Executions and assassinations during the Israel–Hamas war

Last updated

During the Israel-Hamas war there were a very large number of incidents of deliberate killings of people who were not actively engaged in combat. In addition to unarmed civilian, many of the soldiers and militants who were killed - and often reported simply as militants or soldiers, as if they died in combat - were not actively engaging in hostilities at their time of death. There were also multiple alleged assassinations, summary executions, deaths in custody, or other extrajudicial killings, with varying amounts of evidence to support the allegations.

Contents

Background

International law regarding killing unarmed military

Even if an individual is a member of a military or other armed group, there are situations when killing them is a war crime. For example, if they are wounded, [1] if they surrender voluntarily, or if they are already a prisoner of war, [2]

History of extrajudicial killings in Israel and Palestine

7 October killings of unarmed IDF soldiers

Massacre at Nahal Oz lookout

Unarmed members of the IDF were massacred at Nahal Oz lookout base. Al Qassam and Saraya Al Quds killed 15 surveillance staff, most of whom had no access to weapons or weapons training, [3] from Israel Defense Forces’ Unit 414. [4] The base was supposed to be protected by the Golani Brigade’s 13th Battalion, but they somehow because trapped with the surveillance workers. [3]

Killings of soldiers in their sleeping quarters

Executions of alleged informants by Palestinians

West Bank public executions

On Friday 24 November 2023, two Palestinian men were killed by other Palestinians in Tulkarm in the West Bank. [5] The Tulkarm Battalion Rapid Response group, who the Times of Israel described as a local militant group affiliated with the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, posted a cryptic statement on Telegram just after the two men were reported killed, “We did not wrong them, but they wronged themselves”. [6] [5] Possibly a reference to verse 10:44 of the Qur'an, from Surah Yunus (the book of Jonah) [7] Arabic : إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَظْلِمُ ٱلنَّاسَ شَيْـًۭٔا وَلَـٰكِنَّ ٱلنَّاسَ أَنفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ, lit. 'Indeed, god does not wrong people in the least, but it is people who wrong themselves.' [8] The Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, an Israeli think tank, [9] described the incident as "The Disintegration of Palestinian Society". [10]

Both sides accused

Mukhtar of the Doghmush clan

The IDF claimed Fayeq Mabhouh [upper-alpha 1] (the police officer, who was killed during the Al-Shifa Hospital siege, see below) had been appointed to intimidate local Gazan clans in order to thwart them from cooperating with Israel on guarding the distribution of humanitarian aid, [11] and accused him of "orchestrating" the execution of the leader of the Doghmush clan the week before he was killed. [12] The clan allegedly denied this, and claimed the leader and his family were killed by an airstrike. [13] Israel and Gaza's government were competing to win over the clans. [14] It was rumoured that a large part of the Israeli motive for killing Mabhouh was the failure of the Israeli plan to replace the police in Gaza with the clans (such as the Doghmush clan) to distribute aid and enforce the law. [15]

Killings by Israelis in the West Bank

Assassination of a hospital patient and his companions

According to experts from the United Nations, the killing of three Palestinian men in a hospital in the occupied West Bank by Israeli commandos disguised as medical workers and Muslim women may amount to war crimes. [16] Unarmed members of the military are allowed to be taken prisoner but not killed. [17] Wounded combatants are further protected under the Geneva Conventions, they are not allowed to be killed or captured, [17] [18] but they may be kept as prisoners of war after they recover if they are treated at enemy hospitals. [19]

Israeli forces disguised as medical staff and civilians have shot dead three Palestinians inside a hospital in the city of Jenin in the occupied West Bank. Hospital says the men were ‘assassinated’. Israel says they belonged to a ‘Hamas terrorist cell’. [20] The BBC referred to the men who were killed as "members of Palestinian armed groups". [21]

Summary execution for breaching a barrier to harvest crops

In an article for Haaretz, Gideon Levy and Alex Levac reported that two Palestinian brothers caught scaling a barrier to access their crops were killed on the spot. [22] Levy and Levac points out that the men should have been arrested instead of killed, and that the soldiers could also have fired warnings shots to give the men a chance to escape home before resorting to lethal force. [22]

Alleged targeted bombing of family homes

The Israeli Air Force began a bombing campaign in the Gaza Strip at 9:45am on 7 October 2023, [23] They subsequently expanded the campaign to Southern Lebanon. [24]

