Preston County, West Virginia

Last updated

Preston County
County
The Preston County Courthouse in Kingwood, West Virginia LCCN2015631570.tif
Preston County Courthouse
Administration building of the Arthurdale planned community, a communal town built during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Arthurdale, West Virginia LCCN2011634934.tif
Arthurdale New Deal Community
Cheat River Rowlesburg.jpg
Cheat River
Cranesville Swamp - Bog.jpg
Cranesville Swamp Preserve
James Clark McGrew House.jpg
James Clark McGrew House in Kingwood
Bicentennial Flag of Preston County, West Virginia.svg
Flag
Seal of Preston County, West Virginia.svg
Seal
Map of West Virginia highlighting Preston County.svg
Location of Preston County in West Virginia
West Virginia in United States.svg
West Virginia's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 39°28′N79°40′W / 39.47°N 79.67°W / 39.47; -79.67
Country Flag of the United States.svg United States
State Flag of West Virginia.svg West Virginia
FoundedJanuary 19, 1818
Named after James Patton Preston
Seat Kingwood
and Largest city
Government
 • Commission PresidentSamantha Stone (R) [1]
 • County CommissionDon Smith (R) [2]
Hunter Thomas (R) [3]
Area
 • Total
651 sq mi (1,690 km2)
 • Land649 sq mi (1,680 km2)
 • Water2.6 sq mi (6.7 km2)  0.4%
 • Rank 8th
Population
 (2020)
 • Total
34,216
 • Estimate 
(2021)
34,358 Increase2.svg
 • Rank 15th
 • Density52.7/sq mi (20.4/km2)
Time zone UTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST) UTC−4 (EDT)
Area codes 304, 681
Congressional district 2nd
Senate district 14th
House of Delegates district 83rd, 84th
Website http://www.prestoncountywv.org/

Preston County is a county located in the U.S. state of West Virginia. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 34,216. [4] Its county seat is Kingwood. [5] The county was formed from Monongalia County in 1818 and named for Virginia Governor James Patton Preston. [6]

Contents

Preston County is part of the Morgantown, WV Metropolitan Statistical Area, and is the southernmost county of the Pittsburgh media market. It is the home of The Buckwheat Festival, a county fair known for making buckwheat pancakes. [7]

History

Native Americans lived in (and traveled through) what would one day become Preston County; they crossed-over from the Ohio River watershed, which drains into the Mississippi River, into the Chesapeake Bay watershed. From 1736, European traders and explorers lived in the County, and one boundary stone was laid in 1746—the Fairfax Stone marking the limits of the North Branch of the River. Larger numbers of white settlers began arriving in 1766, with even more coming to the region after the American Revolutionary War. Traveling by foot or horseback, settlers built their own log cabins. Further development followed from 1818, when the National Road was built slightly to the north. When the earliest railroads came, in 1851, all land passed into private ownership, the population increased 70% in a decade, and industrialization truly began. [8]

During the American Civil War, more Preston County men enlisted in Union service than with the Confederacy. There were relatively few slave owners in Preston County, and naturally, few slaves. There were virtually none within a half-hour’s walk from the old Clarksburg-Winchester Road, dated to the late colonial era. The United States Census indicates that Preston County’s all-time slavery peak occurred in 1830, with 125 slaves accounted for, alongside 27 free colored persons. [9]

On June 20, 1863, Preston was one of 50 Virginia counties that were admitted to the Union as the State of West Virginia. Later that year, the counties were divided into civil townships, with the intention of encouraging local government. This proved impractical in the heavily rural state of West Virginia, and the townships were converted into magisterial districts in 1872. [10] Preston County was divided into eight districts: Grant, Kingwood, Lyon, Pleasant, Portland, Reno, Union, and Valley. These remained largely unchanged until the 1990s, when they were consolidated into five new magisterial districts: First, Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth. [11]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 651 square miles (1,690 km2), of which 649 square miles (1,680 km2) is land and 2.6 square miles (6.7 km2) (0.4%) is water. [12]

Climate

In West Virginia's coldest month of January 1977, Terra Alta in Preston County saw a statewide record snowfall of 104 inches (2.64 m). [13]

The county has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb). Average monthly temperatures in Kingwood range from 28.7 °F in January to 70.2 °F in July.

