Pickens County, Alabama

Last updated

Pickens County
Pickens County Courthouse 2.jpg
Pickens County Courthouse in Carrollton
Logo of Pickens County, Alabama.png
Map of Alabama highlighting Pickens County.svg
Location within the U.S. state of Alabama
Alabama in United States.svg
Alabama's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 33°16′43″N88°05′35″W / 33.278611111111°N 88.093055555556°W / 33.278611111111; -88.093055555556
CountryFlag of the United States.svg United States
StateFlag of Alabama.svg  Alabama
FoundedDecember 20, 1820
Named for Andrew Pickens
Seat Carrollton
Largest city Aliceville
Area
  Total890 sq mi (2,300 km2)
  Land881 sq mi (2,280 km2)
  Water8.7 sq mi (23 km2)  1.0%
Population
 (2020)
  Total19,123
  Estimate 
(2023)
18,688 Decrease2.svg
  Density21/sq mi (8.3/km2)
Time zone UTC−6 (Central)
  Summer (DST) UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district 7th
Website www.pickenscountyal.com
  • County Number 54 on Alabama Licence Plates

Pickens County is a county located on the west central border of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,123. [1] Its county seat is Carrollton, located in the center of the county. [2] It is a prohibition, or dry county, although the communities of Carrollton and Aliceville voted to become wet in 2011 and 2012, respectively.

Contents

Pickens County is included in the Tuscaloosa, AL Metropolitan Statistical Area

History

Like the rest of Alabama, this had long been occupied by Native Americans; historically the Muscogee people (Creek) dominated this area. Pickens County was established on the western border of Alabama on December 20, 1820, and named for revolutionary war hero General Andrew Pickens of South Carolina. The county seat was relocated from Pickensville to Carrollton in 1830. [3]

Less than one-third of the county was developed for cotton plantations, which were worked by enslaved African-Americans brought south by northern businessmen interested in cheap cotton. These plantations were developed primarily in the southernmost reaches of the county, in the lowlands along the banks of the Tombigbee River and stretching over a small prairie-like area. The rest of the county was settled by yeomen farmers who held few slaves; it was topographically unsuited for plantation-scale farming operations.[ citation needed ]

During the American Civil War, the first courthouse in Carrollton was burned on April 5, 1865, by troops of Union General John T. Croxton. Recovering from that and other damage was part of the postwar work for the county. [3]

A second courthouse was built in Carrollton. It was destroyed by fire on November 16, 1876, during the last months of the Reconstruction era. Though arson was suspected, no arrest was made until January 1878, after white Democrats had regained control of the state legislature and the county sheriff's office. White racial hostility toward African Americans in the county, and their efforts to retain dominance, resulted in numerous lynchings. [3]

According to the third edition of Lynching in America, a study of lynchings of African Americans in the United States, the county had 14 documented lynchings of African Americans in Pickens County from 1877 to 1917; this is the fifth-highest total in the state. [4] This was the period of Jim Crow and disenfranchisement of blacks throughout Alabama and the South.

Henry Wells, an African American, was arrested in January 1878 as a suspect in the courthouse arson and a burglary. He was captured in an arrest for the burglary, in which he was shot and wounded. Reportedly confessing to the courthouse arson (likely under coercion), he died five days later of his wounds. A myth associated his death with another lynching of an African-American man in this period, and an image, purportedly of Wells' face in a courthouse window. But while numerous African Americans were lynched in the courthouse square, the windows in the courthouse were not installed until February and March 1878.