Abu Qouta family 7 October 2023 in Rafah

One of the first homes hit was that of the Abu Qouta family, late at night on 7 October 2023. Nineteen members of the family were killed, the youngest was a baby under one year old. [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] The strike killed 19 members of the Abu Qouta family and 5 other people who were nearby. [30]

Australian brothers in Bint Jbeil, Southern Lebanon

Family homes were also hit in Southern Lebanon, in a residential area of Bint Jbeil. Killing two brothers Ali Ahmed Bazzi and Ibrahim Bazzi (27), and Ibrahim's wife Shorouq Hammond. [31] The brothers are both Australian citizens, Ali lived locally but Ibrahim was visiting from Sydney to bring his wife home to Australia. [31] Hezbollah claimed Ali as one of their fighters, and also included the civilian family members in a Hezbollah funeral. [31]

Summary executions

OHCHR stated on 20 December it had received allegations of Israeli soldiers summarily killing at least eleven unarmed men in Rimal. [32] Al Jazeera reported that the number summarily executed was 15, killed during an apartment raid. The execution was witnessed by the families of the men. [33] Middlesex University professor William Schabas stated, "It's not really important to demonstrate that they're civilians. Summary executions even of fighters, even of combatants is a war crime." [34] Euro-Med Monitor told Al Jazeera they believe there is a pattern of "systematic" killing, that "In at least 13 of field executions, we corroborated that it was arbitrary on the part of the Israeli forces." [35] On 26 December 2023, Euro-Med Monitor submitted a file to the International Criminal Court and United Nations special rapporteurs documenting dozens of cases of field executions carried out by Israeli forces and calling for an investigation. [36] [37] [38] In March 2024, video of an IDF soldier bragging about killing an elderly deaf man hiding under his bed was released, leading the Council on American-Islamic Relations to condemn the killing as an execution and war crime. [39] [40] The Israeli military stated they would begin a probe into the incident. [41] Defense officials told Haaretz that the Israeli army had created kill zones in Gaza, in which any person who crossed an "invisible line" was killed. [42]

Mass graves

A mass grave with 283 bodies was uncovered in April 2024 at Khan Younis's Nasser medical complex in the southern Gaza city. 30 bodies were buried in two graves in the courtyard of Al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza City. [43] [44] Reportedly, bodies were found with their hands and feet tied. [45] Following the discovery of the mass graves, UN human rights chief Volker Türk called for an independent investigation on the intentional killing of civilians by the IDF and stated the "intentional killing of civilians, detainees, and others who are hors de combat is a war crime." [46] [47] A spokesperson for the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights described the discoveries, stating, "Some of them had their hands tied, which of course indicates serious violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law, and these need to be subjected to further investigations". [48] William Schabas, a Canadian expert on international human rights law, stated mass graves have "always been an indication that war crimes have been committed". [49]

Attacks on police in the Gaza Strip

Alleged assassination of Fayeq Mabhouh

During an IDF raid on Al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza City, Fayeq Mabhouh (Arabic : فائق المبحوح, romanized: Fāy'q el-Mapħouħ) was killed in what sources based on reports from the IDF described as a firefight between "Hamas militants" or "terrorists" and Israeli troops. [50] [51] [52] [53] but some Palestinian aligned sources describe as an assassination. [54] [55] [56] [57] They mostly don't despute that Fayeq fired on the Israeli forces who approached him, but they frame the situation differently as to who was the aggressor. [58] [50] [59] The raid was launched at approximately 2:30 am, by troops from the IDF’s 401st Armored Brigade and other units, including special forces and the Shin Bet security agency encircling the hospital. [50] Before the IDF found Fayeq (in or near the hospital) they raided his family home and kicked out his wife and children. [58] [51] Fayeq’s brother was captured in a neighbourhood near the hospital. [58] According to the IDF, Fayeq Mabhouh refused to surrender to troops and instead continued firing at Israeli security forces until he was killed. [11] The IDF initially claimed to have killed 20 other "terrorists" alongside Fayeq. [52] The IDF claimed that by the evening of Monday 18 March, their troops had killed 20 "Hamas" gunmen inside the hospital premises and another 20 were killed in the surrounding area. [50] Some sources suggest that the gun battle happened outside the hospital. [58] The exact circumstances of his death are unverifiable. They sides disagree on the implied or explicit purpose of removing Fayeq from power (and the war as a whole). Israeli-aligned sources frame it as removing a threat to Israel, [50] [60] [53] but there is no indication that he has had any role in attacks on Israel while working as part of Gaza's civilian administration. [61] [58] Palestinian aligned sources described the goal as the destruction of Palestine, [55] by starving the people, and preventing independent Palestinian control of the Gaza Strip. [55] International sources often came closer to the Palestinian framing of the situation or present that version of events as more credible. [62] [63]

