] Hayes was later convicted of two counts of murder and sentenced to life without parole. [424]
March 1, 1994	Ensley, Alabama	0	1	1	At Ensley High School 17-year-old Walter Westbrook II, a member of the Disciples gang shot 15-year-old Andre Allen, a member of the Crips. Allen survived, Westbrook was convicted of attempted murder and sentenced to 20 years in prison. [425] [418]
March 9, 1994	Washington, D.C.	0	1	1	At Eastern High School 17-year-old Cornell Andrew Cheeks Jr. Shot 17-year-old Jeremy Cook, Cheeks then fled the school and turned himself in the police station. Cook survived his injuries. [426] [418]
March 15, 1994	Goose Creek, South Carolina	1	0	1	While watching a fistfight between students after class at Goose Creek High School, 18-year-old Michael Ryan Spann was shot and killed by a student that attended another school. [427] [428] [418]
March 23, 1994	Ballard, Washington	1	1	2	At Ballard High School during a drive-by shooting, 16-year-old Melissa Fernandez was fatally shot and a 16-year-old male student received minor injuries. The shooting was believed to be gang-related. Later in the year, police arrested Brian Ronquillo, 16, and Cesar Sarausad, 19, for the shooting. Brian, who was the trigger man was convicted of first degree murder and was sentenced to 52 years in prison and Cesar, who drove the car was convicted of second degree murder and was sentenced to more than 27 years in prison. [429] [418] [430]
April 5, 1994	Austin, Texas	0	2	2	At McNeil High School, a student brought a 9mm pistol to the school and showed it off to a classmate. As he did the gun fired, shot through a wall and injured two students. Three 16-year-old boys were arrested for the incident. [418]
April 8, 1994	Upper Marlboro, Maryland	0	1	1	At Largo High School, 45-year-old arts teacher Barrington Miles was shot in the chest at the boys restroom by 17-year-old student Warren Emmanuel Graham with a 9mm semiautomatic Beretta pistol he had stolen from his police officer father that morning in an attempt to sell it to students. Warren fled the school and was arrested at a friend's house. He was convicted in adult court of intent to murder, possession of a firearm on school property and use of a firearm in the commission of a felony. [431] [418]
April 12, 1994	Butte, Montana	1	0	1	10-year-old James Osmanson, teased because his parents had AIDS, brought a gun to school and tried to shoot his bully but missed and killed a different student, 11-year-old Jeremy Bullock, on the playground of Margaret Leary Elementary School. Osmanson was sent to a private residential treatment center. [341] [395] [432] In 2016, James Osmanson, whose name had changed at that point, was convicted of possessing child pornography and given probation. [433]
April 19, 1994	Washington, D.C.	1	0	1	At Eliot Junior High School, 21-year-old Louis Edward Lehear was shot to death. [434]
April 21, 1994	Nashville, Tennessee	1	0	1	14-year-old Jeremy Bryant shot and killed 13-year-old Terrence Murray at J.T. Moore Middle School. [435]
April 21, 1994	North Miami, Florida	1	0	1	At North Miami High School, 18-year-old Tyhno Rock was showing his friends a .380-caliber semiautomatic pistol at lunch, then accidentally fired it at 18-year-old Edvard Alvonor's chest; he who died two days later. [418] [436]
July 21, 1994	Ardmore, Pennsylvania	1	0	1	At the Ardmore Child Care Center, 40-year-old teacher Diane Morse was killed by her former friend 36-year-old Arcelia Trumaine Stoval who had a history of mental illness. Arcelia was convicted of first degree murder and is serving a life sentence. [418] [437]
July 24, 1994	Manchester, Pennsylvania	1	0	1	A feud between Scott Walker, 15, and Randy Hawkins, 19, climaxed when walker shot Hawkins to death on the Manchester elementary school basketball court. [418] Walker was originally sentenced to life without parole for the shooting but was resentenced On April 26, 2018, to 35 years to life. [438] [439]
July 25, 1994	Ottumwa, Iowa	1	0	1	At Ottumwa High School, 16-year-old Michael Coffman shot and killed 15-year-old Jeramy Wayne Allen after the two boys argued earlier that day. Coffman was originally sentenced to life without parole for the shooting but was resentenced in February 2017 to life in prison with chance of parole. [418] [440] [441]
October 5, 1994	Folsom, Louisiana	0	0	0	A 13-year-old Folsom Junior High School student fired shots from a .22-caliber pistol and waved his gun around on school grounds before being subdued and arrested. [442]
October 12, 1994	Greensboro, North Carolina	1 [n 3]	1	2	After being suspended for smoking, 16-year-old Nicholas Atkinson returned to Grimsley High School with a 9 mm pistol. After wounding assistant principal Bill Whites, Atkinson took his own life. [238] [443] [444]
October 17, 1994	West Lawn, Illinois	0	1	1	A 16-year-old female student was shot in the thigh outside Hubbard High School when a teenage boy rode past on a bicycle and fired into a crowd. It is believed the shooting was meant for rival gang members, but the girl was hit instead. The boy lived in the neighborhood. [445]
November 7, 1994	Wickliffe, Ohio	1	5 [n 3]	6	Wickliffe Middle School shooting: 37-year-old former student Keith A. Ledeger killed 41-year-old custodian Pete Christopher at Wickliffe Middle School and wounded 47-year-old assistant principal Jim Anderson, 47-year-old police officer Thomas Schmidt, and 50-year-old teacher Lowell Grimm. He then exchanged shots with police before being injured and taken into custody. [341] [395] [446] Ledeger was sentenced to 57 years in prison and died in prison of natural causes in 2011. [447]
December 14, 1994	Albany, New York	0	1	1	Ralph J. Tortorici, 26, a military veteran and psychology major at the State University of New York at Albany, held hostage a large lecture hall. Tortorici, armed with a .270-caliber rifle with more than two dozen rounds of ammunition and a hunting knife, walked into the ancient history class of Hans Pohlsander, saying, "Don't worry. Nobody move. You guys are getting held hostage." The standoff ended when Tortorici had his gun taken away by 19-year-old student Jason McEnaney, who was shot in the leg, groin, and abdomen in the exchange. Tortorici, who suffered from a well-documented history of mental illness, argued during the hostage crisis that the government had implanted a control chip in his head during a procedure at Albany Medical Center. He committed suicide in 1999 in prison while serving a 15½-year sentence. [448] [449] [450] [451]
1995
January 6, 1995	Washington, D.C.	1	0	1	A 16-year-old sophomore at Cardozo High School was fatally shot at an entrance to the school, allegedly by a 14-year-old freshman with whom he had been arguing. [452]
January 12, 1995	Seattle, Washington	0	2	2	A 15-year-old student at Garfield High School left school during the day and returned with his grandfather's handgun. He wounded two students. [453]
January 26, 1995	Chapel Hill, North Carolina	2	2	4	A law student shot four people, two fatally, on and near the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill campus. [454] [455]
January 30, 1995	Pleasant Grove, Texas	0	0	0	A 13-year-old Fred F. Florence Middle School student fired a handgun repeatedly inside the school before barricading himself in a room for almost two hours. He was arrested. [456]
February 8, 1995	Chadron, Nebraska	0	1	1	A 7th-grade student walked into a classroom and shot 35-year-old Andy Pope, a social studies teacher in the upper chest at Chadron Middle School. [457]
March 27, 1995	Detroit, Michigan	0	3	3	At Pershing High School, a student was shot in the hallway. Later the same day, a student was shot in the hallway of Denby High School and a student was shot by the security desk at Redford Union High School. All shootings were initially believed to be gang-related. [458]
August 29, 1995	Laredo, Texas	1	0	1	Armed with a sawn-off shotgun, 12-year-old Jonah Inverson shot and killed 12-year-old Elizabeth Rivera, who had turned down Inverson's request to go out with him, in a restroom at Memorial Middle School. [335]
September 12, 1995	Memphis, Tennessee	1	0	1	At Cypress Junior High School two students jumped another student who retaliated with a gun and shot one of his attackers who later died. [459] [460] [420] [461] [462] [463] [464]
September 14, 1995	Olathe, Kansas	2	4	6	During a football game at Olathe North High School, a student from Shawnee Mission North High School drove by the students and fired at them with a .22-caliber Jennings semiautomatic handgun which killed an Olathe North student and the students cousin. [465] [466] [467]
September 29, 1995	Tavares, Florida	1	0	1	14-year-old student Keith E. Johnson killed 13-year-old Joey Summerall at Tavares Middle School with a handgun he had stolen from his neighbor's home. He was convicted and sentenced to life in prison without the possibility of parole. [468]
October 12, 1995	Blackville, South Carolina	2 [n 3]	1	3	Blackville-Hilda High School shooting: Suspended student 16-year-old Toby R. Sincino killed 56-year-old math teacher Phyllis Senn and wounded 38-year-old math teacher Johnny Thompson before committing suicide at Blackville-Hilda High School. [341] [395] [469] [470]
November 15, 1995	Lynnville, Tennessee	2	1	3	Richland High School shooting: 17-year-old James Rouse killed a student and teacher at Richland High School and seriously wounded another teacher with a rifle. Rouse was later sentenced to life in prison without parole. [341] [469] [471]
1996
January 19, 1996	Washington, D.C.	1	0	1	Two masked gunmen killed 14-year-old Damion Blocker in a stairwell at Winston Education Center. One shooter, 16-year-old Darrick Evans, was sentenced to 41 years to life in prison. [341]
February 2, 1996	Moses Lake, Washington	3	1	4	Frontier Middle School shooting: 14-year-old Barry Loukaitis killed a teacher and two students and wounded another student when he opened fire on his algebra class. [471] [472]
February 8, 1996	Palo Alto, California	1 [n 3]	1	2	At Mid-Peninsula High School, a student drove onto the basketball court of his Palo Alto high school, tossed a handful of money out of the car window and then opened fire on the students who had hurried over to grab the bills injuring one student then committed suicide. [473] [474]
February 22, 1996	Savannah, Georgia	1	0	1	At Jenkins High School, Keith Antwone Green shot and killed Dwayne Cedric Martin. [475] [476] [477] [478]
February 29, 1996	St. Louis, Missouri	2	1	3	30-year-old Mark Boyd hired 23-year-old Malik Nettles to kill 15-year-old Kyunia Taylor as she rode on a school bus bound for Beaumont High School. Taylor was pregnant with a child fathered by Boyd; a baby girl was delivered by emergency caesarean section, but died 23 days later. The bus driver was also shot but survived. [479] Both Boyd and Nettles were convicted of murder. Boyd was sentenced to 26 years while Nettles was sentenced to life without parole. [480]
March 19, 1996	North Las Vegas, Nevada	0	2	2	At Swainston Middle School, two students were shot by another student with a pellet gun. [481]
May 14, 1996	South Jordan, Utah	1 [n 3]	1	2	On a school bus bound for Bingham Middle School, 15-year-old student Justin Allgood shot and wounded the bus driver and started driving the bus himself and led police on a high-speed chase before crashing into a house. Allgood then committed suicide. [482]
July 26, 1996	Franklin Hills, California	0	2	2	Two students were shot and injured in a stairwell at John Marshall High School. [483]
August 15, 1996	San Diego, California	3	0	3	San Diego State University shooting: At San Diego State University, 36-year-old graduate student Frederick Martin Davidson killed three professors, 32-year-old Chen Liang, 44-year-old D. Preston Lowrey III, and 36-year-old Costas Lyrintzis, whom he believed were involved in a conspiracy against him. [471] [484] [485] Davidson was sentenced to serve three life terms without parole. [486]
September 17, 1996	State College, Pennsylvania	1	2	3	19-year-old Jillian Robbins killed one student and injured two outside Pennsylvania State University's HUB–Robeson Center. [471] [487] [488] Robbins was sentenced to between 30 and 60 years in prison. [489]
September 25, 1996	Decatur, Georgia	1	2	3	16-year-old David Dubose Jr. killed English teacher Horace Morgan on the steps of Dekalb Alternative School. Dubose was found not guilty by reason of insanity and was committed indefinitely to a state mental hospital. [209]
October 9, 1996	Sherwood, Arkansas	1	0	1	14-year-old Willis Ward Johnson killed 20-year-old James Earl Routt as they rode a school bus. [490] He pleaded guilty to first-degree murder and was sentenced to 46 years in prison. [491]
October 16, 1996	West Lafayette, Indiana	2 [n 3]	0	2	18-year-old Jarrod Allan Eskew killed 27-year-old Jay Severson, his Wiley Hall dorm counselor, and himself after being found with drugs the previous day. [492] [493] [494] [495]
1997
January 27, 1997	West Palm Beach, Florida	1	0	1	14-year-old Conniston Middle School student Tronneal Mangum fatally shot 14-year-old classmate John Pierre Kamel over a $40 debt. [496] He was originally sentenced to life in prison, later reduced to 40 years and again to 25 years. [497] [498]
February 19, 1997	Bethel, Alaska	2	2	4	1997 Bethel Regional High School shooting: 16-year-old student Evan Ramsey killed Bethel Regional High School principal Ron Edwards and 15-year-old student Joshua Palacios and wounded two other students. After a brief shootout with a responding police officer, Ramsey decided to surrender. He was later sentenced to 198 years in prison. [471] [499]
March 17, 1997	Detroit, Michigan	1	0	1	16-year-old Kenny Baumgart was shot and killed by 16-year-old Darrell Hagerman while walking away from a dispute in the Pershing High School parking lot. [500]
October 1, 1997	Pearl, Mississippi	3	7	10	1997 Pearl High School shooting: 16-year-old Luke Woodham murdered his 50-year-old mother, Mary, at home before killing his ex-girlfriend, 16-year-old student Christina Menefee, and 17-year-old student Lydia Kaye Dew, then wounding seven others at Pearl High School. Woodham was sentenced to life in prison. [471] [501] [502] [503]
October 15, 1997	Palmetto, Florida	0	1	1	After an argument between them the day before, 13-year-old Brandon Hartsoe took a .38 revolver from his mother's dresser drawer and shot 13-year-old Lincoln Middle School classmate Trent Murray in the back, causing serious injury, then continued to fire three more shots in the general area of other students. [504] Hartsoe was sentenced in 1998 to serve until his 18th birthday. [505]
December 1, 1997	West Paducah, Kentucky	3	5	8	1997 Heath High School shooting: Three students were killed and five wounded by 14-year-old Michael Carneal as they participated in a prayer circle. Carneal was sentenced to life in prison with the possibility of parole after 25 years.
