Chowdhury

Last updated

Chowdhury
Pronunciation
  • chow-dhuree
  • chaw-dree
  • chow-dree
Origin
Meaning"Holder of four"; "four-way duties"; "four responsibilities"
Region of originIndian subcontinent
Other names
Variant form(s) Chaudhary, Chaudri, Choudhary, Chaudhry, Chowdary, Chowdhry, Chowdhary, Chaudry, Choudary, Choudhry, Chaudhuri, Chaudhari, Chudhry, Choudhari, Choudhury, Chowdhuri, Chowduri, Chaudhurani, Choudhurani, Chowdhurani, Chowdhrani, Choudhrani, Chaudhrani.

Chowdhury (also: Choudhuri, Chaudhuri, Choudhury, Chaudhri, Chaudhary, Chaudhry) is a title of honour, usually hereditary, originating from the Indian subcontinent. [1] It is an adaption from Sanskrit. During the Mughal rule, it was a title awarded to eminent people, while during British rule, the term was associated with zamindars and social leaders. The common female equivalent was Chowdhurani. [2]

Contents

Meaning

"Chowdhury" is a term adapted from the Sanskrit words čatus "four-way, all-round" and dhurīya "undertaking a burden", denoting the head of a community or caste. [1]

Significance

It was a title awarded to persons of eminence, including both Muslims and Hindus, during the Mughal Empire. It was also used as a title by military commanders responsible for four separate forces, including the cavalry, navy, infantry and elephant corps. [1] These people belonged to the zamindar families in British India. [3] [ verification needed ]

Later, the Mughals and the Nawabs conferred the same title in great numbers. Chaudharies were local magnates responsible for land taxes alongside an amil (revenue collector) and a karkun (accountant) in the local-level administrative units known as parganas . [4] [5] [6]

In modern times, the term is a common South Asian surname for both males and females.

In Odisha "Choudhury" surname holders are mostly Zamindar Karanas [7] and Utkal Brahmins.

Chaudhary is also a common last name among the Tharu community of Nepal.

Regional

In the Chittagong Hill Tracts, the titular Rajas of the Bohmong Circle and Mong Circle have the surname Chowdhury. [8] [9] [10] [11]

The Bengali Muslim Mirashdars [note 1] living in the former Kachari Kingdom were given titles by the Kachari Raja, which in modern-day acts as a surname for them. [13]

In Bihar, the Pasi are also known as the Chaudhary, a community traditionally connected with toddy tapping. [14]

In Rajasthan, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Chaudhary surname is widely used by Jat community while some other communities using it are Rajputs, Gurjars, Ahirs, Dalits, etc. [15] [16] [17] This surname is popular in North India and it conveys honour and strength. [18] [19] It is typically used as a prefix before the given name, often represented by the prefix 'Ch' such as Ch. Charan Singh, 5th prime minister of India and Ch. Devi Lal, 6th deputy prime minister of India.

Deshastha Brahmins and Kammas from Andhra Pradesh and Telangana who got this as a title during Qutb Shahis of Golconda and Nizams of Hyderabad also use Chowdhari or Chowdhury as their surnames. [20] [21] [22]

Alternate spellings

Its alternate spellings include: Chaudhary, Chaudri, Chaudhri, Choudhary, Chaudhry, Chowdary, Chowdhary, Chaudry, Choudry, Choudhry, Choudary, Chaudhuri, Chaudhari, Chudhry, Choudhari, Choudhury, Chowdhuri and Chowdury. [1] The female equivalent is Chaudhurani and alternate spellings include: Choudhurani, Chowdhurani, Chowdhrani, Choudhrani, Chaudhrani.

Chowdhury by country

Bangladesh

Faizunnesa Choudhurani Faizunnesa.jpg
Faizunnesa Choudhurani
Abdul Latif Chowdhury Fultali Saheb Qiblah.gif
Abdul Latif Chowdhury Fultali
Abdul Hamid Chowdhury Abdul Hamid Chowdhury.jpg
Abdul Hamid Chowdhury
Dr. Tawfiq-e-Elahi Chowdhury Tawfiq-e-Elahi Chowdhury.jpg
Dr. Tawfiq-e-Elahi Chowdhury
Syed Nawab Ali Chowdhury Syed Nawab Ali Chowdhury.JPG
Syed Nawab Ali Chowdhury
Habibullah Bahar Chowdhury HabibullahBaharChowdhury.jpg
Habibullah Bahar Chowdhury
Abu Sayeed Chowdhury Abu Sayeed Chowdhury at the office of the Vice-Chancellor of Dacca University, November 1970.png
Abu Sayeed Chowdhury
Husam Uddin Chowdhury Fultali maaolaanaa muhaammd huchaamuddiin caudhurii phultlii.jpg
Husam Uddin Chowdhury Fultali

