National Arts Club

Last updated

National Arts Club
AbbreviationNAC
Formation1898;126 years ago (1898)
PurposePromotions of the Arts
Location
  • 15 Gramercy Park South
    New York City
Coordinates 40°44′16.1″N73°59′11.8″W / 40.737806°N 73.986611°W / 40.737806; -73.986611
Region served
United States
Official language
English
AffiliationsNational Arts Club
Website NationalArtsClub.org

The National Arts Club is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit and members club on Gramercy Park, Manhattan, New York City. It was founded in 1898 by Charles DeKay, an art and literary critic of the New York Times , to "stimulate, foster, and promote public interest in the arts and to educate the American people in the fine arts". The National Arts Club has several art galleries, and hosts a variety of public programs in all artistic areas including theater, literature and music. Although the club is private, many of its events are free and open to the public. [1]

Contents

History

Establishment

Placard on the exterior of the building. National Arts Club (65633).jpg
Placard on the exterior of the building.

A group of friends, all of them involved in architecture, art, or civic affairs, discussed the possibility of a new kind of club that would embrace all the arts. The establishment of the Club came at a time when American artists were increasingly turning to their own nation rather than exclusively to Europe as a center of work and creativity. Significantly, the club would offer full membership for women at the onset, reflecting their accomplishment in the arts. [2]

While the group was working out an organizational plan, Charles DeKay, the literary and art critic of the New York Times for 18 years, returned from a diplomatic post abroad. An inspired organizer and entrepreneur, he sent letters to men and women of importance in the New York area as well as in metropolitan areas across the country. The response was so enthusiastic that the club was able to apply to Albany for its charter in 1898. With the application went a list of the officers, Board of Trustees, and members totaling more than 1200.

The list included such collectors as Henry Frick, William T. Evans, Benjamin Altman, Jules Bache and Henry Walters. Though not a charter member, J. Pierpont Morgan joined the Club early in its development and later was made an Honorary Vice President. Among the artists of the period, earlier charter members, or those joined in the early days of the club were Frederic Remington, William Merritt Chase, Robert Henri, and George Bellows.

The club's first home was a brownstone on West 34th Street. Commerce, meanwhile, was moving up from downtown, and the neighborhood of brownstones was changing.

20th century

Because it accepted both men and women, the club was a rousing success and its tight quarters on 34th street could barely keep up with the demand for new membership. [3] Walter Leighton Clark, patron and founder of the Grand Central Art Galleries, became a life member in 1907, and was joined by others in his artistic, business and social circles. [4]

Spencer Trask, the club's treasurer, was asked to find the club a new home. He found that 14 and 15 Gramercy Park South, the former home of Samuel Tilden, was on the market. Legend has it that he was so afraid that some other buyer would also find it that he put down some money of his own to bind the bargain. In 1906, the club acquired the Samuel J. Tilden House.

Throughout the 20th century, the club was primarily noted for its exhibits, with a few controversies arising from some of its shows. In 1905, the club displayed a sculpture of Aphrodite that purported to be from ancient Rome. [5] Critics were quick to deride the statue as a fake, [6] placing it as a work that came from a much later era. In 1922, "Nude Girl with a Shawl" (now known as "Nude with White Shawl"), a painting by George Bellows, offended the audience of the time, who considered it immoral. [7]

21st century

The early 21st century was marked by financial crisis and a decade-long feud between the club's long-running president and its board [8] that eventually led to the president's expulsion and settlement of state charges against him by the New York State Attorney General's Office. [9]

In 2021, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, the club renovated parts of its building to allow for the opening of new galleries. [10]

Clubhouse

Initial clubhouse

The initial clubhouse was noted for its tea rooms and the fact that it allowed both men and women to commingle. However, with a growing membership, the club was forced to find a new home. It initially purchased a building next door to the original clubhouse but, in 1906, the club found an opportunity to move into a new space: the Samuel Tilden Mansion.

Samuel Tilden Mansion

Since 1906 the organization has occupied the Samuel J. Tilden House, a landmarked Victorian Gothic Revival [11] brownstone at 15 Gramercy Park, next door to The Players, a club with similar interests. The Tilden House was designated a New York City landmark in 1966, [12] and declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976. [13] [14] [15] It is located in the Gramercy Park Historic District.