The Israel Arabic account of the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the X platform announced the killing of Al-Mabhouh, describing him as, "the head of the Operations Directorate of the Internal Security Service of the Hamas terrorist organization." [15] Hamas released an extremely strongly worded statement, in which they claimed the killing of a civilian police officer was a violation of international law. [64] It read, in part, "This terrorist crime, by targeting civilian police protected under international humanitarian law, is further evidence of the Nazi enemy’s efforts to spread chaos, undermine societal peace in the Gaza Strip, and perpetuate the state of famine from which our people suffer, in implementation of the plan of a war of extermination and the displacement of our people from their land." [64] [65] Arabic language social media speculated about the motives for the killing and the attack on the hospital, with comments such as, "The trucks passed over the past two days peacefully, without chaos, massacres, stampedes, wounded, or martyrs, but the criminal occupation does not like it." [15] It was rumoured that a large part of the Israeli motive was the failure of the Israeli plan to replace the police in Gaza with the clans (such as the Doghmush clan) to distribute aid and enforce the law. [15]

Alleged targeting of journalists

Journalists and their families in the Gaza Strip

Journalists killed in Lebanon

See also

Notes

  1. The spelling of his name in English is extremely variable, including "Faiq Al-Mabhouh", "Fayek Mabhouh", and others. Many Arabic surnames start with an "Al" (Arabic: ال ), this is sometimes omitted in English, but sometimes retained. The most common Romanisations of his first name are "Fayeq", [66] [67] "Fayek", [68] [69] and "Faiq", [70] [71] but there are numerous other ways, ending in Q, K, G, or CK, e.g. Faack. [51] The Hebrew spelling is less variable (Hebrew: פאיק). [72] His full name is Arabic: فائق عبد الرؤوف المبحوح, romanized: Faiq Abdel Raouf Al-Mabhouh. [58] [54]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ahmed Yassin</span> Palestinian political and religious leader (1936–2004)

Sheikh Ahmed Ismail Hassan Yassin was a Palestinian politician and imam who founded Hamas, a Palestinian militant Islamist and nationalist organization in the Gaza Strip, in 1987.

Ahmed al-Jabari, also known as Abu Mohammad, was a senior leader and second-in-command of the military wing of Hamas, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades. He was widely credited as the leading figure in the Hamas takeover of the Gaza Strip, and commanded the 2006 Hamas cross-border raid which resulted in the capture of Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit. Under his command, along with chief logistics officer Mahmoud al-Mabhouh, Hamas developed its own military weapons capability significantly by acquiring longer-range guided missiles and rockets.

Al-Shifa Hospital was the largest medical complex and central hospital in the Gaza Strip, located in the neighborhood of northern Rimal in Gaza City.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">March 2010 Israel–Gaza clashes</span>

The 2010 Gaza clashes were military clashes in the Gaza Strip between Israeli forces and Palestinian armed groups that occurred in March 2010.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2014 Gaza War</span> Armed conflict between Israel and Palestinian militants

The 2014 Gaza War, also known as Operation Protective Edge, and Battle of the Withered Grain, was a military operation launched by Israel on 8 July 2014 in the Gaza Strip, a Palestinian territory that has been governed by Hamas since 2007. Following the kidnapping and murder of three Israeli teenagers in the West Bank by Hamas-affiliated Palestinian militants, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) initiated Operation Brother's Keeper, in which it killed 10 Palestinians, injured 130 and imprisoned more than 600. Hamas subsequently fired a greater number of rockets into Israel from the Gaza Strip, triggering a seven-week-long conflict between the two sides. It was one of the deadliest outbreaks of open conflict between Israel and the Palestinians in decades. The combination of Palestinian rocket attacks and Israeli airstrikes resulted in over two thousand deaths, the vast majority of which were Gazan Palestinians. This includes a total of six Israeli civilians who were killed as a result of the conflict.

The year 2023 in Israel was defined first by wide-scale protests against a proposed judicial reform, and then by the Hamas-led attack on Israel on October 7, which led to a war and to Israel invading the Gaza Strip.