Major Highways

Adjacent Counties

National Protected Area

State parks

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
1820 3,422—
1830 5,14450.3%
1840 6,86633.5%
1850 11,70870.5%
1860 13,31213.7%
1870 14,5559.3%
1880 19,09131.2%
1890 20,3556.6%
1900 22,72711.7%
1910 26,34115.9%
1920 27,9966.3%
1930 29,0433.7%
1940 30,4164.7%
1950 31,3993.2%
1960 27,233−13.3%
1970 25,455−6.5%
1980 30,46019.7%
1990 29,037−4.7%
2000 29,3341.0%
2010 33,52014.3%
2020 34,2162.1%
U.S. Decennial Census [14]
1790–1960 [15] 1900–1990 [16]
1990–2000 [17] 2010–2020 [4]

2020 Census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 34,216. Of the residents, 18.8% were under the age of 18 and 20.0% were 65 years of age or older; the median age was 43.5 years. For every 100 females there were 112.1 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 112.3 males. [18] The racial makeup of the county was 90.1% White, 6.0% Black or African American, 0.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.2% Asian, 0.2% from some other race, and 3.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 2.0% of the population. [19] There were 12,945 households in the county, of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 22.7% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 27.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. [18] There were 15,174 housing units, of which 14.7% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 81.1% were owner-occupied and 18.9% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3% and the rental vacancy rate was 7.7%. [18]

2020 American Community Survey

According to the 2020 American Community Survey, 56.8% of households were married couples living together, 22.7% had a female householder with no spouse present, and 14.4% had a male householder with no spouse present; the average household and family size was 3.04. [20] The median income for a household was $55,755 and the poverty rate was 14.4%. [20]

2010 Census

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 33,520 people, 12,895 households, and 9,038 families residing in the county. [21] The population density was 51.7 inhabitants per square mile (20.0/km2). There were 15,097 housing units at an average density of 23.3 per square mile (9.0/km2). [22] The racial makeup of the county was 97.6% white, 1.1% black or African American, 0.2% American Indian, 0.1% Asian, 0.2% from other races, and 0.8% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 0.7% of the population. [21] In terms of ancestry, 29.4% were German, 14.3% were Irish, 9.5% were American, and 8.9% were English. [23]

Of the 12,895 households, 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.1% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 29.9% were non-families, and 24.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 2.84. The median age was 42.0 years. [21]

The age distribution was 19.55% under the age of 18, 7.36% from 18 to 24, 27.58% from 25 to 44, 29.83% from 45 to 64, and 15.68% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.63 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.48 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $40,753 and the median income for a family was $46,622. Males had a median income of $38,713 versus $25,808 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,329. About 10.1% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.0% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over. [24]

Politics and Government

Federal Politics

Preston County lies within West Virginia's 2nd congressional district. The current representative of the district is Riley Moore (R).

Generally speaking, most of the State of West Virginia became a Republican bastion in the 21st century, after having leaned heavily Democratic between the New Deal and Bill Clinton. However, Preston County has seemingly always been a Republican stronghold, if not quite as ‘rock-ribbed’ as its neighbor, Grant County, or nearby Garrett County, Maryland, two counties that have historically never voted for a Democrat in the post-Civil War years. Preston County has, by comparison, voted Democratic on at least one occasion, during Lyndon Johnson’s 1964 landslide election; however, Johnson's win over Barry Goldwater was much more decisive than his narrow victory in analogous Upshur County, and Bill Clinton came within 20 votes in 1996.

Voter registration and party enrollment in Preston County [25]
PartyTotalPercentage
Democratic 4,30222.25%
Republican 10,26453.10%
Independents, unaffiliated, and other4,76524.65%
Total19,371100.00%
United States presidential election results for Preston County, West Virginia [26]
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
№ %№ %№ %
1912 1,46124.70%1,84531.20%2,60844.10%
1916 3,83868.09%1,69430.05%1051.86%
1920 6,72974.73%2,15023.88%1251.39%
1924 6,39668.22%2,44526.08%5345.70%
1928 7,78376.18%2,35523.05%780.76%
1932 6,35956.05%4,87242.94%1151.01%
1936 7,55358.11%5,41041.62%340.26%
1940 8,21363.46%4,73036.54%00.00%
1944 6,78569.36%2,99730.64%00.00%
1948 6,02062.73%3,52736.75%490.51%
1952 8,05965.32%4,27834.68%00.00%
1956 7,95370.27%3,36529.73%00.00%
1960 6,90862.07%4,22137.93%00.00%
1964 4,01539.06%6,26460.94%00.00%
1968 5,63655.16%4,02039.35%5615.49%
1972 7,80772.39%2,97727.61%00.00%
1976 5,71950.55%5,59549.45%00.00%
1980 5,82854.23%4,31740.17%6015.59%
1984 6,95563.05%4,05436.75%220.20%
1988 5,80456.92%4,35742.73%350.34%
1992 4,42942.20%3,93337.47%2,13320.32%
1996 4,25741.31%4,23741.11%1,81217.58%
2000 6,60763.29%3,51533.67%3173.04%
2004 7,85565.85%3,96333.22%1110.93%
2008 7,32562.10%4,20535.65%2662.26%
2012 7,88970.54%2,93126.21%3633.25%
2016 9,53874.73%2,47019.35%7565.92%
2020 11,19076.79%3,16321.70%2201.51%
2024 11,17677.24%2,95320.41%3402.35%

State Government

Preston County is represented by two Senators in the West Virginia Senate. Senate members Jay Taylor (R), and Randy Smith (R) both serve in West Virginia's 14th Senate district. [27] The county is also represented in the West Virginia House of Delegates by two Delegates. The Delegates for Preston County are George Street (R) for district 83 and D. Rolland Jennings (R) for district 84. [28]

Judicial Government

Preston County was combined with Tucker County, West Virginia in 2025 to create the new 22nd Judicial Circuit. There are currently two circuit judges in the 22nd Circuit: Chief Judge, Steven L. Shaffer, who was originally elected in 2018 and reelected in 2024 and Judge, Hilary M. Bright, who was elected in 2024. [29] Since 2016, judicial elections in West Virginia have been nonpartisan. [30]

County Government

Preston County is governed by a county commission. The Commission is made up of the Commission President and Commissioners who wield administrative/executive powers of the county's government. Don Smith (R), elected in 2014 and reelected in 2020, is the current President of the County Commission. The Preston County Commission consists of two other members. The current other members of the County Commission are Samantha Stone (R), elected in 2018 and Hunter Thomas (R), elected in 2022. [31] The county government also consists of the Prosecuting Attorney of Preston County, James E. Shay, Jr. (R), elected in 2020; Sheriff, Scott Spiker (R), elected in 2024; Assessor, David Nestor (R), elected in 2024; County Clerk, David Sypolt (R), appointed in 2025; and Circuit Clerk, Lisa Leishman (R), appointed in 2020 and elected in 2022. [32]

Communities

City

Towns

Magisterial districts

Current

  • First
  • Second
  • Third
  • Fourth
  • Fifth

Historic

  • Grant
  • Kingwood
  • Lyon
  • Pleasant
  • Portland
  • Reno
  • Union
  • Valley

Census-designated place

Unincorporated communities

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Preston swears in new commissioner". The Dominion Post. Retrieved October 25, 2023.
  2. ↑ "2020 General Election Results: Preston County". WBOY-TV. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
  3. ↑ "Summary Results Report WV Preston County Results". Preston County Clerk. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
  4. 1 2 "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 20, 2022.
  5. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  6. ↑ West Virginia Counties Archived September 23, 2001, at the Wayback Machine . Wvculture.org. Retrieved on July 24, 2013.
  7. ↑ "Preston County Buckwheat Festival". VisitMountaineerCountry.com. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
  8. ↑ Oren Morton, A History of Preston County, part 1 (Kingwood W.Va., Journal Publishing Company 1914) pp. 9-11
  9. ↑ Morton p. 138
  10. ↑ Otis K. Rice & Stephen W. Brown, West Virginia: A History, 2nd ed., University Press of Kentucky, Lexington (1993), p. 240.
  11. ↑ United States Census Bureau, U.S. Decennial Census, Tables of Minor Civil Divisions in West Virginia, 1870–2010.
  12. ↑ "2010 Census Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. August 22, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2015.
  13. ↑ West Virginia encyclopedia; The Weather
  14. ↑ "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  15. ↑ "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  16. ↑ "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  17. ↑ "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved January 11, 2014.
  18. 1 2 3 "2020 Decennial Census Demographic Profile (DP1)". United States Census Bureau. United States Census Bureau. 2021. Retrieved 2025-12-01.
  19. ↑ "2020 Decennial Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171)". United States Census Bureau. United States Census Bureau. 2021. Retrieved 2025-12-01.
  20. 1 2 "Explore Census Data". data.census.gov. Retrieved March 30, 2023.
  21. 1 2 3 "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  22. ↑ "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  23. ↑ "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  24. ↑ "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved April 3, 2016.
  25. ↑ "West Virginia Voter Registration" (PDF). West Virginia Secretary of State. July 31, 2023. Retrieved October 24, 2023.
  26. ↑ Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved March 28, 2018.
  27. ↑ "Senate District Map". West Virginia Legislature.
  28. ↑ "House Select Committee on Redistricting". West Virginia Legislature.
  29. ↑ "Lower Courts - Circuit Courts | West Virginia Judiciary". www.courtswv.gov. Retrieved December 23, 2025.
  30. ↑ "West Virginia Code Section 3-1-17". West Virginia Code. Retrieved December 23, 2025.
  31. ↑ "COUNTY COMMISSION". Preston County Commission.
  32. ↑ "Departments". Preston County Commission West Virginia. Retrieved December 23, 2025.

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