December 15, 1997	Stamps, Arkansas	0	2	2	Concealed in a wooded area on school grounds, 14-year-old Joseph "Colt" Todd wounded two students as they were entering Stamps High School. [471] [506]
1998
March 24, 1998	Craighead County, Arkansas	5	10	15	1998 Westside Middle School shooting: 13-year-old Mitchell Johnson and 11-year-old Andrew Golden killed a teacher and four students and wounded 10 others as Westside Middle School emptied during a fire alarm intentionally set off by Golden. Both shooters were sentenced to confinement until their 21st birthdays. [507] [508]
April 15, 1998	Grand Terrace, California	0	0	0	A 15-year-old student armed with a semi-automatic handgun fired shots inside a classroom at The Advocate School, a school for special needs students. He was subdued by staff and arrested. [509]
April 24, 1998	Edinboro, Pennsylvania	1	3	4	1998 Parker Middle School dance shooting: 14-year-old student Andrew Wurst fatally shot 48-year-old teacher John Gillette and wounded two students and another teacher at an 8th-grade graduation dance. He is serving a 30- to 60-year sentence in a prison for young offenders. [508] [510]
May 19, 1998	Fayetteville, Tennessee	1	0	1	18-year-old Jacob Lee Davis shot 18-year-old Robert Creson at Lincoln County High School in a dispute over a girl. [511] Davis received a life sentence on July 29, 1999, and will be eligible for parole in May 19, 2049. [512] [513]
May 21, 1998	Springfield, Oregon	4	25	29	Thurston High School shooting: After killing his parents at home, 15-year-old Kip Kinkel drove to Thurston High School, where he killed two students and wounded 25 others. [508] After pleading guilty, he was sentenced to 111 years in prison. [514]
June 15, 1998	Richmond, Virginia	0	2	2	14-year-old student Quinshawn Brooker wounded 45-year-old basketball coach and history teacher Gregory Carter and 74-year-old Head Start volunteer Eloise Wilson in the hallway of Armstrong High School. [508] [515]
September 29, 1998	North Miami, Florida	0	3	3	Two teenagers shot and wounded three people at North Miami Senior High School before fleeing. [516]
December 10, 1998	Detroit, Michigan	1	0	1	52-year-old Professor Andrzej Olbrot was killed by 48-year-old graduate doctoral student Wlodzimierz Dedecjusat at Wayne State University. [517]
1999
January 8, 1999	Carrollton, Georgia	2 [n 2]	0	2	15-year-old Andrea Garrett was found dead and 17-year-old Jeff Miller seriously wounded in the girls' restroom at Central High School as part of a suspected suicide pact. Miller died the next day. [518] [519]
April 16, 1999	Notus, Idaho	0	1	1	15-year-old Shawn Cooper of Notus, Idaho took a 12-gauge shot gun to school and started firing, injuring one student and holding the school hostage for about 20 minutes. [520]
April 20, 1999	Littleton, Colorado	15 [n 2]	24	39	Columbine High School massacre: 18-year-old Eric Harris and 17-year-old Dylan Klebold, students at Columbine High School, killed 12 students and one teacher. They injured 21 additional people, and three more were injured while attempting to escape the school. The pair committed suicide in the library after a brief gunfight with police at the end of the massacre. It was the deadliest mass shooting at a high school in U.S. history until it was surpassed by the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting in February 2018. [508] [521]
May 20, 1999	Conyers, Georgia	0	6	6	15-year-old student Thomas "T.J." Solomon Jr. wounded six students at Heritage High School. A 15-year-old girl was hospitalized in critical condition, and the other victims suffered from non-life-threatening injuries. [508] Solomon initially faced up to 351 years of prison if convicted of aggravated assault and other charges. In 2000, he was found guilty but mentally ill and was sentenced to 40 years in prison and 65 years of probation. [522]
November 19, 1999	Deming, New Mexico	1	0	1	13-year-old Victor Cordova Jr. fatally shot 13-year-old Deming Middle School schoolmate Araceli Tena. Cordova said he had intended to commit suicide but was jostled by others and his gun moved. [508] [523] He could not be charged as an adult as he was under 14, so he received the maximum sentence for a juvenile: a minimum of two years in prison, with a maximum of being held until his 21st birthday. [524] [525] In December 2003, he was released to his aunt and uncle to live with them in Colorado. [526]
December 6, 1999	Fort Gibson, Oklahoma	0	6	6	13-year-old Seth Trickey opened fire in the courtyard of his middle school using a gun brought from home. While there were no fatalities, several students felt sparks from the bullets hitting the building walls. Five were injured, including a girl who was shot in the face. [508] [527] He was tried as a juvenile and released in March 2005. [528]

Total number of 20th century incidents listed here:348

See also

• Enoch Brown school massacre (1764), the earliest school shooting in American history
• List of school shootings in the United States by death toll
• List of school shootings in the United States (2000–present)
• List of school-related attacks
• Mass shootings in the United States
• List of mass shootings in the United States
• List of unsuccessful attacks related to schools

Notes

1. Including one of the perpetrators
2. Including both perpetrators
3. Including the suspect or perpetrator
4. One by gunfire

References

1. "John Anthony Gardner Davis – Biographical Information". University of Virginia School of Law – Arthur J. Morris Law Library. Archived from the original on May 5, 2016.
2. "Painful Occurrence". Richmond Enquirer, Volume 37, Number 58 (Richmond, Virginia). November 17, 1840. p. 2. Archived from the original on November 29, 2016.
3. "Serious Case of Shooting—Navigation". The New York Times . November 3, 1853.
4. "School Master Murdered". The Daily Dispatch, Volume 10, Number 41 (Richmond, Virginia). August 16, 1856. p. 2. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016.
5. "Fourth Of July North". The Daily Dispatch, Volume 14, Number 5 (Richmond, Virginia). July 7, 1858. p. 2. Archived from the original on June 2, 2016.
6. "One School Boy Shoots Another Dead". The Daily Dispatch, Volume 17, Number 22 (Richmond, Virginia). January 26, 1860. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 2, 2016.
7. "Murder In Ashland County". Cleveland Tri-weekly Leader, Volume 18, Number 31 (Cleveland, Ohio). February 6, 1864. p. 4. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016.
8. columnist, Sarah Kearns Local. "Ashland Memories: Tragedy at Pifer School". Ashland Times-Gazette. Retrieved November 4, 2023.
9. "Terrible Shooting Affray at Knight's Ferry". The Daily Alta California, Volume 19, Number 7084 (San Francisco, California). February 17, 1867. p. 1. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016.
10. "Brevities". Memphis Daily Appeal, Volume 17, Number 219 (Memphis, Tennessee). April 9, 1867. p. 4. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016.
11. "A Boy Shot By His Schoolfellow-A Curlous Affair". The New York Times . June 9, 1867.
12. "Sad Accident". Knoxville Daily Chronicle, Volume 1, Number 230 (Knoxville, Tennessee). January 28, 1871. p. 4. Archived from the original on March 23, 2016.
13. "A School Principal Shot by a Boy". The Sun, Volume 39, Number 129 (New York City). February 2, 1872. p. 1. Archived from the original on April 20, 2016.
14. "A Wisconsin father". The Daily Phoenix, Volume 8, Number 277 (Columbia, North Carolina). February 11, 1873. p. 3. Archived from the original on March 23, 2016.
15. "One day last week". Nebraska Advertiser, Volume 18, Number 35 (Brownville, Nebraska) 1856–1882. February 26, 1874. p. 2. Archived from the original on March 23, 2016.
16. "Accidents and Crimes". Mower County Transcript, Volume 12, Number 2 (Lansing, Minnesota). April 16, 1874. p. 1. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016.
17. "The Lebanon Tragedy". Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 47, Number 7191 (Sacramento, California). April 22, 1874. p. 1. Archived from the original on April 19, 2016.
18. "The shooting of one school boy by another". Daily Globe, Volume 1, Number 132 (St. Paul, Minnesota). May 26, 1878. p. 4. Archived from the original on March 23, 2016.