In the late 19th century, there was strong hostility in Pickens County among yeomen whites against freedmen, and they committed numerous lynchings into the early 20th century. The county was a populist stronghold in the 1890s and many voters had joined the Farmers Alliance. Agricultural commissioner and populist choice Reuben F. Kolb was defeated in 1890 for the Democratic nomination for governor by Thomas G. Jones, chosen by delegates who joined to defeat Kolb. [5] In 1892 both ran again, Kolb representing Jeffersonian Democrats, and Kolb the main Democratic Party. [5] Kolb won in Pickens County by "an immense majority". [6] Governor Jones was re-elected, in part because of his reliance on a platform of white supremacy, to appeal to whites alarmed by Kolb's promising to protect African-American rights. But Jones supported reform, opposing the convict lease system that trapped so many African Americans in near-slavery conditions. [5]

Electoral unrest and populist furor in the county may have contributed to six lynchings in Carrollton in the fall of 1893. On September 14, 1893, African-American suspects Paul Archer, Will Archer, Emma Fair, Ed Guyton, and Paul Hill, were each shot to death in a mass lynching by a white mob at the courthouse jail. They had been arrested when accused of burning a mill and cotton gin owned by a white man. Their lynchings followed that of Joe Floyd, another African-American worker, two weeks before. [7] [6]

On August 28, 1907, African-American John Gibson was lynched in Carrollton, hanged to death in the courthouse square. [8] John Lipsep was hanged and shot in early September 1907, a suspect in an attack on a white woman. [9]

20th century to present

From 1940 to 1970, many African Americans left Pickens County to escape racial violence and oppression in the Great Migration to urban areas, as did other rural residents, because of lack of economic opportunity.

On April 8, 1998, a supercell thunderstorm produced an F3 tornado in Pickens County. This windstorm injured two people and damaged five homes including mobile homes. It rotated seventeen miles (27 km) from Holman to north of Northport. Twenty-four homes and thirteen mobile homes were also in the path of destruction. Moments later, that same supercell thunderstorm produced an F5 tornado that struck northeastern Tuscaloosa near the Black Warrior River before entering western Jefferson County where it destroyed Oak Grove High School and killed thirty-two people in its path.

From 2000 to 2013 the county was again losing population. From July 2013 to July 2014, the population grew by 5.1%, making it the fourth-fastest growing county with at least 10,000 inhabitants. In 2014 it became the fastest-growing county in Alabama. But part of the growth was the result of the construction here of the Federal Correctional Institution, Aliceville federal women's prison. Prisoners are included in local census numbers, as are prison employees, some of whom came from other counties. [10]

In 2016, Black disabled veteran Sean Worsley was arrested in Pickens County for possession of prescription medical marijuana by Police Officer Carl Abramo of the Gordo Police Department. Worsley was arrested after stopping at a gas station when Abramo allegedly heard loud music and "observed a black male get out of the passenger side vehicle". In 2020, Mr. Worsley was extradited from his home state in Arizona to Pickens County, where he was sentenced by a judge to 60 months in the custody of the Alabama Department of Corrections. [11] [12]

In 2019, Sheriff David Abston resigned as part of a plea deal with federal officials. He pleaded guilty to scamming a local food bank and his own church for food to feed county prisoners. He then was able to pocket the savings. Abston had served in the office for more than thirty years. [13]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 890 square miles (2,300 km2), of which 881 square miles (2,280 km2) is land and 8.7 square miles (23 km2) (1.0%) is water. [14]

The county is between Tuscaloosa County and the Alabama-Mississippi state line. [10]

Adjacent counties

Transportation

Major highways

Rail

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
1830 6,622
1840 17,118158.5%
1850 21,51225.7%
1860 22,3163.7%
1870 17,690−20.7%
1880 21,47921.4%
1890 22,4704.6%
1900 24,4028.6%
1910 25,0552.7%
1920 25,3531.2%
1930 24,902−1.8%
1940 27,67111.1%
1950 24,349−12.0%
1960 21,882−10.1%
1970 20,326−7.1%
1980 21,4815.7%
1990 20,699−3.6%
2000 20,9491.2%
2010 19,746−5.7%
2020 19,123−3.2%
2023 (est.)18,688 [15] −2.3%
U.S. Decennial Census [16]
1790–1960 [17] 1900–1990 [18]
1990–2000 [19] 2010–2020 [1]