The following is a list of events during the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)</span> Israeli military operation

The Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip is a major part of the Israel-Hamas war. Starting on October 7, 2023, immediately after the Hamas-led attacks, Israel began the bombing of Gaza Strip; on October 13, Israel began ground operations in Gaza and on October 27 full-scale invasion was launched. Israel's campaign, called Operation Swords of Iron, has two stated goals: to destroy Hamas and to free the hostages. More than 35,000 Palestinians have been killed in Gaza since the operation began, including more than 7,800 children and 4,900 women, with another 10,000 people missing and presumed dead under the rubble of destroyed buildings. There are allegations that Israel has committed war crimes and genocide during the invasion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">War crimes in the Israel–Hamas war</span> Violations of the laws of war during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war

Since the start of the Israel–Hamas war on 7 October 2023, the UN Human Rights Council has identified "clear evidence" of war crimes by both Hamas and the Israel Defense Forces. A UN Commission to the Israel–Palestine conflict stated that there is "clear evidence that war crimes may have been committed in the latest explosion of violence in Israel and Gaza, and all those who have violated international law and targeted civilians must be held accountable." On 27 October, a spokesperson for the OHCHR called for an independent court to review potential war crimes committed by both sides.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Siege of Gaza City</span> 2023-24 military engagement in the Gaza city

The siege of Gaza City began on 2 November 2023, when the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) surrounded Gaza City, amid the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip, which was a counterattack to the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel. Gaza City is the most populated city in the Gaza Strip and the battle started on 30 October 2023, when Israel and Hamas clashed in Gaza City. According to Oxfam, there are about 500,000 Palestinians, along with 200 Israelis and other captives, currently trapped in a "siege within a siege" in northern Gaza.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Al-Shifa Hospital siege</span> 2023–2024 attack on and siege of a hospital in Gaza

Al-Shifa Hospital, the largest medical complex in Gaza, was placed under siege by Israel in mid-November 2023 during the Israel–Hamas war, after saying it had contained a Hamas command and control center beneath it. The incident was followed by a second major raid by Israeli forces in March 2024.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Attacks on health facilities during the Israel–Hamas war</span>

A significant number of attacks on healthcare facilities occurred during the Israel-Hamas war. During the first week of the war, there were 94 attacks on health care facilities in Israel and Gaza, killing 29 healthcare workers and injuring 24. The attacks on healthcare facilities contributed to a severe humanitarian crisis in Gaza. By 30 November, the World Health Organization documented 427 attacks on healthcare in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, resulting in 566 fatalities and 758 injuries. By February 2024, it was reported that "every hospital in Gaza is either damaged, destroyed, or out of service due to lack of fuel." By April, WHO had verified 906 attacks on healthcare in Gaza, the West Bank, Israel, and Lebanon.As of June 2024, according to WHO, Israel has attacked 464 health care facilities, killed 727 health care workers, injured 933 health care workers, and damaged or destroyed 113 ambulances

During the Israel–Hamas war, Israel and the United States stated that a vast complex existed under al-Shifa hospital that was being used by Hamas as its "main operations base", which Hamas and hospital administrators denied. Following Israel's release of video evidence on 22 November, multiple news agencies concluded that the evidence did not demonstrate the use by Hamas of a command center, while Haaretz concluded that Hamas did use the hospital for military purposes. Amnesty International said on 23 November 2023 that "Amnesty International has so far not seen any credible evidence to support Israel’s claim that al-Shifa is housing a military command centre" and that "the Israeli military has so far failed to provide credible evidence" for the allegation. Izzat al-Risheq, a Hamas official, denied that the group used the hospital as a shield for its underground military structures, saying there was no truth to the claims.

The following is a list of events during the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in 2024.

In March 2024, during the Israel–Hamas war, civilians seeking humanitarian aid were attacked at the Kuwait Roundabout near Gaza City. According to the Gaza’s health ministry, 20 Gazans were killed and 155 were wounded. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) responded to the accusations saying they did not open in fire at the convoy, claiming that armed militants fired against the Gazan civilians while waiting for the aid convoy to arrive.