India

Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri General Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri.jpg
Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri

Andhra Pradesh and Telangana

Assam

Moinul Hoque Choudhury Moinul Hoque Choudhury.gif
Moinul Hoque Choudhury

Uttar Pradesh


West Bengal

Nepal

Fiji

Pakistan

Choudhry Rahmat Ali Choudhry Rahmat Ali.jpg
Choudhry Rahmat Ali

United Kingdom

United States

Chaudhary

Business

Acting, modeling and entertainment

Politics

Sports

Academia, science & scholarship

Journalism

Other occupations

Chaudhari

Chaudhari (Hindi : चौधरी, Punjabi : ਚੌਧਰੀ, Marathi : चौधरी) is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chaudhri

Chaudhuri

Chaudhurani

Fictional characters


Other

Further disambiguation pages

Organisations

Notes

  1. ↑ Mirashdar is a term referring to a landowner who pays taxes directly to the government. [12]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barisal Division</span> Division of Bangladesh

Barisal Division is one of the eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh. Located in the south-central part of the country, it has an area of 13,225 km2 (5,106 sq mi), and a population of 9,325,820 at the 2022 Census. It is the least populous Division in Bangladesh. It is bounded by Dhaka Division on the north, the Bay of Bengal on the south, Chittagong Division on the east and Khulna Division on the west. The administrative capital, Barisal city, lies in the Padma River delta on an offshoot of the Arial Khan River. Barisal division is criss-crossed by numerous rivers that earned it the nickname Dhan-Nodi-Khal, Ei tin-e Borishal.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bangla Academy</span> Bangladeshs national language authority

The Bangla Academy is the official regulatory body of the Bengali language in Bangladesh. It is an autonomous institution funded by the Government of Bangladesh that fosters the Bengali language, literature and culture, works to develop and implement national language policy and conducts original research in Bengali. Established in 1955, it is located in the Burdwan House in Shahbagh, Dhaka, within the grounds of the University of Dhaka and Suhrawardy Udyan. The Bangla Academy hosts the annual Ekushey Book Fair.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Manikganj District</span> District of Bangladesh in Dhaka

Manikganj District is a district in central Bangladesh and part of the Dhaka Division. It was established in 1845 as a subdivision of Faridpur District, then in 1953, it was transferred to Dhaka District for administrative purposes. Finally in 1984, Manikganj was declared a full district.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fazlul Qadir Chaudhry</span> Indian politician

Fazlul Quader Chowdhury was a Bengali politician who served as the 5th speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan from East Pakistan. He belonged to Ayub Khan's Convention Muslim League. He was also the acting president of Pakistan from time to time when Ayub Khan left the country. His elder brother Fazlul Kabir Chowdhury was the leader of the opposition in East Pakistan assembly. Quader was preceded by Maulvi Tamizuddin Khan of Awami League.

1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1971st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 971st year of the 2nd millennium, the 71st year of the 20th century, and the 2nd year of the 1970s decade.

Bengalis in Pakistan are ethnic Bengali people who had lived in either West Pakistan or East Pakistan prior to 1971 or live in present-day Pakistan. Most Pakistani Bengalis, are bilingual speaking both Urdu and Bengali and are mainly settled in Karachi. Bengalis that arrived in Pakistan before 1971 have now assimilated with the Urdu-speaking people in Karachi.

ʻAbd al-Ḥalīm is a male Muslim given name, and in modern usage, surname. It is built from the Arabic words ʻabd and al-Ḥalīm, one of the names of God in the Qur'an, which gives rise to the Muslim theophoric names. It means "servant of the all-clement".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Islam in West Bengal</span> Ethnic group

According to the 2011 census, West Bengal has over 24.6 million Muslims, making up 27% of the state's population. The vast majority of Muslims in West Bengal are ethnic native Bengali Muslims, numbering around over 22 million and comprising 24.1% of the state population. There also exists an Immigrants Urdu-speaking Muslim community numbering 2.6 million, constituting 2.9% of the state population and mostly resides in Urban areas of the state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bangladesh Academy of Sciences</span> Science institution in Bangladesh

Bangladesh Academy of Sciences (BAS) is an academic forum for Bangladeshi scientists and technologists. Established in 1973, it aims to fulfill the role of promoting research and development of sciences in Bangladesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tungipara Sheikh family</span> Bangladeshi political family