19. "Shot by a Telegraph Operator". The New York Times . May 26, 1879.
20. "Local Brevities". Los Angeles Daily Herald, Volume 16, Number 88 (Los Angeles, California). December 2, 1881. p. 3.
21. "By Telegraph". Daily Evening Bulletin, Volume 1, Number 27 (Maysville, Kentucky). December 22, 1881. p. 2. Archived from the original on June 5, 2016.
22. "Savonburg Siftings". The Iola Register, Volume 16, Number 8 (Iola, Kansas). February 10, 1882. p. 4. Archived from the original on June 2, 2016.
23. "Condensed Telegrams". The Milan Exchange, Volume 9, Number 7 (Milan, Tennessee). April 15, 1882. p. 2. Archived from the original on June 5, 2016.
24. "Criminally Careless". Omaha Daily Bee, Volume 12, Number 264 (Omaha, Nebraska). February 16, 1883. p. 8. Archived from the original on June 10, 2016.
25. "More Ruffianism". Barbour County Index, Volume 4, Number 25 (Medicine Lodge, Kansas). November 23, 1883. p. 1. Archived from the original on May 31, 2016.
26. "School-Butter!". Mississippi Library Commission. April 11, 2011. Archived from the original on January 31, 2016.
27. "Wamack at Danville Va". The Austin Weekly Statesman, Volume 13, Number 26 (Austin, Texas). February 28, 1884. p. 2. Archived from the original on June 5, 2016.
28. "Another "Jesse James" Gang". The New York Times . March 7, 1884.
29. "A Teacher Shot Dead". The New York Times . June 12, 1887.
30. "Shooting Into A Schoolhouse". The New York Times . June 14, 1889.
31. "Shot by Schoolboy". The Daily Alta California, Volume 82, Number 115 (San Francisco, California). April 25, 1890. p. 5. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016.
32. "Fatal Accident at a Military School". The Daily Alta California, Volume 83, Number 181 (San Francisco, California). December 28, 1890. p. 4. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016.
33. "Fourteen Persons Wounded". The Daily Alta California, Volume 84, Number 90 (San Francisco, California). March 31, 1891. p. 1. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016.
34. "Fired Into A Group Of Children" (PDF). The New York Times . April 10, 1891.
35. "Shot to Death at a Dance". The Morning Call, Volume 73, Number 117 (San Francisco, California). March 27, 1893. p. 1. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016.
36. "Virginia Hoodlums". The Herald, Volume 26, Number 74 (Los Angeles, California). December 13, 1898. p. 3. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016.
37. "Boy Shot by Teacher is Dead". The New York Times . February 28, 1903.
38. "Duelists Fatally Shot". Los Angeles Herald, Volume 30, Number 288 (Los Angeles, California). July 22, 1903. p. 1. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016.
39. "Tragedy Ends Rivalry For Schoolgirl's Love". The San Francisco Call, Volume 95, Number 129 (San Francisco, California). April 7, 1904. p. 4. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016.
40. "Indian Lad Kills Schoolmate". The San Francisco Call, Volume 96, Number 170 (San Francisco, California). November 17, 1904. p. 7. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016.
41. "High School Principal Shoots Irate Parent". The San Francisco Call, Volume 97, Number 17 (San Francisco, California). December 17, 1904. p. 6. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016.
42. "Pupil Shoots Trustee". Los Angeles Herald, Volume 32, Number 132 (Los Angeles, California). February 10, 1905. p. 4. Archived from the original on April 19, 2016.
43. "Tragedy in Schoolroom" (PDF). The Winona Republican-Herald, Volume 7, Number 30 (Winona, Minnesota). March 23, 1907. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 4, 2016.
44. "Schoolboy Shot Dead by Pupils at Drill". Los Angeles Herald, Volume 35, Number 80 (Los Angeles, California). December 21, 1907. p. 9. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016.
45. "Janitor Shot At As He Unlocks Door Of School". The Carroll Herald, Volume 40, Number 14 (Carroll, Iowa). January 15, 1908. p. 6.
46. "Two Teachers Found Dead". The Kingston Daily Freeman, Volume 37, Number 117 (Kingston, New York). March 11, 1908. p. 3. Archived from the original on April 25, 2016.
47. "Villain in Amateur Show Shot by Hero". The San Francisco Call, Volume 105, Number 110 (San Francisco, California). March 20, 1909. p. 5. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016.
48. "Sunday School Boy Kills Superintendent". The San Francisco Call, Volume 106, Number 11 (San Francisco, California). June 11, 1909. p. 1. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016.
49. "Teacher Slays Pupil Who Would Run School". Los Angeles Herald, Volume 36, Number 346 (Los Angeles, California). September 12, 1909. p. 11. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016.
50. "Maniac Shoots Into Crowd of School Boys". Los Angeles Herald, Volume 37, Number 104 (Los Angeles, California). January 13, 1910. p. 16. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016.
51. "Kentucky School Election Kills One". The San Francisco Call, Volume 108, Number 78 (San Francisco, California). August 17, 1910. p. 6. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016.
52. "Girl is Shot Down in Rehearsal of Play". The San Francisco Call, Volume 109, Number 149 (San Francisco, California). April 28, 1911. p. 2. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016.
53. "Boy Killed In Fight". Los Angeles Evening Herald, Volume 38, Number 110 (Los Angeles, California). February 1, 1912. p. 1. Archived from the original on April 19, 2016.
54. "Boy Is Slain By Chinese Gunman". The San Francisco Call, Volume 111, Number 64 (San Francisco, California). February 2, 1912. p. 1. Archived from the original on April 19, 2016.
55. "14-year-old Poughkeepsie Boy Accidentally Shoots Playmate". The New York Times . February 17, 1912.
56. "Ever Hear of Such Things?". The Washington Herald, Number 2964 (Washington, D.C.). November 20, 1914. p. 2. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016.
57. "Youth, 15, Shoots Up Schoolroom". Los Angeles Herald. December 1, 1914. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
58. "Shoots Brother". The Tacoma Times, Volume 12, Number 21 (Tacoma, Washington). January 13, 1915. p. 3. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016.
59. "Whipping Of Pupil Causes Fatal Fight". The Spartanburg Herald (Spartanburg, South Carolina). February 5, 1915. p. 8.
60. "Posse After Teacher's Assailant". The Bemidji Daily Pioneer, Volume 14, Number 229 (Bemidji, Minnesota). September 22, 1916. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 5, 2016.
61. "Girl Driven Into Woods at Point of Gun". Oklahoma City Times, Volume 28, Number 150 (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma). September 23, 1916. p. 1. Archived from the original on April 19, 2016.
62. "Fatal Fight in Casey County". The Adair County News, Volume 20, Number 11 (Columbia, Kentucky). January 10, 1917. p. 2. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016.
63. "Boy Accidentally Shot". Harrisburg Telegraph, Volume 86, Number 135 (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania). June 6, 1917. p. 11. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016.
64. "Burglars Careers Ended". The Daily Gate City And Constitution-Democrat, Volume 125, Number 101 (Keokuk, Iowa). October 29, 1917. p. 8. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016.
65. "Shooting at Manes". Mansfield Mirror, Volume 9, Number 42 (Mansfield, Missouri). December 6, 1917. p. 8. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016.
66. "Murder At Lincoln Institute". The Kansas City Sun, Volume 10, Number 32 (Kansas City, Missouri). April 6, 1918. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 9, 2016.
67. "Brief State News". The Ward County Independent, Volume 16, Number 52 (Minot, North Dakota). April 11, 1918. p. 10. Archived from the original on March 13, 2016.
68. "Shot at a School". Monroe City Democrat, Volume 31, Number 40 (Monroe City, Missouri). January 10, 1919. p. 8. Archived from the original on June 9, 2016.
69. "Boys Imitate Bill Hart And Do Strange Things Which Bring Them Into Court". The Ogden Standard, Volume 49, Number 95 (Ogden, Utah). April 21, 1919. p. 6. Archived from the original on June 4, 2016.
70. "Refused Position, Man Attempts Life Of Two Professors". The Sacramento Union, Volume 209, Number 36 (Sacramento, California). August 5, 1919. p. 1. Archived from the original on April 16, 2016.
71. "School Teacher Shot By Pupils Is In Very Dangerous Condition". Daily Ardmoreite, Volume 27, Number 109 (Ardmore, Oklahoma). February 15, 1920. p. 1. Archived from the original on April 19, 2016.
72. "Angered By Teacher, Boy Shoots Girl". The Bismarck Tribune, Volume 39 (Bismarck, North Dakota). March 4, 1920. p. 8. Archived from the original on June 3, 2016.
73. "Boy Shot At Teacher". The Watchman and Southron, Volume 50, Number 24 (Sumter, South Carolina). May 5, 1920. p. 6. Archived from the original on June 9, 2016.
74. "Starters Shot Kills Woman Viewing Race". Sausalito News, Volume 36, Number 20 (Sausalito, California). May 15, 1920. p. 2. Archived from the original on April 19, 2016.
75. "Police Probe Lad's Shooting". The Ogden Standard-Examiner, Volume 50, Number 197 (Ogden, Utah). August 1, 1920. p. 2. Archived from the original on June 4, 2016.
76. "Spanks Boy, Teacher Shot". The Morning Tulsa Daily World, Volume 15, Number 25 (Tulsa, Oklahoma). October 23, 1920. p. 1. Archived from the original on April 19, 2016.
77. "School Principal Shot For Whipping Student". The Ogden Standard-Examiner, Volume 50, Number 268 (Ogden, Utah). November 5, 1920. p. 1. Archived from the original on June 4, 2016.
78. "Flashes". The Daily Ardmoreite, Volume 29, Number 42 (Ardmore, Oklahoma). February 17, 1922. p. 1. Archived from the original on April 19, 2016.
79. "To Probe Guin Shooting". The Daily Ardmoreite, Volume 29, Number 151 (Ardmore, Oklahoma). August 1, 1922. p. 1. Archived from the original on April 19, 2016.
80. "Janitor Unaware He Shot Youth At College Gym". The Star and Sentinel, Volume 126, Number 48 (Gettysburg, Pennsylvania). January 1, 1927. p. 3.
81. "No, Mr. Huckabee, It's Not Because God Has Been Removed From Schools". The Huffington Post (New York City). May 28, 1931. Archived from the original on March 22, 2016.
82. "Duluth Teacher Killed by an "Unloaded" Gun" (PDF). The Winona Republican-Herald, Volume 31, Number 80 (Winona, Minnesota). May 28, 1931. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 4, 2016.
83. "Elliot Speer, Moody School Head, Slain by Shot Fired Through Window of Home". The New York Times . September 15, 1934.
84. "Lehigh Man Kills Teacher and Self". The New York Times . June 5, 1936.
85. "School Boy Killed in Play Rehearsal". Reading Eagle, Volume 70, Number 128 (Reading, Pennsylvania). June 4, 1937. p. 16.
86. "Teacher Shot by Boy to File No Charges". The New York Times . September 26, 1937.
87. "School websites". The Winona Republican-Herald, Volume 37, Number 288 (Winona, Minnesota). June 12, 1938. p. 4. Retrieved June 12, 2019.