Brigadier General Fayeq Al-Mabhouh was the Director-General of Central Operations in the Ministry of the Interior and National Security in the Gaza Strip. He was the leader of their crisis management team. His most notable recent responsibilities related to civilian disaster management, such as coordination and enforcement of restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Extrajudicial killings in the Gaza Strip</span>

There have been numerous targeted killings, summary executions, and other extrajudicial killings in the Gaza Strip and surrounding areas. A small number of people in the Gaza Strip have been sentenced to death after murder convictions in civilian courts, but far more executions have been implemented by military courts with limited accountability, and many have been comletely extrajudicial killings or summary executions. Most of these killings have been during broader violent conflicts, but the people killed were unarmed and not actively engaged in combat at the time. The violence has repeatedly spoiled over into the Gaza Envelope and the Sinai Peninsula.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Israeli war crimes in the Israel–Hamas war</span>

Since the beginning of the Israel–Hamas war in 2023, the Israeli military and authorities have been charged with committing war crimes, such as indiscriminate attacks on civilians in densely-populated areas ; genocide; forced evacuations; the torture and executions of civilians; sexual violence; destruction of cultural heritage; collective punishment; and the mistreatment and torture of Palestinian prisoners. Humanitarian organizations such as Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, B'tselem, the UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry, the UN Human Rights Council, and human rights groups and experts, including United Nations special rapporteurs, have documented these actions.