Tungipara Sheikh family of Tungipara is one of the two most prominent Bangladeshi political families, other being the Zia family. The family primarily consists of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Sheikh Hasina, Sheikh Rehana and their relatives. Their political involvement has traditionally revolved around the Bangladesh Awami League.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Banani graveyard</span> Cemeteries in Dhaka, Bangladesh

The Banani graveyard is a cemetery in the Banani neighbourhood of Dhaka. It is one of eight state-run graveyards in Dhaka and, with a capacity for around 22,000 graves, one of the largest graveyards in that city. It covers approximately 10 acres and two to three burials take place every day. Banani graveyard is the resting place for a number of notable Bangladeshis, amongst them the victims of the coup d'ètat of August 15, 1975. The graveyard was established in 1973.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Hanks, Patrick; Coates, Richard; McClure, Peter (17 November 2016). "Chowdhury" . The Oxford Dictionary of Family Names in Britain and Ireland. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acref/9780199677764.001.0001. ISBN   978-0-19-967776-4.
  2. ↑ Karim, Elita (1 August 2008). "A Dedicated Educationist". History. Star Weekend Magazine. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  3. ↑ The Journal of the Anthropological Survey of India, Volume 51. Anthropology Survey of India. 2002. p. 204.
  4. ↑ "Administrative System - Sultani Period" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  5. ↑ "University of Calicut, Kerala" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 November 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2020.
  6. ↑ "Odisha State Open University - M.A. (History)" (PDF).
  7. ↑ "rediff.com: The evil that envelopes Orissa". m.rediff.com. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
  8. ↑ "InsideStoryEventsMaster - Raj Punyah Ceremony Held Both in Bandarban..." ext.bd.undp.org.
  9. ↑ "Saching Prue new Mong King". The Daily Star. 18 January 2009.
  10. ↑ "Feature: 'Kingdom' system in Bangladesh's Chittagong Hill Tracts still in force". people.cn. 15 December 2008. Archived from the original on 28 June 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  11. ↑ "UNPO: Chittagong Hill Tracts: Stalemate For Land Commission". unpo.org. 2 November 2009.
  12. ↑ Laskar, Nitish Ranjan (1985). Mahishya Das of Cachar and their Social Background. Proceedings of North East India History Association. North East India History Association. p. 456.
  13. ↑ E M Lewis (1868). "Cachar District: Statement No. XVIII: Glossary of Local Terms". Principal Heads of the History and Statistics of the Dacca Division. Calcutta: Calcutta Central Press Company. pp. 406–408.
  14. ↑ People of India Bihar Volume XVI Part Two edited by S Gopal & Hetukar Jha pages 759 to 765 Seagull Books
  15. ↑ Elliot, Sir Henry Miers (1867). The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians: The Muhammadan Period. Trübner and Company.
  16. ↑ Sheoran, C. B. Singh (17 June 2019). Gallant Haryana: The First and Crucial Battlefield of AD 1857. Routledge. ISBN   978-1-000-43913-7.
  17. ↑ Encyclopaedia of Dalits in India: Emancipation and empowerment. Gyan Publishing House. ISBN   978-81-7835-269-5.
  18. ↑ "Surname Choudhary: Meaning Origin Variants". www.igenea.com. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
  19. ↑ Bhindar, Imran (2018). FROM SIALKOT TO VANCOUVER. Lulu Chaudhary. p. 28. ISBN   9781642547917.
  20. ↑ Gaikwad, V. R.; Tripathy, Ram Niranjan (1970). Socio-psychological Factors Influencing Industrial Entrepreneurship in Rural Areas: A Case Study in Tanuku Region of West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh. National Institute of Community Development. p. 33.
  21. ↑ Coenraad M. Brand (1973). State and Society: A Reader in Comparative Political Sociology. University of California Press. p. 112. ISBN   9780520024908.
  22. ↑ "Revealing the missing links". Hans India. 24 July 2016.
  23. ↑ Ahuja, M. L. (2000). Handbook of General Elections and Electoral Reforms in India, 1952-1999. Mittal Publications. pp. 302, 340. ISBN   9788170997665.
  24. ↑ Abbasi, Talha. "Chaudhry Nisar Ali Khan". Pakistani Leaders Online. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  25. ↑ Hossain, Anowar (2003). Muslim women's struggle for freedom in colonial Bengal: (1873-1940). Progressive Publishers. p. 266. ISBN   9788180640308.
WPanthroponymy.svg
This page lists people with the surname Chowdhury.
If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name(s) to the link.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.