The new clubhouse, which opened its doors in 1906, [16] was initially designed with a billiard room and a parlor on the ground floor, and reading rooms and smoking rooms on the 1st floor. The 2nd floor was purely focused on team rooms for female members.

Facade

During the 2006 restoration of the Tilden mansion's stoop, the Brazilian New York City artist Sergio Rossetti Morosini has now sculpted a bust of Michelangelo above the front door on the building's façade. [17]

The Bust of Michelangelo, sculpted by New York City Artist Sergio Rossetti Morosini Michelangelo bust.JPG
The Bust of Michelangelo, sculpted by New York City Artist Sergio Rossetti Morosini
The west parlor of The National Arts Club. WestParlor.png
The west parlor of The National Arts Club.

Permanent collection

As of 2019, the club holds a permanent collection of 660 works of art including paintings, sculptures, and other works on paper. Artists represented in the collection include Daniel Putnam Brinley, Charles Courtney Curran, Daniel Garber, Philip Leslie Hale, Gari Melchers, William McGregor Paxton, Robert Spencer, Harry Willson Watrous, Robert Vonnoh, Everett Longley Warner, Robert Henri, Homer Boss, F. Luis Mora, Eugene Speicher, Jerry Farnsworth, Lamarr Dodd, Birge Harrison, Paul Cornoyer, Malvina Hoffman, Anna Hyatt Huntington, Lee Lawrie, Paul Manship, Victor Brenner, Will Barnet, Chen Chi, Peter Cox, Gary Erbe, Diana Kan, Everett Raymond Kinstler, Greg Wyatt, Carlos Quintana, Kendall Shaw, and Lois Dodd.

In keeping with its goal of supporting research in American art, the club frequently loans works from the collection to scholarly exhibitions presented by institutions and galleries such as the Florence Griswold Museum; the Thomas Walsh Gallery, Fairfield University; the Trout Gallery, Dickinson College; the Society of Illustrators, New York; and Berry-Hill Galleries, New York. [18]

Public programs

Events

The club produces over 150 free public events per year, allowing the general public to get a broader understanding of the arts, in categories like Architecture, Archeology, Painting, Writing, Performance Arts and more. [19]

Exhibitions

The club hosts a rotating series of public art exhibitions in its galleries. [20] Works by Pablo Picasso, Joan Míro, Ilya and Emilia Kabakov, Lissa Rivera, Andy Warhol, Keith Haring, and many other renowned artists have been featured in the space.

Voices of Soho Participating Artists at The National Arts Club NAC SOHOVoicesOpening DEC2020 jkratochvil DSC 3045.jpg
Voices of Soho Participating Artists at The National Arts Club

In December 2020, the Club presented Voices of the Soho Renaissance, the first exhibition of artwork born out of the calls for social justice which transformed New York City's Soho neighborhood, following the murders of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor. [21] The show was followed by What Happened This Summer: ART2HEART, a second exhibition exploring the topic. [22]

Classes

Since its inception, the club has offered a number of art classes, some open specifically to members and others open to the general public. Classes include drawing, pastel, cooking, and writing classes, often taught by club members who are professionals on the topic.

The Medal of Honor

Beginning in 1906, the National Arts Club started awarding the "NAC Medal of Honor" to recognize individuals who had made unique contribution to the arts field. The medal is awarded on a yearly basis and has recognized people in Fashion, acting, literature, music, and architecture.

Other societies within the club

Several smaller groups have existed within the National Arts Club: [23]

Membership

Requirements for membership

From its very early days, the club differed from other social clubs. At its founding, the New York Times remarked: "This club differs from the others in several ways, especially in the fact that it has a very serious purpose, namely to encourage the arts side of American manufactures. On its social side, it presents an innovation in club life. It offers equal privileges to women, and has already over a hundred members of the gentler sex." [29]

The club now has about 2,000 members who come from both the art world or are supporters of the arts. Members work in committees to organize events and exhibits that are available for free to the general public.

One of the unusual benefits of membership it that the club allows members access to a Gramercy Park key.