References

  1. Convention (I) Geneva 1949.
  2. Convention pertaining to the treatment of prisoners of war. Geneva Conventions. 1949
  3. 1 2 https://www.timesofisrael.com/strange-to-be-here-without-them-soldiers-who-survived-oct-7-return-to-nahal-oz-base/
  4. "IDF soldiers say repeated warnings of Hamas activity prior to Oct. 7 attacks were ignored". ABC News .
  5. 1 2 "2 men executed in West Bank for allegedly spying for Israel, as mob cheers". Times of Israel . 25 November 2023. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  6. "(edited Nov 25, 2023 at 07:10)". Tulkarm Battalion (Rapid Response). Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  7. Tafsir Ibn Kathir 10:1
  8. "Surah Yunus - 44". Quran.com. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  9. "About the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs". Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  10. Abu Toameh, Khaled. "Summary Executions in the West Bank: The Disintegration of Palestinian Society". Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  11. 1 2 "IDF Kills Top Hamas Officer, Brother of Hamas Officer Eliminated in Dubai, Which Sparked Diplomatic Crisis". Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  12. "IDF Kills Top Hamas Officer, Brother Of Hamas Officer Eliminated In Dubai, Which Sparked Diplomatic Crisis". www.theyeshivaworld.com. 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  13. "Gaza Hadith Al-Ekhbariyah - Response to the statement (غزة الحدث الإخبارية - رداً على بيان)". nabd.com نبض (in Arabic). 16 March 2024. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024. In response to a "fabricated" statement accusing Hamas of killing the mukhtar of the Daghmush family: The Central Family Council publishes a statement denying this statement and the accusation
  14. Al-mughrabi, Nidal (20 March 2024). "Palestinian clans and factions step in to protect Gaza aid". The Japan Times . Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
  15. 1 2 3 4 "Tweeters: For these reasons, the occupation assassinated Brigadier General Faiq al-Mabhouh in Gaza". Al Jazeera (in Arabic). 19 March 2024. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  16. "Undercover Israeli killings in West Bank hospital may be war crimes: UN experts | Reuters". Reuters .
  17. 1 2 "Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field. Geneva, 12 August 1949. Commentary of 2016 Article 12 - Protection and care of the wounded and sick". ihl-databases.icrc.org. ICRC. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  18. Bouchet-Saulnier, Françoise. "The Practical Guide to Humanitarian Law". Médecins Sans Frontières . Retrieved 6 June 2024. The general principle concerning the wounded and sick of any party to a conflict is that they must be treated humanely in all circumstances and given the medical care required by their condition, to the fullest extent practicable and with the least possible delay. No distinction may be made among them, except ones founded on medical grounds (GCI–IV Common Art. 3; API Arts. 8, 10; APII Arts. 7, 8).
  19. Bouchet-Saulnier, Françoise. "The Practical Guide to Humanitarian Law". Médecins Sans Frontières . Retrieved 6 June 2024. A combatant who recovers while in the hands of an adverse party then becomes a prisoner of war, at which point he or she comes under the provisions protecting such persons.
  20. "Israeli forces kill three Palestinians in West Bank hospital raid". Al Jazeera English . Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  21. "Israeli forces kill three Palestinian fighters in West Bank hospital raid". BBC . 30 January 2024. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  22. 1 2 https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/twilight-zone/2024-03-08/ty-article-magazine/.premium/israeli-soldiers-shot-two-brothers-to-death-a-third-is-wounded-and-a-fourth-is-arrested/0000018e-1add-d8fb-abff-5fdf2eb80000?gift=87812e774d494006945331943eb9c8d5
  23. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/longform/2023/10/9/israel-hamas-war-in-maps-and-charts-live-tracker
  24. https://www.sbs.com.au/news/podcast-episode/australian-man-his-wife-and-brother-killed-in-air-strike/5yy5pgu0f
  25. "In Gaza, entire families destroyed by Israeli bombing: 'My son, my niece and another child are still under the rubble'". Le Monde. 12 October 2023. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  26. "غزة - تشييع جثامين شهداء مجزرة عائلة أبو قوطة في مدينة رفح جنوب قطاع غزة". Wafa Agency. 8 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  27. "مجزرة جديدة للاحتلال بحق عائلة فلسطينية في قطاع غزة.. لا يستوعبها عقل - عربي21". www.arabianews24.net. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  28. "القتل الجماعي يُخرج عائلات فلسطينية من السجل المدني". أخبار الغد Ghad News (in Arabic). 12 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  29. "فلسطين بوست | مجزرة في مدينة (رفح).. طواقم الدفاع المدني تعمل على إخراج الاصابات و الشهداء من المنزل عائلة، أبو قوطة بعد ان تم استهداف المنزل.. تصوير | فراس أبو شرخ". موقع نبض. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  30. "An Israeli airstrike kills 19 members of the same family in a southern Gaza refugee camp". Associated Press News . 8 October 2023.
  31. 1 2 3 Dyett, Greg (28 December 2023). "Australian man, his wife and brother killed in air strike". SBS News. Retrieved 26 June 2024. Local media in Lebanon says an Israeli war plane fired a missile at a number of homes in Lebanon's Bint Jbei area. A missile strike killed 27-year-old Ibraham Bazzi, his brother Ali Bazzi and Ibrahim's wife Shorouk Hammond. Ms Hammoud had recently acquired an Australian visa and she and her husband Ibrahim were planning a life in Australia. Afif Bazzi (Mayor of Bint Jbeil): "It was a surprise that the Israelis hit a civilian neighbourhood, people are living normally, they have not fled. We did not flee Bint Jbeil, all residents are still in Bint Jbeil. We hear the bombardment and the shelling but it was still far away, the town was neutral but we were surprised that a civilian neighbourhood was hit, civilians, a groom who came from Australia to take his bride. They were spending time together along with his brother at his brother’s house, really it was a surprise for us." (translation by SBS World News)
  32. "UN Human Rights Office - OPT: Unlawful killings in Gaza City". ReliefWeb. OHCHR. 20 December 2023. Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  33. "Video shows aftermath of a summary execution of 15 men in a Gaza apartment". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 20 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
  34. "'Summary execution is a war crime'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024.