88. "Jimmie Fidler in Hollywood, May 7, 1940". May 7, 2010.
89. "A Principal's Bloody Rampage". Los Angeles Times . July 20, 1997.
90. "A Principal's Bloody Rampage". Los Angeles Times . July 20, 1997.
91. "Father Slays Girl In Boarding School". The New York Times . July 5, 1940.
92. Sarat, Austin (February 9, 2009). Mercy on Trial: What It Means to Stop an Execution. Princeton University Press. ISBN   978-1400826728 . Retrieved May 1, 2019– via Google Books.
93. "Two Boys Kill Teacher In School After "Showing Off" By Smoking". The New York Times . October 3, 1942.
94. "Boy In School Shot, Robbed by 7 Thugs". The New York Times . June 26, 1946.
95. "Rifle Shot Kills Boy". The New York Times . December 24, 1948.
96. "Boy Showoff Shoots Classmate In School". The New York Times . March 12, 1949.
97. "Ohio State Student Held in Slaying" (PDF). The Winona Republican-Herald, Volume 49, Number 228 (Winona, Minnesota). November 12, 1949. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 4, 2016.
98. "Daily Illini 11 May 1950 — Illinois Digital Newspaper Collections". idnc.library.illinois.edu. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
99. Casetext – The People v. Rivers (1951)
100. "Slain Girl's Parents Sue School Board". Jet. Vol. 1, no. 5. Johnson Publishing Company. November 29, 1951. p. 12.
101. "Girl, 13, Wounded In School Shooting". The Tennessean. February 1, 1950. p. 1. Retrieved August 18, 2023.
102. "14 Youths held In High School Gang Warfare". The Colton Courier. March 16, 1950. p. 1. Retrieved August 18, 2023.
103. "State Boy, 12, Held In School Shooting". The Lawton Constitution. March 21, 1950. p. 9. Retrieved August 18, 2023.
104. "Student Shot at Dance". The New York Times . July 22, 1950.
105. "6 Hurt in Shooting At Jam Session". Abilene Reporter-News. October 10, 1950. p. 17. Retrieved August 18, 2023.
106. "Academy Employee Killed On Campus". Meriden Record, Volume 91, Number 21 (Meriden, Connecticut). January 25, 1961. p. 12.
107. "2 Youths Held in Slaying of Teacher, Chum" (PDF). The Winona Republican-Herald, Volume 51, Number 21 (Winona, Minnesota). March 13, 1951. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 2, 2016.
108. "St. Louis Pupil Killed". The New York Times . November 27, 1951. Archived from the original on March 15, 2016.
109. "Dean Shot Over Pin Ups". The New York Times . April 9, 1952. Archived from the original on March 17, 2016.
110. "Killed At Her Desk". The New York Times . July 15, 1952. Archived from the original on March 17, 2016.
111. "Rejecting a paper can get you killed « Statistical Modeling, Causal Inference, and Social Science". statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
112. "Judge assails two teen-agers for vandalism". Chicago Tribune . February 28, 1953. p. 24 – via Newspapers.com.
113. "Deputy Hit In 'Mistake' Shooting". The Daily Inter Lake . Kalispell, Montana. February 2, 1953. p. 1.
114. "Edison Teacher Is Bullet Victim". The Miami News. May 9, 1953. p. 7. Retrieved August 18, 2023.
115. "Slaying of Boy in High School Held Accident". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). October 6, 1953. Archived from the original on March 9, 2016.
116. "Forgive Boy Fatal Shooting Of Their Son". Lewiston Evening Journal, Volume 93 (Lewiston, Maine). March 31, 1954.
117. "Youth Dies, 2 Shot In College Party". The New York Times . May 16, 1954. Archived from the original on March 16, 2016.
118. "Enraged Proctor Opens Fire, Slays Student In Dormitory". The New London Day, Volume 73, Number 161 (New London, Connecticut) (Evening ed.). January 11, 1955. p. 1.
119. "Man who shot classmate wants to attend 50th reunion". Reading Eagle (Reading, Pennsylvania) (Evening ed.). p. A7.
120. "Wounded Lad Resting Well". The Charlotte Observer. January 28, 1955. p. 23. Retrieved August 18, 2023.
121. "Sheriff Charges 14-Year-Old With Murder Attempt". Lansing State Journal . March 7, 1956. p. 39. Retrieved March 29, 2022– via Newspapers.com.
122. "School Shooting Case Weighed By Grand Jury". Tampa Bay Times. March 28, 1956. p. 14. Retrieved August 18, 2023.
123. "Ex-Navy Men Blame Shooting On Drink Spree". The Daily Times. April 7, 1956. p. 1. Retrieved August 18, 2023.
124. "Boy Kills Teacher, Wounds 2 Others". Milwaukee Sentinel (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). May 5, 1956. p. 1.
125. "Patuxent Twice Freed P.G. Slayer". The Washington Post. December 10, 1988. Retrieved June 6, 2019.
126. "Gang Feud Seen In School Shooting". The Times-Tribune. May 8, 1950. p. 18. Retrieved August 18, 2023.
127. "Monitor Shot In School". The New York Times . October 20, 1956. Archived from the original on March 16, 2016.
128. "Boy Is Wounded By Stray Bullet Wound". The Montana Standard. February 16, 1957. p. 1. Retrieved August 18, 2023.
129. "Boy Shot In East Side School". The New York Times . October 2, 1957. Archived from the original on March 16, 2016.
130. "$70,000 Bail Is Set For 8 In Shooting". The New York Times . March 6, 1958. Archived from the original on March 17, 2016.
131. "The Class of 1946–2018 Twenty-seven school-shooting survivors bear their scars, and bear witness". New York . October 28, 2018. Retrieved November 9, 2018.
132. "Massapequa Boy Slain In School". The New York Times . May 1, 1958. Archived from the original on March 16, 2016.
133. "Judge Acts Quickly In School Shooting". The Commercial Appeal. September 13, 1958. p. 2. Retrieved August 18, 2023.
134. "Two Youths Being Held For Acts Of Vandalism". Rocky Mount Telegram. May 13, 1959. p. 13. Retrieved August 18, 2023.
135. "27 Seized in Bronx With Gang Arsenal". The New York Times . September 24, 1959. Archived from the original on March 16, 2016.
136. "Your list of School Shootings since the 1960's".
137. "Youth Fatally Shot In Crowded Class". The Victoria Advocate, Volume 114, Number 328 (Victoria, Texas). March 31, 1960.
138. "Principal Shot at School Desk". Spokane Daily Chronicle, Volume 74, Number 225 (Spokane, Washington). June 8, 1960. p. 1.
139. "Ex State Woman's Mate Kills Friend". Milwaukee Sentinel (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). June 8, 1960. p. 1.
140. "Student Killed By Shot Fired For Sound Effect". Winona Daily News (Winona, Minnesota). January 5, 1961. p. 1. Archived from the original on August 14, 2017.
141. Humphrey, Jennifer Rose (1991). A pebble in the pond (Thesis). Iowa State University.
142. "School Fight Mushrooms Into Murder". The Spokesman-Review, Volume 79, Number 157 (Spokane, Washington). October 18, 1961. p. 6.
143. Elsea, Jerry (November 5, 1963). "Jeff Student Shot in Back". The Cedar Rapids Gazette. Vol. 81, no. 300. p. 1A column 7. Retrieved May 11, 2018.
144. "L.I. teacher shot by boy in school". The New York Times . April 28, 1966.
145. "Suburban Tragedy – Santorelli Historical Media, Inc" . Retrieved May 1, 2019.
146. "Sniper In Texas U. Tower Kills 12, Hits 33". The New York Times . August 2, 1966. Archived from the original on March 16, 2016.
147. Finley 2011, pp. 524–527.
148. Finley 2014, p. 323.
149. "Boy, Teacher Shot by Youth at Grand Rapids". Winona Daily News (Winona, Minnesota). October 5, 1966. p. 1. Archived from the original on November 15, 2017.
150. Crews 2016, p. 9.
151. "The Shootings at Grand Rapids High School". Columbine Angels.
152. "Youth, 18, Slays 4 Women and Child in Beauty School". The New York Times . November 13, 1966. Archived from the original on March 16, 2016.
153. "Tells of Shooting Girl in School". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). May 4, 1967. Archived from the original on March 9, 2016.
154. "PEOPLE v. PISARSKI - 6 Ill. App.3d 235 (1972) - pp3d2351185 - Leagle.com". Leagle. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
155. Sarah Tonin (May 3, 2018). "Teen shoots former girlfriend in head because of their recent breakup – Horror History .net". Horrorhistory.net. Retrieved June 6, 2019.
156. "Offer Made To Frisk Students". The St. Petersburg Times (St. Petersburg, Florida). February 1, 1968.
157. "Jet". Johnson Publishing Company. May 1969.
158. "Student Held In Slaying". The Spokesman-Review, Volume 85, Number 317 (Spokane, Washington). October 1, 2006. p. 2.
159. "NC DPS Offender Public Information".
160. "Students With Guns Expelled". Evening Independent (St. Petersburg, Florida). May 24, 1968.
161. Chicago Tribune –Tilden School Student Shot in Teens Clash – September 28, 1968
162. "17 Black Panther Members Are Arrested at the Home of Slain Youth in Los Angeles". The New York Times . January 18, 1969. Archived from the original on February 4, 2016.
163. "Principal's Aide in Capital is Killed Chasing Thieves". The New York Times . January 25, 1969. Archived from the original on March 15, 2016.
164. Chicago Tribune – Tilden Blacks End Walkout Over Racism – May 8, 1969 ^{[ permanent dead link ]}
165. John Hinton (May 13, 1969). "13-year-old boy at Hanes Junior High School accidentally shot and killed in 1969". Winston-Salem Journal (Winston-Salem, North Carolina).
166. "Principal Slain by Tomah Boy". Milwaukee Sentinel (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). November 20, 1969. p. 1.
167. "Jr. High student shoots, kills principal". November 20, 2018.
168. "Boys Hurt, Killed In Shootings". The Spokesman-Review, Volume 87, Number 237 (Spokane, Washington). January 6, 1970. p. 1.
169. "Washington Teen-agers Shot; 1 Dies". Corpus Christi Caller-Times. January 6, 1970. p. 8. Retrieved February 13, 2024.
170. "Upset Over Doctoral Thesis – Penn Student Wounds Two Professors, Takes Own Life in Seminar Shooting". Observer–Reporter, Volume 161, Number 70036 (Washington, Pennsylvania). February 12, 1970. p. C-7.
171. "Shoot Out At School Leaves One Man Dead". Northwest Arkansas Times . Associated Press. April 16, 1970. p. 2. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
172. Parra, Esteban (April 22, 2016). "Others killed in Delaware schools – including Howard". delawareonline. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
173. "Warrant Out in Central Shooting". Quad-City Times. September 29, 1970. p. 19. Retrieved February 13, 2024.
174. "5 Students Shot in Pontiac, Mich". The New York Times. November 28, 1972.
175. "4 White Boys Shot in Pontiac Clash". The New York Times. October 6, 1970.
176. "October 08, 1970 (Vol. 81, iss. 31) - Image 1".
177. "Student injured in Harlan shooting". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). November 21, 1970. Archived from the original on March 5, 2017.
