Fouquieria

Fouquieria
Ocotillo ( Fouquieria splendens )
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Ericales
Family:	Fouquieriaceae DC. [1]
Genus:	Fouquieria Kunth [2]
Type species
Fouquieria formosa
Species
See text
Synonyms
BronniaKunth Idria Kellogg [2] PhiletaeriaLiebm.

Fouquieria is a genus of 11 species of desert flowering plants, the sole genus in the family Fouquieriaceae. The genus is native to North America and includes the ocotillo ( F. splendens ) and the Boojum tree or cirio ( F. columnaris ). They have semi succulent stems with thinner spikes projecting from them, with leaves on the bases of the spikes. They are unrelated to cacti and do not look much like them; their stems are proportionately thinner than cactus stems and their leaves are larger.

Taxonomy

Taxonomic history

Fouquieria species do not have a particularly close resemblance to any other sort of plants; genetic evidence has shown they belong in the Ericales. Before this, they had been variously placed in the Violales or their own order, Fouquieriales.^{[ citation needed ]}

The Seri people identify three species of Fouquieria in their area of Mexico: jomjéeziz or xomjéeziz ( F. splendens ), jomjéeziz caacöl ( F. diguetii , Baja California tree ocotillo), and cototaj ( F. columnaris , boojum). ^[3]

Etymology

The genus is named after French physician Pierre Fouquier (1776-1850).

Ecology

Fouquieria shrevei is endemic to the Cuatro Ciénegas Basin in Mexico, and is unusual in possessing vertical resinous wax bands on the stems, and exhibits gypsophily, the ability to grow on soils with a high concentration of gypsum. It has aromatic white flowers and is presumed to be moth-pollinated. Other species in the genus with orange or red flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds or carpenter bees. Fouquieria diguetii is host to a peacock mite, Tuckerella eloisae .^{[ citation needed ]}

The spines of Fouquieria develop in an unusual way, from a woody thickening on the outer (lower) side of the leaf petiole, which remains after the leaf blade and most of the petiole separate and fall from the plant. ^[4]

Distribution and habitat

These plants are native to northern Mexico and the bordering US states of Arizona, southern California, New Mexico, and parts of southwestern Texas, favoring low, arid hillsides.^{[ citation needed ]}

Species

As of March 2025 ^[update] , the following species are accepted: ^[5]

Image	Scientific name	Distribution
	Fouquieria burragei Rose – gulf ocotillo [6]	Mexico (E. Baja California Sur)
	Fouquieria columnaris (Kellogg) Kellogg ex Curran– boojum tree [6]	Mexico (C. Baja California, NW. Sonora)
	Fouquieria diguetii (Tiegh.) I.M.Johnst. – Adam's tree [6]	Mexico (Baja California, CW. Sonora)
	Fouquieria fasciculata Nash	Mexico (S. Hidalgo)
	Fouquieria formosa Kunth	Mexico (Chiapas, Oaxaca, Guerrero, Puebla, Morelos, Michoacán, México State, Distrito Federal, Jalisco)
	Fouquieria leonilae Miranda	Mexico (C. Guerrero)
	Fouquieria macdougallii Nash	Mexico (Sonora, Sinaloa, W. Chihuahua)
	Fouquieria ochoterenae Miranda	Mexico (SW. Puebla, NW. Oaxaca)
	Fouquieria purpusii Brandegee	Mexico (S. Puebla, N. Oaxaca)
	Fouquieria shrevei I.M.Johnst.	Mexico (W. Coahuila)
	Fouquieria splendens Engelm.– ocotillo [7]	United States (southern California, southern Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas), and northern Mexico (as far south as Hidalgo and Guerrero).

References

1. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x . hdl: 10654/18083 .
2. "Genus: Fouquieria Kunth". Germplasm Resources Information Network: Fouquieria. 1996-09-17. Retrieved 2011-04-30.
3. Felger, Richard S.; Mary B. Moser (1985). People of the Desert and Sea: Ethnobotany of the Seri Indians . Tucson: University of Arizona Press. ISBN   978-0-8165-0818-1.
4. W. J. Robinson, 1904. The spines of Fouquieria. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 31(1):45–50
5. "Plants of the World Online". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2025-03-26.
6. Rebman, J. P.; Gibson, J.; Rich, K. (2016). "Annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Baja California, Mexico" (PDF). San Diego Society of Natural History. 45: 174.
7. "Species Records of Fouquieria". Germplasm Resources Information Network: Fouquieria. Retrieved 2011-04-30.

• Moser, Mary B.; Stephen A. Marlett (2005). Comcáac quih yaza quih hant ihíip hac: Diccionario seri-español-inglés (PDF) (in Spanish and English). Hermosillo, Sonora: Universidad de Sonora and Plaza y Valdés Editores.

External links

• The Fouquieria Page at the National University of Mexico with photos of the species in the wild ^{[ usurped ]}
• Fouquieriaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants.