List of mammals displaying homosexual behavior

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Giraffes in Kenya; giraffes have been called "especially gay" for engaging in male-male sexual behavior more often than male-female (heterosexual) sex.

This is a list of mammals for which there is documented evidence of homosexual behavior. These animals have been observed practicing homosexual courtship, sexual behavior, affection, pair bonding, or parenting.

Bruce Bagemihl writes that the presence of same-sex sexual behavior was not officially observed on a large scale until the 1990s due to possible observer bias caused by social attitudes towards LGBT people, which made homosexuality in animals a taboo subject. ^{[3] [4]} He devotes three chapters, "Two Hundred Years at Looking at Homosexual Wildlife", "Explaining (Away) Animal Homosexuality", and "Not For Breeding Only" in his 1999 book Biological Exuberance to the "documentation of systematic prejudices" where he notes "the present ignorance of biology lies precisely in its single-minded attempt to find reproductive (or other) "explanations" for homosexuality, transgender, and non-procreative and alternative heterosexualities. ^[5] Petter Bøckman, academic adviser for the Against Nature? exhibit, stated "[M]any researchers have described homosexuality as something altogether different from sex. They must realise that animals can have sex with who they will, when they will and without consideration to a researcher's ethical principles". Homosexual behavior is found amongst social birds and mammals, particularly the sea mammals and the primates. ^[4]

Animal sexual behavior takes many different forms, even within the same species and the motivations for and implications of their behaviors have yet to be fully understood. Bagemihl's research shows that homosexual behavior, not necessarily sexual activity, has been documented in about 500 species as of 1999, ranging from primates to gut worms. ^{[3] [6]} Homosexuality in animals is controversial with some social conservatives because it asserts the naturalness of homosexuality in humans, while others counter that it has no implications and is nonsensical to equate animal behavior to morality. ^{[7] [8]} Animal preference and motivation is inferred from behavior, thus homosexual behavior has been given a number of terms over the years. Modern research ^{[9] [10] [11] [12]} applies the term homosexuality to all sexual behavior (copulation, genital stimulation, mating games and sexual display behavior) between animals of the same sex.

This is a list of some mammals that have been recorded engaging in homosexual behavior, which is part of a larger list of animals displaying homosexual behavior including birds, insects, fish, etc.

Selected images

• 
  Male bonnet macaques, similar to the youthful ones pictured, "give each other hand-jobs and sometimes eat the resulting semen" ^[1] although using "hand-job" can be seen as overly anthropomorphic. ^[13]
• 
  Ugandan kob - "Female kob perform oral sex on each other and even stroke each other's vulvas with their forelegs. They may exhibit urolagnia during sex, one female will urinate while the other sticks her nose in the stream." ^{[1] [14]}
• 
  "Elevated levels of testosterone in utero" ^[15] increases aggressiveness and both male and female spotted hyenas mount submissive same-sex members who likely have lower levels of testosterone from their mothers. ^{[16] [17] [18]}
• 
  In "slip-and-slide" orgies, groups of male grey whales, roll in the ocean rubbing their bellies against each other so that their genitals are touching. ^{[19] [20]}