178. "Art Teacher Slain, Philadelphia Police Arrest Youth, 14". The New York Times . February 2, 1971. Archived from the original on March 17, 2016.
179. "The Herald-Palladium 28 May 1971, page 3". Newspapers.com.
180. "The Herald-Palladium 28 May 1971, page 9". Newspapers.com.
181. "The South Bend Tribune 28 May 1971, page 3". Newspapers.com.
182. Jim Spoerhase (November 12, 1971). "Fatal Rampage Details Studied". Spokane Daily Chronicle, Volume 86, Number 45 (Spokane, Washington). p. 1.
183. "The Bryan Times - Google News Archive Search".
184. "Gun Control Legislation: Hearings Before Subcommittee No. 5 ... , 92-2, O H.R. 8828 and Related Bills, June 27, 28, and 29, 1972". 1972.
185. "Incidents in the United States from 1970 to Present - K-12 School Shooting Database". Archived from the original on April 24, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
186. "Shooting claim denied". Tulare Advance-Register. July 14, 1972. p. 5.
187. "Schwarzenegger delays ex-Tulare man's execution". Visalia Times-Delta. September 28, 2010. p. A1. Archived from the original on September 28, 2010. Retrieved September 28, 2010. Alt URL ^{[ permanent dead link ]}(subscription required)
188. De Atley, Richard K. (October 9, 2010). "Jordan murder: Mountain of evidence against Brown". The Press-Enterprise . Retrieved October 11, 2010.^{[ permanent dead link ]}
189. "Reno Evening Gazette Newspaper Archives, May 5, 1972, p. 1". May 5, 1972.
190. "Barbwire by Barbano: Remembering another local school murder".
191. Victor L. Burford (May 6, 1972). "Decatur Central Pupil Gunned Down On Lawn Before 28 Classmates". The Indianapolis Star from Indianapolis, Indiana. p. 1.
192. "Other School Shootings". www.columbine-angels.com.
193. "Minutes". July 24, 2012. p. 424.
194. "Lansing State Journal 15 Sep 1972, page Page 8". Newspapers.com.
195. "Battle Creek Enquirer 16 Sep 1972, page Page 7". Newspapers.com.
196. "The Times Herald 15 Sep 1972, page Page 10". Newspapers.com.
197. "Deadly 1972 protest at Southern University highlighted in new PBS documentary on HBCUs". February 18, 2018.
198. "2 die in Clash with Police on Baton Rouge Campus". The New York Times. November 17, 1972.
199. "Louisiana Panel Links Deputies to Deaths of 2 at Southern U". The New York Times. December 15, 1972.
200. "Southern University to Award Degrees to Black Students Slain on Campus in 1972". April 12, 2017.
201. "Shootings at Pontiac Central | Ann Arbor District Library".
202. "Boy Killed In Gun Battle". The Phoenix (Boston, Massachusetts). February 27, 1973.
203. "Before Hearst SLA killed educator". San Francisco Chronicle (San Francisco, California). November 14, 2002. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015.
204. "Expelled Boy Kills Chicago Principal". The Pittsburgh Press, Volume 90, Number 203 (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). January 18, 1974. p. 34.
205. "Pupil Shoots, Kills Athletic Director". Milwaukee Sentinel (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). March 23, 1974. p. 9.
206. "David Fleetwood shooting". The Tribune. March 12, 1975. p. 1.
207. "McKeesport Student Shot At Kent State". The Pittsburgh Press, Volume 91, Number 103 (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). October 5, 1974. p. 3.
208. Finley 2014, p. 324.
209. Crews 2016, p. 8.
210. "3 Killed and 9 Wounded by an Upstate Sniper, 18". The New York Times . December 31, 1974. Archived from the original on March 17, 2016.
211. James Feron (February 20, 1975). "Ex-Suitor Couldn't Accept Slain Coed's 'New Life'". New York Times . Poughkeepsie, New York.
212. "Priest Killed In Classroom". The Blade, Volume 140 (Toledo, Ohio). February 25, 1975. p. 8.
213. "STATE v. GARY - 229 N.J. Super. 102 (1988) - uper1021321 - Leagle.com". Leagle. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
214. "Charge Filed in Shooting". Spokane Daily Chronicle (Spokane, Washington). September 24, 1975.
215. Kleinman, Wendy K. (September 27, 2008). "Gun incident to bring discipline for John Marshall High School student". The Oklahoman.
216. "Intruders Wound 5 Students In Shooting At Detroit School". The Blade, Volume 141 (Toledo, Ohio). February 13, 1976. p. 2.
217. "81-Year-Old Invalid Shoots Teenage Burglary Subject". Santa Cruz Sentinel. April 16, 1972. p. 1.
218. "Student, 19, Found Insane in Slaying". The Los Angeles Times. January 26, 1977. p. 20.
219. Jerry Belcher (February 20, 1976). "1 Killed, 7 Wounded In Gun Attack". The Los Angeles Times. p. 32.
220. Fatal shooting disrupts television show filming, Ocala Star-Banner (February 20, 1976)
221. One dead, nine injured in school shoot-out, St. Petersburg Times (February 20, 1976)
222. Shooting spree leaves one dead, seven injured, Rome News-Tribune (February 20, 1976)
223. 1 slain, 8 hurt in shooting spree, Toledo Blade (February 20, 1976)
224. Times, Reginald Stuart Special to The New York (February 17, 1977). "Detroit Class Still Bears the Scars of Teacher's Slaying". The New York Times– via NYTimes.com.
225. "Police Don't Know Reason Student Killed His Principal". The Bryan Times, Volume 29, Number 83 (Bryan, Ohio). April 7, 1977. p. 3.
226. "LOPEZ v. STATE - 628 S.W.2d 77 (1982) - 8sw2d771697 - Leagle.com". Leagle. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
227. "Former deputy held in killings". The Bakersfield Californian. May 31, 1977. Retrieved March 17, 2023.
228. "Masked Thief Wounds Two at St. John's High". The Washington Post . November 19, 1977. p. 5.
229. "Student Shot In Incident Inside School". Kentucky New Era, Volume 90, Number 46 (Hopkinsville, Kentucky). January 11, 1978. p. 1.
230. Floyd Abrams (2006). Speaking Freely: Trials of the First Amendment. New York: Penguin Group. pp. 80–81. ISBN   978-0-14-303675-3.
231. "Before 'school shooting' became a common term, junior high killing shocked St. Albans | Cops & Courts". wvgazettemail.com. February 9, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2019.
232. "Roger Needham Must Answer". Evening Independent (St. Petersburg, Florida). June 5, 1978.
233. "The Times-News – Google News Archive Search". news.google.com.
234. "In a Long History of Michigan School Shootings, Oxford Was Different".
235. "Janitor Shot at Dallas School". Spokane Chronicle, Volume 92, Number 188 (Spokane, Washington). April 27, 1978. p. 1.
236. Perline & Goldschmidt 2004, p. 342.
237. "3 Students Hit By Gunfire". The Blade, Volume 143 (Toledo, Ohio). October 18, 1978. p. 31.
238. Klein 2013, p. 153.
239. "Student Angered By Paddling Shoots Junior High Principal". Florence Times Tri-Cities Daily, Volume 109, Number 291 (Florence, Alabama). October 18, 1978. p. 1.
240. Chalmers 2009, p. 10.
241. Chalmers 2009, pp. 120–121.
242. Finley 2011, pp. 453–458.
243. "School Sniper Suspect Bragged Of 'Something Big To Get On TV'". Evening Independent, Volume 72, Number 75 (St. Petersburg, Florida). January 30, 1979. p. 2A.
244. "Sniping Suspect Had a Grim Goal". Los Angeles Times, reprinted in The Milwaukee Journal, Volume 97 (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). January 30, 1979. p. 4.^{[ permanent dead link ]}
245. "Brenda-Spencer". San Diego Police Museum (San Diego, California). Archived from the original on February 17, 2015.
246. "Brenda Spencer". The Fliegen. Archived from the original on March 25, 2016.
247. "Boy Shot; School Janitor Held". The Milwaukee Journal, Volume 97 (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). April 17, 1979. p. 1.
248. "Football player shot at scrimmage". The Day, Volume 99, Number 76 (New London, Connecticut). September 29, 1979. p. 32.
249. "Youths Sentenced for Darryl Williams Shooting". The Lewiston Daily Sun, Volume 88 (Lewiston, Maine). March 27, 1980. p. 18.
250. "Death of student makes no sense". The Bryan Times, Volume 32, Number 7 (Bryan, Ohio). January 9, 1980. p. 10.
251. "Teacher Fatally Shot In School". The Ledger, Volume 74, Number 150 (Lakeland, Florida). March 21, 1980. p. 7C.
252. Compiled FROM College newspapers (April 5, 1980). "Student Kills Professor in Class". The Harvard Crimson (Cambridge, Massachusetts). Archived from the original on January 6, 2015.
253. "Student killed in school shooting". Wilmington Morning Star, Volume 114, Number 16 (Wilmington, North Carolina). November 1, 1980.
254. "Student killed in sorority". The Milwaukee Journal (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). January 28, 1981. p. 2.
255. Iver Peterson (April 18, 1981). "Student Held In Blazes And 2 Shotgun Deaths At Dorm". New York Times . Archived from the original on October 29, 2016.
256. "2 students die in dorm shooting". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). April 18, 1981. Archived from the original on September 17, 2017.
257. Nash 1992, p. 81.
258. "Portland college janitor shoots instructor, self". Spokane Daily Chronicle, Volume 96, Number 75 (Spokane, Washington). April 21, 1984. p. 1.
259. Finley 2014, p. 325.
260. Garcia, John Treanor and Tony (March 6, 2017). "Student convicted in 1982 shooting death of Valley HS teacher granted parole". KSNV. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
261. "College student goes on rampage, killing teacher and classmate".
262. "Love v. State". Justia Law.
263. "Boy Sentenced: Murder". The Lewiston Daily Sun, Volume 90 (Lewiston, Maine). February 24, 2010.
264. "Deer Creek also site of a shooting in 1982". February 24, 2010.
265. "Two students were shot in a high school corridor... - UPI Archives".
266. "Shotgun Murder, Suicide In High School Classroom". The Victoria Advocate, Volume 137, Number 190 (Victoria, Texas). November 13, 1982. p. 9A.
267. "A 15-year-old Finney High School student was in stable... - UPI Archives". UPI.
268. Toler, Carol (March 4, 2014). "History: Shooting of Lake Highlands cafeteria worker remembered". Advocate Magazine (Lake Highlands). Retrieved April 26, 2018.
269. "School Violence 1982-1983".
270. McFadden, Robert D. (May 17, 1983). "Hostages at L.i. School Are Freed, and Gunman then Kills Himself". The New York Times.
271. "Detroit Free Press 13 Sep 1983, page Page 1". Newspapers.com.
272. "Petoskey News-Review 13 Sep 1983, page 15". Newspapers.com.
273. "70 Times Gunshots Fired On School Grounds In Michigan Since 1970". Michigan Capitol Confidential.
274. VerHelst, Megan (November 25, 2019). "After 36 Years Behind Bars, MD Men Exonerated In Teen's Death". Baltimore, MD Patch.
275. "3 Maryland men exonerated after 36 years in prison". Minnesota Lawyer. November 29, 2019.
