Thom Brooks | |
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Born | Thomas Brooks 14 October 1973 New Haven, Connecticut, US |
Nationality | United States United Kingdom |
Title | Professor of Law and Government |
Academic background | |
Education | Xavier High School |
Alma mater | |
Thesis | Taking the System Seriously: Themes in Hegel's Philosophy of Right (2004) |
Doctoral advisor | Robert Stern and Leif Wenar |
Academic work | |
Discipline | |
Sub-discipline | |
Institutions | Durham University Newcastle University |
Notable works |
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Notable ideas |
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Thomas "Thom" Brooks, FRHistS , FAcSS , FRSA , FHEA (born 14 October 1973) is an American-British political philosopher and legal scholar. He has been Professor of Law and Government at Durham University since 2014, and was the Dean of Durham Law School from 2016 to 2021. He was previously a lecturer then Reader at Newcastle University. He has been a visiting scholar at several Ivy League and Russell Group universities. He was the founding editor of the Journal of Moral Philosophy .
Brooks was born on 14 October 1973 in New Haven, Connecticut and raised nearby in Guilford, Connecticut. He was educated at Xavier High School, an all-boys private Catholic school in Middletown, Connecticut, United States. [1] From 1992 to 1997, he studied at William Paterson University. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) degree in 1997, majoring in music and political science. He then studied political science at Arizona State University and graduated with a Master of Arts (MA) degree in 1999. He studied for an MA in philosophy at University College Dublin, graduating in 2000 with first class honours. [2] From 2001, he undertook postgraduate research in philosophy at the University of Sheffield under the supervision of Robert Stern and Leif Wenar. [2] [3] He completed his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in 2004. [2] His doctoral thesis was titled "Taking the System Seriously: Themes in Hegel's Philosophy of Right". [3] [4]
Brooks started his academic career at Newcastle University. He was a lecturer in political thought from 2004 to 2007. [1] From 2004 to 2005, he was also a visiting fellow at the Centre for Ethics, Philosophy and Public Affairs, University of St Andrews. [2] In 2007, he was promoted to reader in political and legal philosophy. [1] From 2010 to 2011, he was an academic visitor to the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Oxford and received a visiting fellowship to St John's College, Oxford in 2012. [2] His "Publishing Guide for Graduate Students" aims to fill the gap in advice that graduate students may face when attempting to become published in humanities and social sciences. [5]
In 2012, Brooks joined the Durham Law School, Durham University, as a reader in law, and its Philosophy Department as an associate member. [1] [2] He was appointed Professor of Law and Government in 2014. [2] Between 2014 and 2016, he served as Director of the Centre for Criminal Law and Criminal Justice at Durham University. [1] In 2015, he was a visiting fellow to Yale Law School, Yale University. [2] [6]
On 1 August 2016, was appointed head of the Durham Law School and the school's inaugural dean. As dean, Brooks introduced Chinese law into the LLB and LLM curriculum alongside a new annual Chinese law summer school - the first ever in the UK and first time in English outside Asia. [7] He stepped down as dean in 2021. [8]
In 2013, Brooks wrote a report analysing the United Kingdom's new citizenship test. His report was titled "The 'Life in the United Kingdom test': Is It Unfit for Purpose?". He was highly critical of the test, concluding that it was "unfit for purpose". He criticised the test's focus on "British culture and history at the expense of practical knowledge". [9]
Brooks publishes widely on criminal justice and sentencing. His "unified theory of punishment" is noted as one of the top 100 Big Ideas for the Future in a report by RCUK. [10] Brooks has written three books, edited two reports and 23 collections, published over 130 articles and 150 columns. [2] His research on capital punishment is quoted and cited by the Connecticut Supreme Court lead decision in its case of State v. Santiago (Santiago II), 318 Conn. 1, 105 (2015) abolishing capital punishment in Connecticut. [11] In 2015, the Electoral Commission quotes Brooks in support of its proposed changes to the EU Referendum. They proposed changing the ballot choices to "Remain" and "Leave" and this was later accepted by the UK Government. [12] [13]
Brooks appears frequently on media, including television, radio and newspapers often discussing migration policy. [14] [15] He has been interviewed by Andrew Marr. [16]
Brooks is an Advisory Editor of the University of Bologna Law Review, a general student-edited law journal published by the Department of Legal Studies of the University of Bologna. [17]
Brooks has been a citizen of the United States since birth. In 2009, he gained indefinite leave to remain in the United Kingdom. He became a citizen of the United Kingdom in 2011, and therefore holds dual citizenship. [18] His report is cited several times in Parliamentary debates. [19] Brooks has been called "the UK's leading expert on the citizenship test". [20] His recommendations for reforming the test have been widely influential. [21]
Brooks is a member of the British Labour Party and the UNISON trade union. He has written about his view of the Labour Party's policy on immigration, including making a range of proposals on the topic. [22] [23] [24] [25] He is the chair of the Sedgefield and Fishburn branch of the Sedgefield Constituency Labour Party. He has made past comments supporting New Labour and Sedgefield's Tony Blair, [26] and supported Liz Kendall in the 2015 Labour leadership contest. [27] He has championed party unity over factionalism. [28] Brooks is a vocal supporter of Labour Leader Keir Starmer, [29] whom he has supported since his election to Parliament in 2015. [30] In 2022, Brooks published a Fabian Society pamphlet New Arrivals: A Fair Immigration System for Labour that presented a new model for a Labour-led post-Brexit points-based system modelled on Starmer's vision. [31]
Brooks writes columns for The Daily Telegraph , The Guardian , The Independent , LabourList , The Times and others often on immigration topics. [32] [33] [34] [35] [36]
In 2009, Brooks was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences (FAcSS). [1] In 2010, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Historical Society (FRHistS). In 2012, Brooks was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts (FRSA). In 2014, he was elected a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (FHEA). [1] In 2018, he became an Academic Bencher of the Honourable Society of Inner Temple. [2] In 2021, he was elected member of the Academia Europaea. [37]
Citizenship is a membership and allegiance to a sovereign state.