List

• African buffalo ^[21]
• African elephant ^[22]
• Agile wallaby ^[23]
• Amazon river dolphin ^[19]
• American bison ^{[21] [24]}
• Antelope ^[25]
• Asian elephant ^[26]
• Asiatic mouflon ^[27]
• Atlantic spotted dolphin ^[19]
• Australian sea lion ^[28]
• Barasingha ^[29]
• Barbary sheep ^[30]
• Beluga ^[19]
• Bharal ^[31]
• Bighorn sheep ^[30]
• Black bear ^[32]
• Blackbuck ^[33]
• Black-footed rock wallaby ^[23]
• Black-tailed deer ^[29]
• Bonin flying fox ^[34]
• Bonnet macaque ^[13]
• Bonobo ^{[35] [36] [37]}
• Bottlenose dolphin ^{[19] [38]}
• Bowhead whale ^[19]
• Brazilian guinea pig ^[39]
• Bridled dolphin ^[19]
• Brown bear ^[32]
• Brown capuchin ^[40]
• Brown long-eared bat ^[41]
• Brown rat ^[42]
• Buffalo ^[30]
• Caribou ^[43]
• Cat (domestic) ^[44]
• Cattle (domestic) ^[45]
• Chacma baboon ^[46]
• Cheetah ^[26]
• Chimpanzee ^[47]
• Chital ^[48]
• Collared peccary ^[49]
• Commerson's dolphin ^[19]
• Common brushtail possum ^[50]
• Common dolphin ^[19]
• Common marmoset ^[40]
• Common pipistrelle ^[51]
• Common tree shrew ^[52]
• Common wallaroo ^[23]
• Cotton-top tamarin ^[53]
• Crab-eating macaque ^[13]
• Crested black macaque ^[13]
• Dall's sheep ^[30]
• Daubenton's bat ^[41]
• Dog (domestic) ^[54]
• Donkey ^[55]
• Doria's tree kangaroo ^[23]
• Dugong ^[56]
• Dwarf cavy ^[39]
• Dwarf mongoose ^[57]
• Eastern cottontail rabbit ^[42]
• Eastern grey kangaroo ^[23]
• Elk ^[29]
• European bison ^[21]
• European polecat ^{[58] [ page needed ]}
• Fallow deer ^[29]
• False killer whale ^[19]
• Fat-tailed dunnart ^[59]
• Fin whale ^[19]
• Fox ^[60]
• François' langur ^[61]
• Gazelle ^[25]
• Gelada baboon ^[62]
• Goat (domestic) ^[30]
• Golden monkey ^[63]
• Giraffe ^{[1] [2]}
• Gorilla ^{[64] [65]}
• Grant's gazelle ^[25]
• Grey-headed flying fox ^[41]
• Grey seal ^[28]
• Grey squirrel ^[66]
• Grey whale ^{[19] [20]}
• Grey wolf ^[67]
• Grizzly bear ^[32]
• Guinea pig (domestic) ^[39]
• Hamadryas baboon ^[62]
• Hamster (domestic) ^[39]
• Hanuman langur ^[68]
• Harbor porpoise ^[69]
• Harbor seal ^[28]
• Himalayan tahr ^[70]
• Hoary marmot ^[71]
• Horse (domestic) ^[72]
• Human (see Human sexual behavior)
• Humpback whale ^[73]
• Indian fruit bat ^[41]
• Indian muntjac ^[74]
• Indian rhinoceros ^[75]
• Japanese macaque ^[13]
• Javelina ^[76]
• Kangaroo rat ^[42]
• Killer whale ^[19]
• Koala ^{[77] [78]}
• Kob ^{[14] [79]}
• Larga seal ^[28]
• Least chipmunk ^[66]
• Lechwe ^[79]
• Lesser bushbaby ^[80]
• Lion ^{[26] [81] [82] [83] [84] [85] [ excessive citations ]}
• Lion-tailed macaque ^[13]
• Lion tamarin ^[40]
• Little brown bat ^[41]
• Livingstone's fruit bat ^[41]
• Long-eared hedgehog ^[86]
• Long-footed tree shrew ^[52]
• Macaque ^[87]
• Markhor ^[88]
• Marten ^[89]
• Masked palm civet ^[90]
• Moco ^[91]
• Mohol galago ^[80]
• Moor macaque ^[13]
• Moose ^[92]
• Mountain goat ^[30]
• Mountain tree shrew ^[52]
• Mountain zebra ^[93]
• Mouse (domestic) ^[94]
• Moustached tamarin ^[53]
• Mule deer ^[29]
• Musk-ox ^[95]
• Natterer's bat ^[41]
• New Zealand sea lion ^[28]
• Nilgiri langur ^[68]
• Noctule ^[51]
• North American porcupine ^[96]
• Northern elephant seal ^[28]
• Northern fur seal ^[28]
• Northern quoll ^[59]
• Olympic marmot ^[97]
• Orangutan ^{[98] [99]}
• Pacific striped dolphin ^[19]
• Patas monkey ^[100]
• Pere David's deer ^[29]
• Pig (domestic) ^[101]
• Pig-tailed macaque ^[13]
• Plains zebra ^[102]
• Polar bear ^[32]
• Pretty-faced wallaby ^[23]
• Proboscis monkey ^[63]
• Pronghorn ^[103]
• Przewalski's horse ^[93]
• Pudú ^[48]
• Puku ^[104]
• Quokka ^[105]
• Rabbit ^[106]
• Raccoon ^[89]
• Raccoon dog ^[107]
• Red deer ^[29]
• Red fox ^[108]
• Red kangaroo ^[23]
• Red-necked wallaby ^[23]
• Red squirrel ^[66]
• Reeves's muntjac ^[74]
• Reindeer ^[43]
• Rhesus macaque ^[13]
• Right whale ^[19]
• Rock cavy ^[39]
• Rodrigues fruit bat ^[41]
• Roe deer ^[29]
• Rufous bettong ^[109]
• Rufous-naped tamarin ^[53]
• Rufous rat kangaroo ^[23]
• Saddle-back tamarin ^[53]
• Savanna baboon ^[62]
• Sea otter ^[110]
• Serotine bat ^[41]
• Sheep (domestic) ^{[30] [111]}
• Siamang ^[112]
• Sika deer ^[29]
• Slender tree shrew ^[52]
• Snub-nosed monkey ^[113]
• Sooty mangabey ^[100]
• Sperm whale ^[19]
• Spider monkey ^[114]
• Spinifex hopping mouse ^[42]
• Spinner dolphin ^[19]
• Spotted hyena ^{[15] [18]}
• Spotted seal ^[28]
• Squirrel monkey ^[115]
• Striped dolphin ^[19]
• Stuart's marsupial mouse ^[116]
• Stumptail macaque ^[13]
• Swamp deer ^[29]
• Swamp wallaby ^[23]
• Takhi ^[93]
• Talapoin ^[100]
• Tammar wallaby ^[23]
• Tasmanian devil ^[116]
• Tibetan macaque ^[117]
• Tasmanian rat kangaroo ^[23]
• Thinhorn sheep ^[30]
• Thomson's gazelle ^[25]
• Tiger ^[118]
• Tonkean macaque ^[13]
• Tucuxi ^[119]
• Urial ^[120]
• Ursine colobus ^[121]
• Vampire bat ^[41]
• Verreaux's sifaka ^[122]
• Vervet ^[100]
• Vicuna ^[123]
• Walrus ^{[124] [125]}
• Wapiti ^[126]
• Warthog ^[127]
• Waterbuck ^[128]
• Water buffalo ^[30]
• Weeper capuchin ^[40]
• Western grey kangaroo ^[23]
• West Indian manatee ^[129]
• Whiptail wallaby ^[23]
• White-faced capuchin ^[40]
• White-fronted capuchin ^[40]
• White-handed gibbon ^[130]
• White-lipped peccary ^[131]
• White-tailed deer ^[29]
• Wild cavy ^[39]
• Wild goat ^[30]
• Yellow-bellied marmot ^[132]
• Yellow-footed rock wallaby ^[23]
• Yellow-toothed cavy ^[39]