276. Mitchell, Dawn (February 20, 2018). "List of school shootings in Indiana since 1880". Indianapolis Star.
277. Bloom, Nedra (December 4, 1983). "School shooting leaves students dazed, puzzled". The Indianapolis Star. p. 213.
278. "GUNMAN KILLS 2 WOMEN IN CORNELL DORMITORY". The New York Times. December 19, 1983. Retrieved February 10, 2024.
279. "Mich. Girl Shot Dead, 2 Teens Face Charges". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). April 21, 1984.
280. "In A Long History Of Michigan School Shootings, Oxford Was Different". Michigan Capitol Confidential.
281. "Female student shoots 2, kills self". Desert Sun. May 12, 1984. p. 3. Retrieved January 19, 2024.
282. Roger Munns (May 19, 1984). "Mother devastated in school shooting". The Daily Reporter, Volume 87, Number 237 (Spencer, Iowa). p. 3A.
283. "A dozen high school students were slightly wounded trying..." United Press International Archives (Norco, California). May 19, 1984.
284. "Detroit Free Press 11 Jul 1984, page Page 22". Newspapers.com.
285. "'Angry man' held in Harris school shooting". Austin American-Statesman . September 29, 1984. p. 18 – via Newspapers.com.
286. "North Texan is Charged in 2 Shootings". The Austin American Statesman . October 1, 1984. p. 84.
287. "Detroit Free Press 26 Oct 1984, page Page 3". Newspapers.com.
288. "Detroit Free Press 29 Nov 1984, page Page 16". Newspapers.com.
289. "Bus Driver Killed; Woman Arrested". The Blade, Volume 149 (Toledo, Ohio). October 25, 1984. p. 33.
290. "Petoskey News-Review 25 Oct 1984, page 3". Newspapers.com.
291. "Youth quizzed after shooting at junior high". Spokane Chronicle, Volume 99, Number 105 (Spokane, Washington). January 22, 1985. p. A2.
292. Review-Courier, Alva. "A school shooting in Goddard, 30 years later". Alva Review-Courier. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
293. "Three Teen-Agers Remain in Hospital After Shooting at Prep Football Game". The Argus-Press, Volume 131, Number 247 (Owosso, Michigan). October 19, 1985. p. 6.
294. "3 dead in junior high romance". The Spokesman-Review, Volume 103, Number 206 (Spokane, Washington). November 28, 1985. p. C5.
295. "Teen shot after taking hostages". The Nashua Telegraph, Volume 117, Number 205 (Nashua, New Hampshire). December 5, 1985. p. 29.
296. "Youth Shot After Taking Two Hostages At School". The Blade, Volume 150 (Toledo, Ohio). December 4, 1985. p. 10.
297. "13-year-old held in school shooting spree". Altus Times, Volume 63, Number 294 (Altus, Oklahoma). December 11, 1985.
298. Richard L. Madden (December 12, 1985). "At Junior High, Attempt To Deal With Shootings". The New York Times .
299. "Before Newtown: Connecticut's First School Shooting". True Crime Coven. November 2016.
300. "Teacher Shot In Shoulder By Her Student". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). March 7, 1986. Archived from the original on March 23, 2016.
301. "Student shot to death in Mo". The Lewiston Daily Sun, Volume 94 (Lewiston, Maine). April 30, 1986.
302. "Missouri Youth, 15, Shot To Death In Front Of Class". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). May 1, 1986. Archived from the original on April 7, 2016.
303. "Three Wounded in High School Shooting". AP New Archive. Associated Press. May 9, 1986. Retrieved January 25, 2018.
304. "A 17-year-old student opened fire with a pistol in..." UPI.
305. "Couple Take Over School But Die After Bomb Blast". The New York Times . May 17, 1986. Archived from the original on April 3, 2015.
306. "Radical Right Link Suggested in Hostage Case". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California). May 18, 1986. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015.
307. Crews 2016, p. 5.
308. Jamie Rogers (April 10, 2014). "A history of violence – Can Missoula public schools truly be prepared for a school shooting?". Missoula Independent (Missoula, Montana). Archived from the original on May 7, 2016. After Moffatt recovered from the gunshot wound and four subsequent surgeries, he became the principal at Garfield Elementary in Lewistown, a position he held until retiring in 2010. Today, he and his wife Maggie live in Missoula, and Moffatt occasionally substitutes for MCPS. He applauds the district's efforts to address difficult issues, and he says he's "for anything that schools do to make the environment safer for kids." But, in his mind, any district can only achieve so much as long as gun laws remain the same. He points out that homicide is now the second leading cause of death for school-age Americans, and while school shootings are "horrific tragedies," homicides on school grounds account for less than 2 percent of the lives lost. "Some people think it always happens somewhere else, others think it's going to happen anytime," he says of school shootings, "but we need to look at the big picture. There are relatively few communities in the United States that have dealt with a school shooting ... But there are very few communities that have not lost a child to gun violence."
309. "School shooting kills one". The Gadsden Times, Volume 120, Number 156 (Gadsden, Alabama). December 5, 1986. p. A1.
310. "Montana boy gets 206 year prison term". The Spokesman-Review, Volume 3, Number 69 (Spokane, Washington). June 4, 1988. p. A6.
311. https://missoulian.com/news/local/crime-courts/1986-lewistown-school-shooter-on-parole-in-nebraska/article_919e818f-a609-580f-92e0-40343a53acb2.html#:~:text=Hans%20was%20up%20for%20parole,responsible%20for%20his%20parole%20supervision.
312. Ray, Roddy (January 24, 1987). "Youth shot in school; classmate held". Detroit Free Press . p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
313. "Killed Teacher, Self: More Light Shed on CSUN Gunman Who Took 2 Lives". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California). February 10, 1987. Archived from the original on August 12, 2014.
314. "Gabrielle Giffords Shooting Spree Wasn't First Arizona Rampage".
315. Donna Bryson (March 3, 1987). "School shooting linked to classmates' teasing". Lawrence Journal-World (Lawrence, Kansas).
316. "Police Officer Roosevelt Ferrell". The Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP).
317. "Compton School Officer, Shot by Ambusher, Dies After Leg Surgery". Los Angeles Times . March 18, 1987.
318. James Risen (April 17, 1987). "Athlete Killed in Detroit School Violence". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California). Archived from the original on February 2, 2016.
319. Rob Karwath (September 30, 1987). "Youth Freed On Bond In Shooting Of Teacher". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). Archived from the original on January 8, 2014.
320. Shnay, Jerry (September 16, 1989). "Probation In Shooting Of Teacher". Chicago Tribune.
321. Myers, Pat Jamison and Linnet (October 16, 1987). "$3 MILLION BOND SET IN STUDENT'S SLAYING". chicagotribune.com.
322. "Student Killed at Chicago High School". AP News Archive. October 14, 1987. Retrieved March 18, 2014.
323. "PEOPLE v. SIMS | 638 N.E.2d 223 (1994) | ne2d2231856 | Leagle.com". Leagle.
324. "Two mothers say deputy's guns were too easy for sons to steal". Boca Raton News, Volume 33, Number 65 (Boca Raton, Florida). February 24, 1988. p. 2B.
325. "Detroit Free Press 05 Mar 1988, page Page 4". Newspapers.com.
326. "Winnetka police chief recounts day of horror". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). December 5, 1988. Archived from the original on March 7, 2016.
327. "Detroit Free Press 21 Jun 1988, page Page 4". Newspapers.com.
328. "Honolulu Star-Bulletin Local News". archives.starbulletin.com.
329. "FindLaw's Supreme Court of Hawaii case and opinions". Findlaw.
330. https://www.courts.state.hi.us/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/SCAP-15-0000582dis.pdf ^{[ bare URL PDF ]}
331. McPherson, Sandra B.; Hall, Harold V.; Yudko, Errol (June 26, 2003). Methamphetamine Use: Clinical and Forensic Aspects. CRC Press. ISBN   9780203503782.
332. "Basketball game ends in shooting". The Milwaukee Journal (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). July 11, 1988. p. 4B.
333. "Detroit Free Press 01 Sep 1988, page Page 17". Newspapers.com.
334. "Angels of Columbine School Violence 1988–1989". Angels of columbine. Retrieved October 21, 2019.
335. "School Violence 1988–1989". columbine-angels.com.
336. Greene, Morgan. "A deranged gunman shot up a West Side school 30 years ago, killing a cop. Now officials want to name a park for the officer". chicagotribune.com. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
337. "Man Shoots 11 in S.C. elementary school". Daily Kent Stater, Volume 63, Number 18 (Kent, Ohio). September 28, 1988. Archived from the original on September 15, 2016.
338. "Gunman Flees After Wounding Third Grader at Florida School". Los Angeles Times. October 4, 1988.
339. "Mason Staggs denied double jeopardy claim". Abilene Reporter-News (Abilene, Texas). February 14, 1997. Archived from the original on March 20, 2005.
340. "Student With Pistol Kills One Teacher And Injures Another". The New York Times . December 17, 1988. Archived from the original on May 1, 2017.
341. Crews 2016, p. 7.
342. Writer, SEAN SOMERVILLE Staff (December 13, 1989). "TEEN GETS LIFE IN PRISON IN SHOOTING". dailypress.com. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
343. Jay Mathews; Matt Lait (January 18, 1989). "Rifleman Slays Five At School; 29 Pupils, Teacher Shot in California; Assailant Kills Self". The Washington Post (Washington, D.C.). p. A1. Archived from the original on August 15, 2017.
344. Steve Fidel (February 11, 1989). "Officers Seeking Answers After Junior High Shooting". Deseret News (Salt Lake City, Utah). Archived from the original on April 20, 2016.
345. "STATE v. RENON | 828 P.2d 1266 (1992) | 2d126612080 | Leagle.com". Leagle. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
346. Christine Vorce (December 5, 1989). "Teen shoots schoolmate, kills self on bus". The Pittsburgh Press, Volume 106, Number 163 (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). p. 1.
347. "Victim goes home". Allegheny Times – An edition of the Beaver County Times (Beaver, Pennsylvania). December 17, 1989. p. A3.
348. "Shots fired into school, two hurt". The Roanoke Times. Associated Press. January 13, 1990. p. 65. Retrieved April 5, 2024.
349. "Batesburg-Leesville Middle student fires gun at school". The State. February 14, 1990. p. 17. Retrieved April 5, 2024.
350. "Black youth shot by whites in school". The Free Lance–Star, Volume 106, Number 74 (Fredericksburg, Virginia). March 28, 1990. p. 6.
351. "Teen fires gun in school". The Palm Beach Post. April 24, 1990. p. 45. Retrieved April 5, 2024.
352. "5 shots fired at school playground, no one hurt". The Miami Herald. May 2, 1990. p. 98. Retrieved April 5, 2024.
353. "Student Sentenced To 165 Years For Dorm Murders". Associated Press .
354. Staff, the Associated Press and Gazette (September 17, 2007). "No parole for gunman in 1990 killings at MSU". Billings Gazette. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
355. Writer, Freddy Monares Chronicle Staff (September 22, 2020). "Parole denied for shooter in 1990 MSU dorm killings". Bozeman Daily Chronicle. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
356. "Father of murdered high school student dies – Las Vegas Sun Newspaper". lasvegassun.com. September 13, 1999. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
357. "Convicted killer out but still serving life". Las Vegas Review-Journal. January 10, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2019.