  35. "Palestinians accuse Israeli forces of executing 19 civilians in Gaza". Al Jazeera. 20 January 2024. Archived from the original on 16 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  36. "Euro-Med submits findings on Israeli army executions in Gaza to ICC, UN, calling them 'genocide' – Middle East Monitor". Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  37. "Watchdog Submits Evidence of Israeli Executions of Gaza Civilians to UN, ICC". www.commondreams.org. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  38. "جريدة القدس". Archived from the original on 24 March 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  39. "Video of Israeli soldier bragging about killing elderly Palestinian condemned". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 9 March 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  40. "Palestinian killed by Israeli soldier identified as elderly deaf man". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  41. Khan, Laura. "Israeli military to probe killing of unarmed, elderly and disabled Palestinian". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  42. Kubovich, Yaniv (31 March 2024). "Israel Created 'Kill Zones' in Gaza. Anyone Who Crosses Into Them Is Shot". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 1 April 2024. Retrieved 6 April 2024.
  43. "Nearly 300 bodies found in mass grave at Gaza hospital, authorities say". Cbc.ca. Archived from the original on 22 April 2024. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
  44. "Nearly 200 bodies found in mass grave at hospital in Gaza's Khan Younis". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 22 April 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  45. Salman, Abeer; Dahman, Ibrahim; Lister, Tim (22 April 2024). "Nearly 300 bodies found in mass grave at Gaza hospital, says Gaza Civil Defense". CNN. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  46. "Mass graves in Gaza show victims' hands were tied, says UN rights office | UN News". news.un.org. 23 April 2024. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  47. Gritten, David (24 April 2024). "UN rights chief 'horrified' by mass grave reports at Gaza hospitals". Yahoo! News. BBC News. Archived from the original on 4 May 2024. Retrieved 4 May 2024.
  48. Farge, Emma. "UN rights chief 'horrified' by mass grave reports at Gaza hospitals". Reuters. Archived from the original on 23 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  49. "Mass graves 'an indication that war crimes have been committed'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  50. 1 2 3 4 5 "IDF raids Gaza's Shifa Hospital again, kills 40 gunmen including senior commander". Times of Israel . 18 March 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  51. 1 2 "Troops engaged in shootout with Hamas logistics chief before killing him, new details show". 19 March 2024. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  52. 1 2 Gunter, Joel; Gritten, David (18 March 2024). "Israeli forces raid Gaza City's al-Shifa hospital". BBC. Archived from the original on 3 April 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  53. 1 2 Vasilyeva, Nataliya (18 March 2024). "Israel-Hamas war latest: Senior Hamas terrorist 'killed in Al-Shifa Hospital raid'". The Telegraph. ISSN   0307-1235. Archived from the original on 7 April 2024. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
  54. "Hamas condemns top Palestinian police officer's assassination". The Palestinian Information Center. 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  55. 1 2 3 "Israel's lethal charade in Gaza hides its real goals in plain sight". Middle East Eye. 26 March 2024. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
  56. "Hamas police official who secured aid distribution among 50 executed in Shifa Hospital raid". Mada Masr. 19 March 2024. Archived from the original on 17 May 2024. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  57. "Two Palestinian political analysts: The implications of the assassination of Al-Mabhouh...spreading chaos and undermining civilian rule in Gaza" (in Arabic). 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  58. 1 2 3 4 5 "Fayeq Al-Mabhouh...a police general in Gaza who was assassinated by Israel". Encyclopedia. Al Jazeera. 19 March 2024. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  59. (and other sources cited elsewhere on this page)
  60. "Top Hamas operative killed in hospital raid, army says". The Times of Israel .
  61. "Since 7 October: these are the most prominent Hamas leaders who have been assassinated by Israel". www.alarabiya.net (in Arabic). 19 March 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  62. Al-mughrabi, Nidal (20 March 2024). "Palestinian clans and factions step in to protect Gaza aid". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 9 June 2024.Quote from a Palestinian official who asked not to be named: "Israel's plan to find some clans to collaborate with its pilot projects of finding an alternative to Hamas didn't succeed but it also showed that Palestinian resistance factions are the only ones who can run the show, in one way or another."
  63. "Israeli forces attack Gaza's al-Shifa hospital". Channel 4 News. 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.
  64. 1 2 "A Terrorist Crime: The First Comment From Hamas On The Assassination Of Brigadier General Fayeq Al-Mabhouh". قناة الغد www.alghad.tv (in Arabic). 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 29 May 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2024.Quote in Arabic:
    "هذه الجريمة الإرهابية باستهداف الشرطة المدنية المحمية بموجب القانون الدولي الإنساني هي دليل إضافي على سعي العدو النازي لنشر الفوضى، وضرب السلم المجتمعي في القطاع، وإدامة حالة المجاعة التي يعاني منها أهلنا، تنفيذا لمخطط حرب الإبادة وتهجير شعبنا عن أرضه."
  65. "Hamas condemns top Palestinian police officer's assassination". 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  66. "i24NEWS - Operative killed at Shifa revealed as sibling of former Hamas leader assassinated in Dubai". www.i24news.tv. 19 March 2024. Archived from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
  67. "Top Palestinian police officer killed by Israel at northern Gaza hospital". www.aa.com.tr. 19 March 2024. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  68. "Senior Hamas commander killed in Israeli airstrike last week, White House says". 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  69. Gabbatt, Adam (16 February 2010). "Members of hit squad suspected of killing Hamas man 'had UK passports'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  70. "Hamas condemns top Palestinian police officer's assassination". The Palestinian Information Center. 18 March 2024. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
  71. "Top Hamas man killed in Shifa hospital is brother of terror group leader assassinated in Dubai". Times of Israel . Archived from the original on 25 March 2024. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  72. "N12 - פאיק מבחוח: "המוסד חיסל את אחי" Faiq Mabhouh: "Mossad eliminated my brother"" (in Hebrew). 19 February 2010. Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 14 June 2024.