Jus sanguinis is a principle of nationality law by which nationality is determined or acquired by the nationality of one or both parents. Children at birth may be nationals of a particular state if either or both of their parents have nationality of that state. It may also apply to national identities of ethnic, cultural, or other origins. Citizenship can also apply to children whose parents belong to a diaspora and were not themselves citizens of the state conferring citizenship. This principle contrasts with jus soli, which is solely based on the place of birth.
New Labour is the political philosophy that dominated the history of the British Labour Party from the mid- to late 1990s until 2010 under the leadership of Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. The term originated in a conference slogan first used by the party in 1994, later seen in a draft manifesto which was published in 1996 and titled New Labour, New Life for Britain. It was presented as the brand of a newly reformed party that had altered the old Clause IV and instead endorsed market economics. The branding was extensively used while the party was in government between 1997 and 2010. New Labour was influenced by the political thinking of Anthony Crosland and the leadership of Blair and Brown as well as Peter Mandelson and Alastair Campbell's media campaigning. The political philosophy of New Labour was influenced by the party's development of Anthony Giddens' Third Way which attempted to provide a synthesis between capitalism and socialism. The party emphasised the importance of social justice, rather than equality, emphasising the need for equal opportunity and believed in the use of markets to deliver economic efficiency and social justice.
Charles Margrave Taylor is a Canadian philosopher from Montreal, Quebec, and professor emeritus at McGill University best known for his contributions to political philosophy, the philosophy of social science, the history of philosophy, and intellectual history. His work has earned him the Kyoto Prize, the Templeton Prize, the Berggruen Prize for Philosophy, and the John W. Kluge Prize.
The Life in the United Kingdom test is a computer-based test constituting one of the requirements for anyone seeking Indefinite Leave to Remain in the UK or naturalisation as a British citizen. It is meant to prove that the applicant has a sufficient knowledge of British life. The test is a requirement under the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002. It consists of 24 questions covering topics such as British values, history, traditions and everyday life. The test has been frequently criticised for containing factual errors, expecting candidates to know information that would not be expected of native-born citizens as well as being just a "bad pub quiz" and "unfit for purpose".
Objective idealism is a philosophical theory that affirms the ideal and spiritual nature of the world and conceives of the idea of which the world is made as the objective and rational form in reality rather than as subjective content of the mind or mental representation. Objective idealism thus differs both from materialism, which holds that the external world is independent of cognizing minds and that mental processes and ideas are by-products of physical events, and from subjective idealism, which conceives of reality as totally dependent on the consciousness of the subject and therefore relative to the subject itself.
Kwame Akroma-Ampim Kusi Anthony Appiah is a British-American philosopher and writer who has written about political philosophy, ethics, the philosophy of language and mind, and African intellectual history. Appiah is Professor of Philosophy and Law at New York University, where he joined the faculty in 2014. He was previously the Laurance S. Rockefeller University Professor of Philosophy at Princeton University. Appiah was elected President of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in January 2022.
Since 1945, immigration to the United Kingdom, controlled by British immigration law and to an extent by British nationality law, has been significant, in particular from the Republic of Ireland and from the former British Empire, especially India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, the Caribbean, South Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, Kenya, and Hong Kong. Since the accession of the UK to the European Communities in the 1970s and the creation of the EU in the early 1990s, immigrants relocated from member states of the European Union, exercising one of the European Union's Four Freedoms. In 2021, since Brexit came into effect, previous EU citizenship's right to newly move to and reside in the UK on a permanent basis does not apply anymore. A smaller number have come as asylum seekers seeking protection as refugees under the United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention.
Sedgefield was a constituency in County Durham represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament from 2019 until its abolition for the 2024 general election by Paul Howell of the Conservative Party.
City of Durham is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2019 by Mary Kelly Foy of the Labour Party.
North West Durham was a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament.
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Sir Anthony Charles Lynton Blair is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007. He was Leader of the Opposition from 1994 to 1997 and held various shadow cabinet posts from 1987 to 1994. Blair was Member of Parliament (MP) for Sedgefield from 1983 to 2007, and was special envoy of the Quartet on the Middle East from 2007 to 2015. He is the second-longest-serving prime minister in post-war British history after Margaret Thatcher, the longest-serving Labour politician to have held the office, and the first and only person to date to lead the party to three consecutive general election victories.
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