Reciprocal clubs

The National Arts Club has reciprocities with clubs in other cities such as Lisbon, London and Spain, where members can go stay when they are traveling abroad. [30]

Here's the list of clubs they have agreements with: [31]

ClubCityState
The Arts Club of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY
The Arts Club of Washington WashingtonDC
DACOR Bacon House WashingtonDC
The Cliff Dwellers Club ChicagoIL
The Cosmos Club WashingtonDC
Grosse Point ClubGrosse Point FarmsMI
The Lenox ClubLenoxMA
Philadelphia Art Alliance PhiladelphiaPA
Providence Art Club ProvidenceRI
St. Botolph Club BostonMA
The Salmagundi Club New York, NYNY
The Metropolitan ClubSan FranciscoCA
Jonathan Club Los AngelesCA
The Union, university & Schools Club of SydneySydneyAustralia
The Arts and Letters Club TorontoOntario, Canada
Saint James's Club of Montreal Montréal QCCanada
The Arts Club LondonEngland
The Arts Club DubaiUAE
Chelsea Arts Club LondonEngland
The Century ClubLondonEngland
The Groucho Club LondonEngland
Sloane ClubLondonEngland
The Travellers Club LondonEngland
Gleneagles TownhouseEdinburghScotland
Glasgow Art Club GlasgowScotland
The United Arts ClubDublinIreland
El Círculo del Liceo La RamblaBarcelonaSpain
Círculo Eça de QueirozLisboaPortugal
Club LusitanoCentralHong Kong
The Pencil ClubUmhlangaSouth Africa
Calgary Petroleum Club CalgaryCanada
National Liberal Club LondonEngland

Notable people

Members

The National Arts Club is one of the few private clubs that has admitted women as full and equal members since its inception.

Among the distinguished painters who have been members are Robert Henri, Leon Dabo, Edward Charles Volkert, Frederic Remington, William Merritt Chase, Richard C. Pionk, Chen Chi, Larry Rivers, Louise Upton Brumback, Cecilia Beaux, Will Barnet, Everett Raymond Kinstler, and Michael Cheval. Sculptors have been represented by Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Daniel Chester French, Anna Hyatt Huntington and Paul Manship. Many renowned literary figures, including Robert William Service in 1910, W. H. Auden, Mark Twain and Frank McCourt have been members. The National Arts Club is proud of its early recognition of new media art forms, like photography, film and digital media, and counts Alfred Stieglitz as one of its early members. Musicians Victor Herbert and Walter Damrosch were members, as were architects Stanford White, George B. Post, and Downing Vaux. George B. Post served as the first President of the National Arts Club.

The membership of the National Arts Club has included three Presidents of the United States: Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson and Dwight Eisenhower along with Senator William A. Clark. [32]

Recipients of the Medal of Honor

Since the early 1900s, the club has awarded its prestigious Medal of Honor to exemplary leaders in their artistic fields. Recipients of the award include WH Auden, Anthony Burgess, Eudora Welty, Tennessee Williams, Norman Mailer, Saul Bellow, Allen Ginsberg, John Updike, Marguerite Yourcenar, Iris Murdoch, Philip Roth, Salman Rushdie, Arthur Miller, Margaret Atwood, Toni Morrison, Nadine Gordimer, Tom Wolfe, Chinua Achebe, Don DeLillo, Joyce Carol Oates, Martin Amis, Salman Rushdie, John Ashbery, Leonard Bernstein, Alice Tully, Avery Fisher, Amyas Ames and the New York Philharmonic, Frederica von Stade, Benny Goodman, Isaac Stern, James Levine, Plácido Domingo, Itzhak Perlman, Paddy Moloney, Byron Janis, Ilse Bing, Manuel Alvarez Bravo, John Szarkowski, Inge Morath, George Kalinsky, R. Buckminster Fuller, I.M. Pei, Daniel Libeskind, Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill, Robert A. Stern, Eleanor Roosevelt, Salvador Dalí, Chen Chi, Louise Nevelson, Stewart Klonis and The Art Students League, Louise Bourgeois, Robert Rauschenberg, Will Barnet, Christo, Roy Lichtenstein, Dale Chihuly, Chuck Close, James Turrell, James Moody, Ed Ruscha, Spike Lee, Whoopi Goldberg, Richard Dreyfuss, John Turturro, Lynn Redgrave, Olympia Dukakis, Ang Lee, Lin-Manuel Miranda, Claire Bloom, Ellen Burstyn, Patricia Field, Jack O'Brien, Paul Auster, William Ivey Long, Dr. Neil DeGrasse Tyson, and Anna Sui. [33]

Over the years, The National Arts Club has been used for several prominent film and television productions (see partial list below). [34]

The location has also been featured in numerous prominent photo shoots, TV interviews, and fashion shows, including Steven Klein photographing Kim Kardashian for Interview Magazine.

