While a majority of its students are African Americans, the university has a long history of accepting students of other races and nationalities.[7] Women have received degrees since 1953,[7] and made up 66% of undergraduate enrollment in 2019.[8]
History
In 1854, John Miller Dickey, a Presbyterian minister, and his wife, Sarah Emlen Cresson, a Quaker, founded Ashmun Institute, later named Lincoln University, in Hinsonville, Pennsylvania. They named it after Jehudi Ashmun, a religious leader and social reformer. They founded the school for the education of African Americans, who had few opportunities for higher education.
John Miller Dickey was the first president of the college. He encouraged some of his first students, James Ralston Amos (1826–1864), his brother Thomas Henry Amos (1825–1869), and Armistead Hutchinson Miller (1829/30-1865), to support the establishment of Liberia as a colony for African Americans. Each of the men became an ordained minister.[9]
In 1866, a year after the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, Ashmun Institute was renamed Lincoln University. The college attracted highly talented students from numerous states, especially during the decades of legal segregation in the American South. Many alumni furthered their careers in academia, public service, and the arts. President William Howard Taft gave the commencement address at Lincoln in 1910.[10]
In June 1921, days after the Tulsa race massacre, President Warren Harding visited Lincoln to deliver the commencement address. He spoke about the need to seek healing and harmony in that incident's aftermath, as well as to honor Lincoln alumni who were among the 367,000 African-American servicemen who fought in World War I. The school newspaper noted Harding's visit as "the high water mark in the history of the institution."[11]
In 1945 Horace Mann Bond, an alumnus of Lincoln, became the first African-American president of the university. He served for twelve years.[12]
From 1854 to 1954, Lincoln University graduates accounted for 20% of African American physicians and over 10% of African American lawyers in the United States.[13]
The university marked its hundredth anniversary by amending its charter in 1953 to permit the granting of degrees to women. True coeducation was slow to arrive, however, and women still constituted only 5% of the student body in 1964.[14]
In 1972 Lincoln University formally associated with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania as a state-related institution.
In November 2014, university president Robert R. Jennings resigned under pressure from faculty, students and alumni after comments relating to issues of sexual assault.[15] Jennings was also the subject of a couple of no-confidence votes by faculty and the alumni association in October 2014.[16]
In 2017, Brenda A. Allen became Lincoln's new president. She graduated from Lincoln in 1981.[17]
In 2020, MacKenzie Scott donated $20 million to Lincoln University. Her donation is the largest single gift in Lincoln's history.[18]
Academics
According to U.S. News & World Report, Lincoln University ranks number 19 in the 2020 magazine's ranking of HBCUs.[19] In 2020 the US News & World Best Colleges Report rated Lincoln 119 among Regional Universities North.[20]
The Lincoln-Barnes Visual Arts program is a collaboration between Lincoln University and the Barnes Foundation. It established a Visual Arts program that leads to a Bachelor of Fine Arts, and most recently, a Pan-Africana Studies major has been added to the list undergraduate majors available at the institution.
Campus
ALMA MATER
Dear Lincoln, Dear Lincoln, To thee we'll e'er be true. The golden hours we spent beneath The dear old Orange and Blue, Will live for e'er in memory, As guiding stars through life; For thee, our Alma Mater dear, We will rise in our might.
For thee, our Alma Mater dear, We will rise in our might.
For we love ev'ry inch of thy sacred soil, Ev'ry tree on thy campus green; And for thee with our might We will ever toil That thou mightiest be supreme. We'll raise thy standard to the sky, Midst glory and honor to fly. And constant and true We will live for thee anew, Our dear old Orange and Blue. Hail! Hail! Lincoln.
— A. Dennee Bibb, 1911
Brown Memorial Chapel
Lincoln University main campus is 422 acres (170.8ha) with 56 buildings totaling over one million gross square feet. There are fifteen residence halls that accommodate over 1,600 students. The residence halls range from small dorms such as Alumni Hall, built in 1870; and Amos Hall, built in 1902, to the new coed 400-bed apartment-style living (ASL) suites built in 2005. There are additional off-campus housing arrangements such as Thorn Flats, in Newark, Delaware.[21] The campus was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2022.[22]
The four-story, 150,000-square-foot (14,000m2)Ivory V. Nelson Science Center and General Classroom High Technology Building was completed in 2008. The 60,000-square-foot (5,600m2) International Cultural Center was completed in 2010.
The Health and Wellness Center is a 105,000 square feet (9,800m2) facility that opened in 2012. There is also a football stadium on campus. One of the most visible landmarks on campus is the Alumni Memorial Arch, located at the entrance to the university. The arch was dedicated by President Warren G. Harding in 1921, to honor the Lincoln men who served in World War I.