358. "3 San Antonio teens wounded". The Victoria Advocate, Volume 145, Number 128 (Victoria, Texas). September 12, 1990. p. 3C.
359. "Indianapolis girl hit by shot fired into school bus". The Courier-Journal. Associated Press. September 22, 1990. p. 4. Retrieved April 5, 2024.
360. "News Bites". The Durham Sun. November 1, 1990. p. 11. Retrieved April 5, 2024.
361. Ron Russell; Michele Fuetsch (April 24, 1991). "Shot Fired at Guard Kills Boy at School". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California). Archived from the original on November 7, 2012.
362. "Student fires shots in school". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. May 21, 1991. p. 71. Retrieved February 13, 2024.
363. "One Student Critical After School Shootings". Associated Press .
364. "High school football star shot in cafeteria". The Gainesville Sun, Volume 116, Number 76 (Gainesville, Florida). September 19, 1991. p. 8A.
365. "Student fires shot in office of UT president". Bryan-College Station Eagle. September 19, 1991. p. 2. Retrieved February 13, 2024.
366. Phil Hersh; Blair Kamin; Steve Johnson; Teresa Wiltz; Monica Copeland; Matt Murray; Allan Johnson; Helaine Olen; Jerry Crimmins; Eric Detwiler (November 2, 1991). "Student Goes On Killing Spree At Iowa Campus". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). Archived from the original on April 19, 2016.
367. Michel Marriott (November 4, 1991). "Iowa Gunman Was Torn by Academic Challenge". The New York Times . Archived from the original on October 10, 2016.
368. Jim Mann (June 7, 1992). "The Physics of Revenge : When Dr. Lu Gang's American Dream Died, Six People Died With It". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California). Archived from the original on March 25, 2015.
369. Ruthanne Shpiner (December 10, 2008). "Miya Rodolfo-Sioson, 1968–2008". Berkeley Daily Planet (Berkeley, California). Archived from the original on March 30, 2016.
370. McFadden, Robert D. (November 26, 1991). "16-Year-Old is Shot to Death in a High School in Brooklyn". The New York Times.
371. "People v Bentley". Justia Law.
372. Newman, Maria (November 28, 1991). "Where Hallway Shootings Erupted, Teachers Are Afraid". The New York Times.
373. "Nation IN BRIEF : NEW YORK : Student Killed in School Shooting". Los Angeles Times . November 26, 1991.
374. "2 wounded when student fires gun at high school". The Bradenton Herald. Associated Press. January 31, 1992. p. 16. Retrieved April 5, 2024.
375. "Student shot, wounded on Kent State campus". The Blade, Volume 157 (Toledo, Ohio). January 30, 1992. p. 4.
376. Stephen O'Connor (1997). Will My Name Be Shouted Out . New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN   978-0-684-83210-4.
377. "School Violence 1991–1992". www.columbine-angels.com. Retrieved March 30, 2018.
378. "'Difficult to swallow:' DA upset as former juvenile lifer paroled for woman's 1992 murder". September 5, 2017.
379. "Parole for Lancaster playground killer serving life sentence". September 5, 2017.
380. "Ricardo Cruz, the first of Lancaster County's juvenile lifers to be resentenced, is freed in time for Christmas". January 5, 2018.
381. "Student fires a shot inside high school". The Baltimore Sun. March 14, 1992. p. 12. Retrieved February 14, 2024.
382. "A New Orleans woman convicted of murder at 16 'grew up in prison;' now she'll go free". February 16, 2019.
383. "25 years after Algiers student's slaying, victim's family not inclined to see killer paroled". September 7, 2017.
384. "Shattered romance may have led to IU murder". Northwest Indiana Times (Munster, Indiana) . April 25, 1992.
385. "'Kind of chaos': Witnesses recall 1992 Palo Duro High School shooting". amarillo.com. September 10, 2012.
386. "Three students shot at school". The Tuscaloosa News, Volume 174, Number 294 (Tuscaloosa, Alabama). October 20, 1992. p. 2A.
387. "Security tightens after 11 Detroit students are shot". Ludington Daily News (Ludington, Michigan). November 6, 1992. p. 1.
388. "Teen Guilty Of Slaying In Tilden High Hallway". Chicago Tribune. January 22, 1994. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
389. "Wounds still raw 25 years after Simon's Rock shooting rampage". The Berkshire Eagle. Retrieved September 5, 2018.
390. Mcquiston, John T. (January 7, 1993). "School Upset By Shooting Of Teen-Ager During Game". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 11, 2016. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
391. Lebrun 2008, p. 173.
392. "Student Shot, Dies at Reseda High". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California). February 23, 1993. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016.
393. "Student fires shots in Gahanna high school". The Delaware Gazette. March 9, 1993. p. 2. Retrieved February 13, 2024.
394. "Student, 17, killed in Texas school shooting". Daily News (Galveston, Texas). May 16, 1993.
395. Finley 2014, p. 327.
396. "Texas Department of Criminal Justice Offender Search". offender.tdcj.texas.gov.
397. Diane Struzzi (October 15, 1993). "Prison Term For Murder At School". Philadelphia Media Network (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). Archived from the original on December 20, 2014.
398. "Killer at 17, Angola inmate from New Orleans gets chance at parole | Crime/Police | nola.com". August 25, 2016.
399. "Convicted at 17, Angola inmate from New Orleans gets chance at parole". August 31, 2016.
400. "Killer at 17, inmate to be allowed chance at parole". Associated Press . August 25, 2016.
401. "Killer at 17, inmate to be allowed chance at parole". The Washington Times. Associated Press. August 25, 2016.
402. "Student Killed After He Shoots 3 on Campus". The Chronicle of Higher Education . July 14, 1993.
403. "The Parsons Sun 02 Sep 1993, page 12".
404. "Article clipped from the Salina Journal". The Salina Journal. September 3, 1993. p. 1.
405. "Geary County Sheriff has plan to have armed security in USD 475 schools". April 5, 2018.
406. "16-Year-Old Killer Gets 37 Years". Chicago Tribune . July 27, 1994.
407. "Gunman Kills Himself After Firing on Schoolchildren". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California). September 18, 1993. Archived from the original on March 9, 2016.
408. "Student Shot At a School; Gang War Is Suspected". The New York Times . November 5, 1993. Archived from the original on September 4, 2017.
409. "Suspects held in murder of gang member". The Hour, Volume 124, Number 220 (Norwalk, Connecticut). September 20, 1993. p. 5.
410. Inquirer, Alex WoodJournal. "Convicted killer from Manchester gets yet another chance". Journal Inquirer.
411. "Student fires shot after suspension". Boca Raton News. November 25, 1993. p. 28. Retrieved February 13, 2024.
412. "Breitlow called 'gentle giant'". Milwaukee Sentinel (Milwaukee, Wisconsin). December 2, 1993. p. 1.
413. Perline & Goldschmidt 2004, p. 348.
414. "1993 Chelsea school shooter on gun control: 'These are man-made efforts to try to correct what can't be corrected'". April 11, 2013.
415. "School shooting kills teen". Times-New, Volume 117, Number 26 (Hendersonville, North Carolina). January 26, 1994. p. 8A.
416. "MORE INFO: School shootings in South Carolina". WISTV.com. October 2, 2013.
417. Linda Shaw (January 27, 2005). "Abuse victim who killed teacher settles with district". The Seattle Times (Seattle, Washington). Archived from the original on June 13, 2016.
418. "School Violence 1993-1994".
419. "Police: Ex-Teacher Kills Superintendent, then Self". Associated Press .
420. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED519244.pdf ^{[ bare URL PDF ]}
421. "Murder charges are dismissed".
422. "Man wounded in shooting after school basketball game". Herald-Journal (Spartanburg, South Carolina). February 19, 1994. p. B3.
423. "Gunman Kills 2 at Missouri Military School". Deseret News (Salt Lake City, Utah). March 2, 1994. Archived from the original on April 20, 2016.
424. "Dante D Hayes Inmate 507510: Missouri Prisoner". www.rapsheets.org. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
425. "Westbrook v. State".
426. "EASTERN'S AFTERSHOCK - The Washington Post". The Washington Post .
427. "MORE INFO: School shootings in South Carolina". www.wistv.com. October 2, 2013.
428. "State v. Johnson". Justia Law.
429. Tizon, Alex. "The Story Of A Drive-By Murder". The Seattle Times. Retrieved March 22, 2014.
430. de Leon, John. "Man sentenced 2nd time for 1994 shooting at Ballard High School". The Seattle Times. Retrieved March 22, 2014.
431. "Teacher is Shot with Police Officer's Gun". The New York Times. April 10, 1994.
432. "Help changed life for young killer; College ahead for 1994 schoolyard shooter | Montana News". billingsgazette.com. April 12, 2004. Retrieved June 6, 2019.
433. "Man gets probation for child porn".
434. "MAN FOUND SLAIN AT D.C. SCHOOL - The Washington Post". The Washington Post .
435. "Boy shot to death in Tenn. classroom". Boca Raton News (Boca Raton, Florida). April 22, 1994.
436. "Student in Shooting Dies". May 5, 1994.
437. "Day-Care Center Children See Teacher Shot to Death". July 29, 1994.
438. "Most of Pennsylvania's juvenile lifers are still awaiting their new day in court". December 22, 2016.
439. "Commonwealth v. Walker, 219 A.3d 207 | Casetext Search + Citator".
440. "Coffman to Get New Sentence in 1994 Murder at Ottumwa High School". January 31, 2017.
441. "Coffman given life with possibility of parole in 1994 killing". Ottumwa Courier.
442. "Student waves gun, fires shots at school". Abbeville Meridional. October 6, 1994. p. 3. Retrieved February 14, 2024.
443. "Afternoon shooting shocks students". The Dispatch, Volume 112, Number 137 (Lexington, North Carolina). October 13, 1994. p. 1.
444. Perline & Goldschmidt 2004, p. 345.
445. "Student Shot Outside High School". Chicago Tribune (Chicago, Illinois). October 18, 1994. Archived from the original on April 20, 2016.
446. "Student Shot Outside High School". The New York Times . November 8, 1994. Archived from the original on February 2, 2016.
447. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 24, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2020.
448. Dao, James (December 15, 1994). "Gunman Terrorizes Students in Campus Siege". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on August 19, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
449. "20 years after Ralph Tortorici took class hostage at UAlbany". December 17, 2014. Archived from the original on August 2, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
450. "A Case Of Insanity – The Story Of Ralph Tortorici | FRONTLINE | PBS". www.pbs.org. Archived from the original on August 9, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
451. "NYS Department of Corrections and Community Supervision". www.doccs.ny.gov. Archived from the original on September 19, 2016. Retrieved August 1, 2016.
452. "Cardozo High School III" – via www.washingtonpost.com.
453. Eli Sanders (March 5, 2003). "The Shooter". The Stranger (Seattle, Washington). Archived from the original on February 2, 2016.
454. "Law Student Opens Fire In N.C., Kills 2, Wounds 2 Gunman Shot In The Legs By Police, Then Tackled By Bystander Near University Of North Carolina". The Spokesman-Review. January 27, 1995. Retrieved September 14, 2023.