2020 Census

Pickens County, Alabama – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic)Pop 2000 [20] Pop 2010 [21] Pop 2020 [22] % 2000% 2010% 2020
White alone (NH)11,67611,02710,06655.74%55.84%52.64%
Black or African American alone (NH)8,9408,1697,44842.68%41.37%38.95%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH)2428230.11%0.14%0.12%
Asian alone (NH)2232780.11%0.16%0.41%
Pacific Islander alone (NH)5100.02%0.01%0.00%
Other race alone (NH)1718120.08%0.09%0.06%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH)1181584430.56%0.80%2.32%
Hispanic or Latino (any race)1473131,0530.70%1.59%5.51%
Total20,94919,74619,123100.00%100.00%100.00%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 19,123 people, 7,637 households, and 5,074 families residing in the county.

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 19,746 people in the county. 56.3% were White, 41.6% Black or African American, 0.2% Asian, 0.1% Native American, 0.6% of some other race and 1.2% of two or more races. 1.6% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).

2000 census

As of the census [23] of 2000, there were 20,949 people, 8,086 households, and 5,789 families residing in the county. The population density was 24 people per square mile (9.3 people/km2). There were 9,520 housing units at an average density of 11 units per square mile (4.2 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 55.95% White, 42.96% Black or African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.22% from other races, and 0.63% from two or more races. About 0.70% of the population were Hispanic or Latino.

There were 8,086 households, out of which 32.60% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.80% were married couples living together, 18.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.40% were non-families. Nearly 26.40% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.56, and the average family size was 3.11.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 27.30% under the age of 18, 8.50% from 18 to 24, 25.80% from 25 to 44, 22.80% from 45 to 64, and 15.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.30 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $26,254, and the median income for a family was $32,938. Males had a median income of $28,843 versus $20,569 for females. The per capita income for the county was $13,746. About 20.10% of families and 24.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 34.30% of those under age 18 and 22.30% of those age 65 or over.

Government

United States presidential election results for Pickens County, Alabama [24]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.%No.%No.%
2020 5,59457.86%4,02241.60%520.54%
2016 5,45657.18%3,97241.63%1141.19%
2012 5,12453.26%4,45546.30%420.44%
2008 5,43453.98%4,59445.63%390.39%
2004 5,17056.61%3,91542.87%470.51%
2000 4,30650.42%4,14348.51%911.07%
1996 3,32242.74%4,01851.69%4335.57%
1992 3,63444.63%3,78346.46%7258.90%
1988 3,85155.16%3,10744.50%240.34%
1984 4,68556.47%3,58643.23%250.30%
1980 3,58243.78%4,50455.05%961.17%
1976 2,96943.75%3,77655.64%410.60%
1972 4,07167.33%1,93331.97%420.69%
1968 3215.07%1,43422.66%4,57372.27%
1964 3,41682.08%00.00%74617.92%
1960 1,27740.46%1,83658.17%431.36%
1956 99335.16%1,66058.78%1716.06%
1952 90537.06%1,51962.20%180.74%
1948 915.97%00.00%1,43394.03%
1944 20912.30%1,48287.23%80.47%
1940 1407.51%1,71492.00%90.48%
1936 1076.01%1,66593.49%90.51%
1932 1287.54%1,47987.10%915.36%
1928 63438.15%1,02861.85%00.00%
1924 13211.05%1,04587.45%181.51%
1920 26315.45%1,41983.37%201.18%
1916 21815.36%1,17983.09%221.55%
1912 222.38%81588.01%899.61%
1908 697.22%81685.36%717.43%
1904 1059.89%86681.54%918.57%

Communities

Cities

Towns

Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 10, 2023.
  2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. 1 2 3 Siebenthaler, Donna J. "Pickens County" . Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  4. "Supplement: Lynchings by County/ Alabama: Pickens", 3rd edition Archived October 23, 2017, at the Wayback Machine , from Lynching in America: Confronting the Legacy of Racial Terror, 2015, Equal Justice Institute, Montgomery, Alabama
  5. 1 2 3 Paul McWhorter Pruitt Jr., Governors: "Thomas Goode Jones (1890-94)", Encyclopedia of Alabama, February 13, 2008/updated August 22, 2017; accessed April 17, 2018
  6. 1 2 "A Horrible Butchery", Vernon Courier (Lamar County, Alabama), September 21, 1893; posted in Genealogy Trails; accessed April 15, 2018
  7. "Paul Archer, Will Archer, Emma Fair, Ed Guyton & Paul Hill, Carrollton, Pickens County, Alabama", Equal Justice Initiative website, 2017; accessed April 15, 2018
  8. "Negro Lynched". Macon Beacon. August 31, 1907. Retrieved December 16, 2017.
  9. "Alabama Negro Lynched", The Catahoula News (Harrisonbury, LA), September 7, 1907, p. 1; posted in Genealogy Trails; accessed April 15, 2018
  10. 1 2 Kirby, Brendan. "How a prison made rural Alabama area one of America's fastest-growing counties", (Archive). Al.com. March 26, 2015. Updated April 30, 2015. Retrieved on December 30, 2015.
  11. Crowder, Carla (June 30, 2020). "A Disabled Black Veteran with Prescribed Medical Marijuana in His Car Played Air Guitar while Pumping Gas in Alabama. Now He's Going to Prison". Alabama Appleseed. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
  12. Armus, Teo (July 14, 2020). "A disabled black veteran drove through Alabama with medical marijuana. Now he faces five years in prison". The Washington Post .
  13. Reeves, Jeff (June 14, 2019). "Alabama sheriff charged with scamming food bank, church". SF Gate. Retrieved June 15, 2019.
  14. "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
  15. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 27, 2024.
  16. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
  17. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
  18. Forstall, Richard L., ed. (March 24, 1995). "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
  19. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. April 2, 2001. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
  20. "P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Pickens County, Alabama". United States Census Bureau .
  21. "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Pickens County, Alabama". United States Census Bureau .
  22. "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Pickens County, Alabama". United States Census Bureau .
  23. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved May 14, 2011.
  24. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections" . Retrieved November 21, 2016.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bibb County, Alabama</span> County in Alabama, United States

Bibb County is a county in the central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. The county is included in the ARC's definition of Appalachia. As of the 24th decennial 2020 census, its population was 22,293. The county seat is Centreville. The county is named in honor of William W. Bibb (1781–1820), the Governor of Alabama Territory (1817–1819) and the first Governor of Alabama. He is also the namesake for Bibb County, Georgia, where he began his political career. It is a "prohibition" or dry county; however, a few towns have become "wet" by allowing the sale of alcoholic beverages: Woodstock, West Blocton, Centreville, and Brent. The Bibb County Courthouse is located in the county seat of Centreville.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chilton County, Alabama</span> County in Alabama, United States

Chilton County is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 45,014. The county seat is Clanton. Its name is in honor of William Parish Chilton, Sr. (1810–1871), a lawyer who became Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court and later represented Montgomery County in the Congress of the Confederate States of America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Etowah County, Alabama</span> County in Alabama, United States

Etowah County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census the population was 103,436. Its county seat is Gadsden. Its name is from a Cherokee word meaning "edible tree". In total area, it is the smallest county in Alabama, albeit one of the most densely populated. Etowah County comprises the Gadsden Metropolitan Statistical Area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dallas County, Alabama</span> County in Alabama, United States

Dallas County is a county located in the central part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, its population was 38,462. The county seat is Selma. Its name is in honor of United States Secretary of the Treasury Alexander J. Dallas, who served from 1814 to 1816.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fayette County, Alabama</span> County in Alabama, United States

Fayette County is a county located in the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 16,321. Its county seat is Fayette. Its name is in honor of the Marquis de Lafayette, who aided General George Washington in the American Revolutionary War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greene County, Alabama</span> County in Alabama, United States