The Langston Hughes Memorial Library (LHML): Vail Memorial Library served as the first physical library building on the Lincoln University campus. Its collection outgrew the building's capacity after notable 1929 alumnus and renowned poet, James Mercer Langston Hughes, bequeathed the contents of his personal library to the university upon his death in 1967. Construction of a larger building was underway in 1970. The new Langston Hughes Memorial Library (LHML) opened in 1972. Holdings include over 185,000 volumes as well as databases containing in excess of 30,000 journal titles, periodicals, eBooks, and media offerings.[citation needed]
The completely renovated Student Union Building contains the bookstore, café, two television studios, and a radio studio, postal services, and multipurpose rooms. The Thurgood Marshall Living Learning Center, along with the Student Union Building, are the centers for campus social and meeting activities. Marshall graduated in the class of 1930, directed the NAACP's Legal Defense Fund in groundbreaking cases, and was the first African American to be appointed as a justice to US Supreme Court.
Lincoln University—University City, a six-story building in the University City section of Philadelphia, offers select undergraduate and graduate programs in the School of Adult & Continuing Education.[24][25]
Student activities
Lincoln has over 60 student organizations serving multiple interests including fashion, arts, social justice, religious, international, cultural, service, leisure, media, and publishing. There are numerous fraternities and sororities. A complete list of active clubs and organizations can be found at the university's website.[26]
Lincoln University participates in the NCAA as a Division II institution. Lincoln competes as a Division II member of the Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association and, the Eastern College Athletic Conference. Lincoln Lions compete in intercollegiate athletics in the following sports: baseball, soccer (women), basketball (men & women), volleyball (women), indoor track (men & women), outdoor track (men & women), cross-country (men & women), softball, and football.
The Barnes Foundation
As president of Lincoln University (1945–1957), Horace Mann Bond formed a friendship with Albert C. Barnes, philanthropist and art collector who established the Barnes Foundation. Barnes took a special interest in the institution and built a relationship with its students. Barnes gave Lincoln University the privilege of naming four of the five directors originally set as the number for the governing board of the Barnes Foundation.[27][28]
Barnes had an interest in helping under-served youth and populations. Barnes intended his $25 billion art collection to be used primarily as a teaching resource. He limited the number of people who could view it, and for years even the kinds of people, with a preference for students and working class. Visitors still must make appointments in advance to see the collection, and only a limited number are allowed in the galleries at one time.
In the mid-20th century, local government restricted traffic to the current campus, located in a residential neighborhood located at 300 North Latch's Lane, Merion, Pennsylvania. Barnes' constraints, local factors, and management issues pushed the Foundation near bankruptcy by the 1990s. Supporters began to explore plans to move the collection to a more public location and maintain it to museum standards. To raise money for needed renovations to the main building to protect the collection, the Foundation sent some of the most famous Impressionist and Modern paintings on tour.
In 2002, the Attorney General of PennsylvaniaD. Michael Fisher contested Albert C. Barnes' will, arguing that the Merion location of the collection and small number of board members limited the Foundation's ability to sustain itself financially. Pennsylvania GovernorEdward Rendell brokered a settlement in 2005 between the Barnes Foundation and Lincoln University. This agreement resulted in the number of directors increasing. This has diluted Lincoln's influence over the collection, now valued at approximately twenty-five billion dollars.
Lincoln University has two alumni honored with commemorative stamps by the United States Postal Service: Thurgood Marshall (BA 1930) and Langston Hughes (BA 1929).[29]
A.^Founder and President of the Board of Trustees, Ashmun Institute and Lincoln University
B.^First alumni president and first Black president
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↑ "PHMC Historical Markers Search"(Searchable database). Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on March 21, 2016. Retrieved January 25, 2014.
↑ "The Ambush". eprewitt. Archived from the original on May 28, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
↑ Gooch, Cheryl Renee (2014). On Africa's Lands: The Forgotten Stories of Two Lincoln Educated Missionaries in Liberia. The Lincoln University Press. ISBN978-0615980904.
↑ Goodwin, Doris Kearns (2013). The bully pulpit: Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and the Golden Age of journalism (1sted.). New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. ISBN978-1-4165-4787-7.
Fred Jerome, The Einstein File, New York: St. Martin's Press, 2002, ISBN0-312-28856-5
Martin Kilson, The Afro-Americanization of Lincoln University: Horace Mann Bond's Legacy, 1845–1957, Lincoln University, PA: Lincoln University Press, 2007
Martin Kilson, The Changing Life & Times of Lincoln University 1854–2012, Lincoln University, PA: Lincoln University Press, 2012
Levi Akalazu Nwachuku, Judith A. W Thomas, Exploring the African American Experience, Boston: Pearson, 2011
Levi Akalazu Nwachuku, Martin Kilson, Pride of Lions: A History of Lincoln University, 1945–2007, Lincoln University, PA: Lincoln University Press, 2011
Marianne H. Russo, Paul Anthony Russo, Hinsonville: A Community at the Crossroads: The Story of a 19th-Century African-American Village, Selingsgrove, PA: Susquehanna University Press, 2005, ISBN9781575910901, OCLC56615801
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