455. "At the University of North Carolina, two shootings 30 years apart show how much has changed". Associated Press. September 14, 2023. Retrieved September 14, 2023.
456. "Student fires shots". The Orange Leader. January 30, 1995. p. 11. Retrieved February 13, 2024.
457. "Seventh-grader Shoots Middle School Teacher". Associated Press .
458. Hunter, George. "Shootings inside Michigan schools remain rare". The Detroit News.
459. "School Violence 1995-1996".
460. "Odyssey of the 8th Fire".
461. "Teen-ager charged in teen killing waits on court's decision". Johnson City Press. September 14, 1995. p. 6.
462. "Teen kills 2, hurts 1 at school". Johnson City Press. November 16, 1995. p. 7.
463. "Teen killed in junior high shooting". The Tennessean. September 13, 1995. p. 5.
464. "Student killed in Memphis school". The Daily News-Journal. September 13, 1995. p. 6.
465. "CAPTION ONLY: VICTIMS MOURNED IN KANSAS FOOTBALL SLAYINGS". Deseret News. September 27, 1995. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
466. "School Violence 1995-1996". www.columbine-angels.com. Retrieved March 31, 2022.
467. Glass, Doug (September 26, 1995). "Teen Charged in Fatal Shootings After Football Feud" . Retrieved March 12, 2022.
468. "The Death Of Joey". Orlando Sentinel (Orlando, Florida). September 25, 2005. Archived from the original on February 2, 2016.
469. Klein 2013, p. 154.
470. "Teen kills teacher, then himself". The Tuscaloosa News, Volume 177, Number 286 (Tuscaloosa, Alabama). October 13, 1995. p. 5A.
471. Finley 2014, p. 328.
472. Klein 2013, p. 152.
473. "Two students wounded in shooting". www.paloaltoonline.com.
474. "Palo Alto high school shooter dies". UPI.
475. Portner, Jessica (September 23, 1998). "In the Hands of Children". Education Week– via www.edweek.org.
476. Rawlins, Elizabeth (November 20, 2014). "THINK FAST: There's a gunman inside the school". wtoc.com.
477. Skutch, Jan. "Deadly cases show perils of domestic violence". Bluffton Today.
478. Christian, Ansley (April 18, 2019). "He once killed a Jenkins High classmate. 20+ years later, he faces another murder charge". WJCL.
479. "Second suspect indicted in shooting death of pregnant teen on school bus". Herald-Journal (Spartanburg, South Carolina). June 2, 1996. p. A6.
480. "A pregnant teenager is shot while riding the bus to school". HISTORY. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
481. "Student arrested in shooting at middle school". March 20, 1996.
482. "Teenager Dies After Hijacking School Bus". May 14, 1996.
483. "2 Students Hurt in Shooting at Marshall High". Los Angeles Times . July 27, 1996.
484. "Man pleads innocent in slaying of 3 professors Calif. prosecutors to seek death penalty for student". The Baltimore Sun (Baltimore, Maryland). August 20, 1996. Archived from the original on October 2, 2012.
485. Tony Perry (May 28, 1997). "Ex-San Diego State Student Pleads Guilty to Murdering 3 Professors". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles, California). Archived from the original on November 8, 2012.
486. "Man Gets 3 Life Terms For Killing 3 Professors". The New York Times . July 19, 1997. Archived from the original on September 4, 2017.
487. "Shooting at Penn State". The Behrend College Collegian, Volume 155, Number 3 (Erie, Pennsylvania). September 19, 1996. Archived from the original on April 22, 2016. Retrieved September 22, 2019.
488. Van Brunt 2012, p. 264.
489. Rehring, Emily (August 26, 1998). "Robbins sentenced up to 60 years in jail". The Daily Collegian. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
490. "Teen shot dead on school bus". The Register-Guard (Eugene, Oregon). October 10, 1996.
491. https://www.pressreader.com/usa/northwest-arkansas-democrat-gazette/20180318/284146451635766 . Retrieved May 1, 2019– via PressReader.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
492. Ross, Jr. "Purdue Student Kills Himself After Killing Dormitory Counselor". AP NEWS. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
493. "Two dead at Purdue dorm". nwitimes.com. Associated Press. October 17, 1996. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
494. "STUDENT FACING DRUG CHARGES KILLS COUNSELOR, THEN HIMSELF". DeseretNews.com. October 17, 1996. Archived from the original on February 13, 2019. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
495. Tribue, Chicago (October 21, 1996). "Times get harder for dorm room monitors". chicagotribue.com. Retrieved February 12, 2019.
496. "Teen shot to death by classmate at school". Sarasota Herald-Tribune, Volume 72, Number 117 (Sarasota, Florida). January 28, 1997. p. 5B.
497. Musgrave, Jane. "Tronneal Mangum's life sentenced reduced for 1997 Conniston shooting – Post on Courts" . Retrieved May 1, 2019.
498. Parker, Terri (July 22, 2022). "Tronneal Mangum killed a West Palm Beach classmate at age 14 — 25 years later he's being paroled". WPBF.
499. Klein 2013, pp. 151–152.
500. "WHY DID KENNY HAVE TO DIE? » Mitch Albom". December 24, 1997.
501. Klein 2013, pp. 56–59.
502. Klein 2013, pp. 187–192.
503. "Teen guilty in Mississippi school-shooting rampage". CNN . June 12, 1998. Archived from the original on June 11, 2009.
504. Kellie McMaster (October 16, 1997). "School Shooting". Sarasota Herald-Tribune, Volume 73, Number 13 (Sarasota, Florida) (Morning ed.). p. 1.
505. Michael A. Scarcella (October 18, 2006). "Teenager in school shooting arrested". Herald-Tribune (Sarasota, Florida). Archived from the original on April 22, 2016.
506. "Timeline of Worldwide School and Mass Shootings". InfoPlease (London). Archived from the original on December 22, 2013.
507. "From wild talk and friendship, to five deaths in schoolyard". The New York Times . March 29, 1998. Archived from the original on March 14, 2017.
508. Finley 2014, p. 329.
509. "Student fires shots in classroom; no one hurt". Desert Dispatch. April 16, 1998. p. 3. Retrieved February 14, 2024.
510. Kristen Hays (September 10, 1999). "Edinboro teen killer sentenced". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania). Archived from the original on June 29, 2011.
511. Tom Sharp (May 20, 1998). "Teenage passion turns deadly at Tennessee school". Park City Daily News, Volume 144, Number 140 (Bowling Green, Kentucky). p. 10–A.
512. "Davis gets life in prison". Kentucky New Era (Hopkinsville, Kentucky). May 30, 1999. p. 9A.
513. "Search Results - Tennessee Felony Offender Information".
514. Tony Clark (May 21, 1998). "Teen jailed after Oregon high school shooting spree". CNN . Archived from the original on July 13, 2016.
515. "Student in custody after teacher, school aide shot". CNN . January 15, 1998. Archived from the original on March 12, 2016.
516. "North Miami school shootings investigated". The Daily Review. September 30, 1998. p. 7. Retrieved February 14, 2024.
517. "University professor slain during class; suspect held". Reading Eagle (Reading, Pennsylvania) (Evening ed.). December 11, 1998. p. 1.
518. "Teen students killed, wounded in suicide pact". Lawrence Journal-World, Volume 141, Number 9 (Lawrence, Kansas). January 9, 1999. p. 2A.
519. "2nd Teen Dies In Suspected Suicide Pact". Chicago Tribune. January 10, 1999. Archived from the original on May 30, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
520. "Did teen in school shooting have hit list? Driver was told hidden gun was science project". April 17, 1999.
521. Klein 2013, pp. 152–153.
522. "6 hurt in Georgia high school shooting". CNN . May 20, 1999. Archived from the original on March 12, 2016.
523. Michelle Koidin (November 21, 1999). "Girl dies from shooting at school in N.M." The Tuscaloosa News, Volume 181, Number 325 (Tuscaloosa, Alabama). p. 3A.
524. Roberts, Chris (December 11, 2000). "Boy sent to juvenile prison for school shooting". The Billings Gazette. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
525. "Teen gets two years for school killing". UPI. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
526. "ABQjournal: Teen Who Killed Classmate in '99 Arrested in Drug Smuggling Case". www.abqjournal.com. Retrieved May 1, 2019.
527. "School shooter may end up in Lawrence". Lawrence Journal-World (Lawrence, Kansas). September 26, 2003. Archived from the original on February 2, 2016.
528. Walton, Rod (March 30, 2005). "Seth Trickey's release final, judge declares". Tulsa World. Retrieved May 1, 2019.

Bibliography

• Breaux, Kia Shant'e. "3 die in Missouri abbey shooting | CJOnline.com". cjonline.com. Retrieved November 28, 2016.
• Chalmers, Phil (2009). Inside the Mind of a Teen Killer (illustrated ed.). Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson. ISBN   978-1-59555-152-8.
• Crews, Gordon A. (2016). Critical Examinations of School Violence and Disturbance in K-12 Education. Hershey, Pennsylvania: Information Science Reference. ISBN   978-1-4666-9935-9.
• Davies, Kim (2008). The Murder Book: Examining Homicide (illustrated ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN   978-0-13-172401-3.
• Dixon, David (2005). Never Come to Peace Again: Pontiac's Uprising and the Fate of the British Empire in North America (illustrated ed.). Norman, Oklahoma. ISBN   978-0-8061-3656-1.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
• Finley, Laura (2011). Encyclopedia of School Crime and Violence (1st ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN   978-0-313-36239-2.
• Finley, Laura (2014). School Violence: A Reference Handbook, 2nd Edition (2nd ed.). Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. ISBN   978-1-61069-624-1.
• Klein, Jessie (2013). The Bully Society: School Shootings and the Crisis of Bullying in America's Schools (reprint ed.). New York, New York: New York University Press. ISBN   978-0-8147-6371-1.
• Lebrun, Marcel (2008). Books, Blackboards, and Bullets: School Shootings and Violence in America (1st ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Education. ISBN   978-1-57886-904-6.
• Middleton, Richard (2007). Pontiac's War: Its Causes, Course and Consequences. New York: Routledge. ISBN   978-0-415-97914-6.
• Nash, Jay Robert (1992). World Encyclopedia of 20th Century Murder (1st ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN   978-1-59077-532-5.
• Perline, Irvin H.; Goldschmidt, Jona (2004). The Psychology and Law of Workplace Violence: A Handbook for Mental Health Professionals and Employers (illustrated ed.). Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas Publisher. ISBN   978-0-398-07432-6.
• Van Brunt, Brian (2012). Ending Campus Violence: New Approaches to Prevention. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-136-51494-4.

External links

• School Safety Interim Study Committee – Indiana Legislative Services Agency (September 24, 2013)
• Federal Report Looks at Crime and Safety in Schools – Council for American Private Education (CAPE) (January 2015)
• Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2014 Archived April 7, 2016, at the Wayback Machine – National Center for Education Statistics (July 9, 2015)
• Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2014 Archived April 25, 2016, at the Wayback Machine – Council of State Governments Justice Center (July 15, 2015)
• Selected Findings from the Indicators of School Crime and Safety: 2014 – Center for Evidence-Based Crime Policy (CEBCP) Symposium (August 17, 2015)