Greene County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 7,730, the least populous county in Alabama. Its county seat is Eutaw. It was named in honor of Revolutionary War General Nathanael Greene of Rhode Island.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hale County, Alabama</span> County in Alabama, United States

Hale County is a county located in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 14,785. Its county seat is Greensboro. It is named in honor of Confederate officer Stephen Fowler Hale.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mobile County, Alabama</span> County in Alabama, United States

Mobile County is a county located in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Alabama. It is the third-most populous county in the state after Jefferson and Madison counties. As of the 2020 census, its population was 414,809. Its county seat is Mobile, which was founded as a deepwater port on the Mobile River. The only such port in Alabama, it has long been integral to the economy for providing access to inland waterways as well as the Gulf of Mexico.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monroe County, Alabama</span> County in Alabama, United States

Monroe County is a county located in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 19,772. Its county seat is Monroeville. Its name is in honor of James Monroe, fifth President of the United States. It is a dry county, in which the sale of alcoholic beverages is restricted or prohibited, but Frisco City and Monroeville are wet cities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sumter County, Alabama</span> County in Alabama, United States

Sumter County is a county located in the west central portion of Alabama. At the 2020 census, the population was 12,345. Its county seat is Livingston. Its name is in honor of General Thomas Sumter of South Carolina. The University of West Alabama is in Livingston.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tuscaloosa County, Alabama</span> County in Alabama, United States

Tuscaloosa County is a county in the northwest-central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama and is the center of commerce, education, industry, health care, and entertainment for the region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Walker County, Alabama</span> County in Alabama, United States

Walker County is a county located in the central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama. As of the 2020 census, the population was 65,342. Its county seat is Jasper. Its name is in honor of John Williams Walker, the first U.S. senator elected from Alabama.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Early County, Georgia</span> County in Georgia, United States

Early County is a county located on the southwest border of the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, the population was 10,854. The county seat is Blakely, where the Early County Courthouse is located. Created on December 15, 1818, it was named for Peter Early, 28th Governor of Georgia. The county is bordered on the west by the Chattahoochee River, forming the border with Alabama.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eutaw, Alabama</span> City in and county seat of Greene County, Alabama

Eutaw is a city in and the county seat of Greene County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, the population was 2,937. The city was named in honor of the Battle of Eutaw Springs, the last engagement of the American Revolutionary War in the Carolinas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aliceville, Alabama</span> City in Alabama, United States

Aliceville is a city in Pickens County, Alabama, United States, located thirty-six miles west of Tuscaloosa. At the 2010 census its population was 2,486, down from 2,567 in 2000. Founded in the first decade of the 20th century and incorporated in 1907, the city has become notable for its World War II-era prisoner-of-war camp, Camp Aliceville. Since 1930, it has been the largest municipality in Pickens County.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carrollton, Alabama</span> City in and county seat of Pickens County, Alabama

Carrollton is a city in and the county seat of Pickens County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 1,019, up from 987 in 2000.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gordo, Alabama</span> Town in Alabama, United States

Gordo is a town in Pickens County, Alabama, United States. At the 2020 census, its population was 1,628, down from 1,750 in 2010. It was the second-largest municipality in Pickens County as of 2020, after Aliceville. The town incorporated in 1900.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reform, Alabama</span> City in Alabama, United States

Reform is a city in Pickens County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 1,702, down from 1,978 in 2000. It is located approximately halfway between Columbus, Mississippi and Tuscaloosa on U.S. Route 82.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pickens, Mississippi</span> Town in Mississippi, United States

Pickens is a town in Holmes County, Mississippi, United States. Per the 2020 census, the population was 920.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tuscaloosa, Alabama metropolitan area</span> Metropolitan Statistical Area in Alabama, United States

The Tuscaloosa metropolitan area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, is an area consisting of four counties in west central Alabama, anchored by the city of Tuscaloosa. As of the 2020 census, the MSA had a population of 268,674.

References

33°16′43″N88°05′35″W / 33.27861°N 88.09306°W / 33.27861; -88.09306