TV shows

Movies

Books

Arts shown at the National Arts Club has been the topic of many books.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Samuel J. Tilden</span> Governor of New York from 1875 to 1876

Samuel Jones Tilden was an American politician who served as the 25th governor of New York and was the Democratic nominee in the disputed 1876 United States presidential election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John La Farge</span> American artist (1835–1910)

John La Farge was an American artist whose career spanned illustration, murals, interior design, painting, and popular books on his Asian travels and other art-related topics. La Farge made stained glass windows, mainly for churches on the American east coast, beginning with a large commission for Henry Hobson Richardson's Trinity Church in Boston in 1878, and continuing for thirty years. La Farge designed stained glass as an artist, as a specialist in color, and as a technical innovator, holding a patent granted in 1880 for superimposing panes of glass. That patent would be key in his dispute with contemporary and rival Louis Comfort Tiffany.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Academy of Design</span> Professional honorary art organization in Manhattan, New York

The National Academy of Design is an honorary association of American artists, founded in New York City in 1825 by Samuel Morse, Asher Durand, Thomas Cole, Martin E. Thompson, Charles Cushing Wright, Ithiel Town, and others "to promote the fine arts in America through instruction and exhibition." Membership is limited to 450 American artists and architects, who are elected by their peers on the basis of recognized excellence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gramercy Park</span> Neighborhood and park in New York City

Gramercy Park is the name of both a small, fenced-in private park, and the surrounding neighborhood, in Manhattan in New York City.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Herbert Adams (sculptor)</span> American sculptor (1858–1945)

Samuel Herbert Adams was an American sculptor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">69th Regiment Armory</span> Building in Manhattan, New York

The 69th Regiment Armory is a historic armory for the U.S. Army National Guard at 68 Lexington Avenue, between East 25th and 26th Streets, in the Rose Hill neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City, United States. Completed in 1906, the armory was designed by the firm of Hunt & Hunt in the Beaux-Arts style. The building is a New York City designated landmark and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as a National Historic Landmark.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">The Players (New York City)</span> United States historic place

The Players is a private social club founded in New York City by the noted 19th-century Shakespearean actor Edwin Booth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grolier Club</span> Bibliophilic club in Manhattan, New York

The Grolier Club is a private club and society of bibliophiles in New York City. Founded in January 1884, it is the oldest existing bibliophilic club in North America. The club is named after Jean Grolier de Servières, Viscount d'Aguisy, Treasurer General of France, whose library was famous; his motto, "Io. Grolierii et amicorum" [of or belonging to Jean Grolier and his friends], suggested his generosity in sharing books.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Century Association</span> Social club in New York City

The Century Association is a private social, arts, and dining club in New York City, founded in 1847. Its clubhouse is located at 7 West 43rd Street near Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan. It is primarily a club for men and women with distinction in literature or the arts. The Century Association was founded by members of New York's Sketch Club; preceding clubs also included the National Academy of Design, the Bread and Cheese Club, and the Column. Traditionally a men's club, women first became active in club life in the early 1900s; the organization began admitting women as members in 1988.

The California Art Club (CAC) is one of the oldest and most active arts organizations in California. Founded in December 1909, it celebrated its centennial in 2009 and into the spring of 2010. The California Art Club originally evolved out of The Painters Club of Los Angeles, a short-lived group that lasted from 1906–09. The new organization was more inclusive, as it accepted women, sculptors and out-of-state artists.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Samuel J. Tilden House</span> Historic house in Manhattan, New York