See also

• Animal sexual behavior § Mammals
• Homosexual behavior in animals § Mammals
• List of birds displaying homosexual behavior

Bibliography

This section is transcluded from List of animals displaying homosexual behavior. (edit | history)

• "Gay Penguins Resist 'Aversion Therapy'". 365Gay.com. 11 February 2005. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
• Bagemihl, Bruce (1999). Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity. St. Martin's Press ISBN   0-312-19239-8
• Caramagno, Thomas C (2002). Irreconcilable Differences? Intellectual Stalemate in the Gay Rights Debate; Praeger/Greenwood, ISBN   0275977218.
• Cooper, J.B. "An Exploratory Study on African Lions" in Comparative Psychology Monographs 17:1-48.
• Cziko, Gary (2000) The Things We Do: Using the Lessons of Bernard and Darwin to Understand the What, How, and Why of Our Behavior; MIT Press, ISBN   0262032775.
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• Goudarzi, Sara (16 November 2006). "Gay Animals Out of the Closet?: First-ever Museum Display Shows 51 Species Exhibiting Homosexuality". MSNBC. Retrieved on 12 September 2007.
• Harrold, Max (16 February 1999). "Creature Comforts". The Advocate . No. 779. pp. 61–62. Retrieved 10 March 2018. In his news book, Biological Exuberance: Animal Homosexuality and Natural Diversity ... author Bruce Bagemihl portrays an animal kingdom that embraces a whole spectrum of sexual orientations ... [and] paints a complex mosaic that resembles humanity ... At 751 pages and with photos and documentation of homosexual behaviour in more than 450 species of mammals, birds, repties, and insects, Biological Exuberance brings the dusty facts to light as Bagemihl deconstructs the all-heterosexual Noah's Ark we've been sold.
• Holekamp, Kay E. (2003). Research: Spotted Hyena - Introduction and Overview. Michigan State University, Department of Zoology]. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
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• Poiani, Aldo (2010). Animal Homosexuality: A Biosocial Perspective . Cambridge University Press.
• Roselli, Charles E., Kay Larkin, John A. Resko, John N. Stellflug and Fred Stormshak (2004). "The Volume of a Sexually Dimorphic Nucleus in the Ovine Medial Preoptic Area/Anterior Hypothalamus Varies with Sexual Partner Preference". Endocrinology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University (C.E.R., K.L., J.A.R.), Portland, Oregon; Department of Animal Sciences, Oregon State University (F.S.), Corvallis, Oregon; and Agricultural Research Service, United States Sheep Experiment Station (J.N.S.), Dubois, Idaho, Vol. 145, No. 2. Retrieved on 10 September 2007.
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• Srivastav, Suvira (15–31 December 2001). "Lion, Without Lioness"
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• Terry, Jennifer (2000) "'Unnatural Acts' In Nature: The Scientific Fascination with Queer Animals"; GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies (6(2):151-193; OI:10.1215/10642684-6-2-151); Duke University Press.
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