The Samuel J. Tilden House is a historic townhouse pair at 14-15 Gramercy Park South in Manhattan, New York City. Built in 1845, it was the home of Samuel J. Tilden (1814–1886), former governor of New York, a fierce opponent of the Tweed Ring and Tammany Hall, and the losing presidential candidate in the disputed 1876 election. Tilden lived in the brownstone from 1860 until his death in 1886. From 1881 to 1884, Calvert Vaux combined it with the row house next door, also built in 1845, to make the building that now stands, which has been described as "the height of Victorian Gothic in residential architecture" with Italian Renaissance style elements. Since 1906 it has been the headquarters of the National Arts Club, a private arts club.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Whitney Museum of American Art (original building)</span> United States historic place

The Whitney Museum of American Art's original building is a collection of three 1838 rowhouses at 8–12 West 8th Street, between Fifth Avenue and MacDougal Street, in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. In 1907, Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney established the Whitney Studio Gallery at 8 West 8th Street adjacent to her own MacDougal Alley studio. This, and the later Whitney Studio Club at 147 West 4th Street, were intended to provide young artists with places to meet and exhibit their works.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salmagundi Club</span> Fine arts center in Manhattan, New York

The Salmagundi Club, sometimes referred to as the Salmagundi Art Club, is a fine arts center founded in 1871 in the Greenwich Village section of Manhattan, New York City. Since 1917, it has been located at 47 Fifth Avenue. As of 2021, its membership roster totaled roughly 1,250 members.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Leon Dabo</span> American painter

Leon Dabo was an American tonalist landscape artist best known for his paintings of New York State, particularly the Hudson Valley. His paintings were known for their feeling of spaciousness, with large areas of the canvas that had little but land, sea, or clouds. During his peak, he was considered a master of his art, earning praise from John Spargo, Bliss Carman, Benjamin De Casseres, Edwin Markham, and Anatole Le Braz. His brother, Scott Dabo, was also a noted painter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fotografiska</span> Photography museum in Stockholm, Sweden

Fotografiska is a centre for contemporary photography in the Södermalm district of Stockholm, Sweden that was founded by brothers Jan and Per Broman and opened on 21 May 2010. In March 2021, it merged with NeueHouse and is operated by Yoram Roth and Josh Wyatt under the parent company CultureWorks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edmond Thomas Quinn</span> American sculptor and painter

Edmond Thomas Quinn was an American sculptor and painter. He is best known for his bronze statue of Edwin Booth as Hamlet, which stands at the center of Gramercy Park in New York City. His larger-than-lifesize bronze bust of Victor Herbert stands near The Pond in Central Park, New York City.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">American Fine Arts Society</span> Building in Manhattan, New York

The Art Students League of New York Building is a building on 57th Street in Midtown Manhattan in New York City. The structure, designed by Henry Janeway Hardenbergh in the French Renaissance style, was completed in December 1892 and serves as the headquarters of the Art Students League of New York. The building was developed by the American Fine Arts Society (AFAS), formed in 1889 by five organizations including the Art Students League, the Society of American Artists, and the Architectural League of New York.

The National Association of Women Artists, Inc. (NAWA) is a United States organization, founded in 1889 to gain recognition for professional women fine artists in an era when that field was strongly male-oriented. It sponsors exhibitions, awards and prizes, and organizes lectures and special events.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sergio Rossetti Morosini</span> Brazilian-American artist and writer (born 1953)

Sergio Rossetti Morosini is a Contemporary Brazilian-American scholar, artist and author of Venetian extraction who served as Brazil's Cultural attaché in New Orleans and is also dedicated to preserving the Atlantic Forest and restoring the art in stone of New York City Landmarks.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lenox Library (New York City)</span> Library in New York City (1870–1912)

The Lenox Library was a library incorporated and endowed in 1870. It was both an architectural and intellectual landmark in Gilded Age–era New York City. It was founded by bibliophile and philanthropist James Lenox, and located on Fifth Avenue between 70th and 71st Streets on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. Renowned architect Richard Morris Hunt designed the building, which was considered one of the city's most notable buildings until its destruction in 1912.

References

  1. ↑ "Home". National Arts Club. Retrieved June 3, 2019.
  2. ↑ "National Arts Club". Hathi Trust Digital Library. Harper's Weekly. April 2, 1898. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
  3. ↑ "National Arts Club: Additional Quarters to House its increasing membership - Women have all priviledges". New York Times Time Machine. December 2, 1900. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
  4. ↑ "National Arts Club Records". Archives of American Art. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved August 21, 2024.
  5. ↑ "APHRODITE AT THE ARTS - Experts Surprised at the Beauty of Mr. Frederick Linton's Statue". New York Times Time Machine. February 19, 1905. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
  6. ↑ "APHRODITE'S ANTIQUITY ATTACKED BY EXPERTS". New York Times Time Machine. February 26, 1905. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
  7. ↑ "ART CLUB TO HEAR PROTEST ON NUDE". New York Times Time Machine. February 7, 1922. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
  8. ↑ "A Genteel Fellowship Turns Fractious; Money Matters Are Questioned At the National Arts Club". New York Times. June 1, 2001. Retrieved June 29, 2023. "In a Club Fight, Power, Ego and Real Estate". New York Times. February 16, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
  9. ↑ "National Arts Club Ex-President Settles Suit and Agrees to Pay $950,000". New York Times. July 10, 2013. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
  10. ↑ Ludell, Wallace (January 26, 2021). "National Arts Club in New York opens new galleries renovated during the pandemic". New York Times. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
  11. ↑ "National Arts Club Designation Report" New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (March 15, 1966)
  12. ↑ New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission; Dolkart, Andrew S.; Postal, Matthew A. (2009). Postal, Matthew A. (ed.). Guide to New York City Landmarks (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN   978-0-470-28963-1., p.86
  13. ↑ "Samuel J. Tilden House". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved September 18, 2007.
  14. ↑ ""Samuel J. Tilden House", September 1975, by Cathy A. Alexander (National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination)" (pdf). National Park Service. September 1975.
  15. ↑ "Samuel J. Tilden House--Accompanying 2 photos, exterior, from 1975 (National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination)" (pdf). National Park Service. September 1975.
  16. ↑ "National Arts Club Opens its New House". New York Times Time Machine. November 9, 1906. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
  17. ↑ "The Facade Project". National Arts Club. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved January 11, 2022.
  18. ↑ "The Collection". National Arts Club. Retrieved July 26, 2019.
  19. ↑ "National Arts Club says 'oui' to David Doty as new president". The Village Sun. June 1, 2022. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
  20. ↑ "Exhibitions". National Arts Club. Retrieved April 30, 2021.
  21. ↑ Minsky, Tequila (January 6, 2021). "Soho street artists exhibiting and continuing to make art | amNewYork". amNewYork. Retrieved April 30, 2021.
  22. ↑ "Remnants Of Last Summer's Violence Following Death Of George Floyd Turned Into Art As Reminder Of Troubling Time". CBS New York. March 9, 2021. Retrieved April 30, 2021.
  23. ↑ "National Arts Club records, 1898-1960", "Historical Note", Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution,
  24. ↑ Who's Who in America, 1913, ss.vv.
  25. 1 2 Wendy Wick Reaves, "Marius de Zayas: Spotlight on Personality", chapter 4 of Celebrity Caricatures in America, 1998, ISBN   0300074638, p. 74
  26. ↑ David Nasaw, Andrew Carnegie, 2007, ISBN   1101201797, p. 697
  27. ↑ Who's Who in America, 1914, s.v. Alexander Harvey, p. 1053
  28. ↑ Harvard University Libraries, catalog record
  29. ↑ "The National Arts Club" (PDF). New York Times Time Machine. October 31, 1899. Retrieved June 29, 2023. This club differs from the others in several ways, especially in the fact that it has a very serious purpose, namely to encourage the arts side of American manufactures. On its social side, it presents an innovation in club life. It offers equal privilege to women, and has already over a hundred members of the gentler sex.
  30. ↑ Zamboli, Sofia (January 26, 2021). "The National Arts Club, Pioneering Gender Inclusivity, Honoring Art and Fine Cuisine". La Voce di New York. VNI. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
  31. ↑ "List of clubs with reciprocal agreements with the National Arts Club". National Arts Club. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
  32. ↑ Empty Mansions: The Mysterious Life of Huguette Clark and the Spending of an American Fortune by Bill Dedman. Ballatine Books Sep 2103
  33. ↑ "History". National Arts Club. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
  34. ↑ Johnson, Kirk (February 10, 1998). "Film's Rising Star: New York; Independent Movies Spur the City's Celluloid Success". New York Times. Retrieved June 29, 2023.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.