Breckenridge County was created on March 18, 1858.[4] Clay County was established on November 2, 1860 as Breckinridge County and named for John C. Breckinridge, vice president of the United States from 1857 to 1861. After the Civil War began, Breckinridge joined the Confederate Army and in March 1862 the state Legislature replaced the name of Breckinridge with that of Henry Clay (1777–1852), who like Breckinridge was from Lexington, Ky., and was known "The Great Pacificator" or "The Great Compromiser" who helped head off civil war at least twice. The county's government was not organized until 1872, after the Northern Pacific Railway reached the area and settlement accelerated.[5]
Geography
Soils of Clay County
Clay County lies on the western side of Minnesota. Its western boundary line abuts the eastern boundary line of the state of North Dakota (across the Red River). The Red River flows northward along the western boundary line of the county, on its way to the Hudson Bay in Canada. The Buffalo River flows west-northwesterly through the center of the county, joined by the South Branch Buffalo River west of Glyndon, before discharging into the Red on the county's western border near Georgetown. The terrain consists of rolling hills, dotted with lakes and ponds in its eastern portion.[7] The terrain slopes to the west and north, with its highest point near the southeastern corner, at 1,430ft (440m) ASL.[8]
According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,052.629 square miles (2,726.30km2), of which 1,045.176 square miles (2,706.99km2) is land and 7.453 square miles (19.30km2) (0.71%) is water.[9] It is the 19th largest county in Minnesota by total area.
In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Moorhead have ranged from a low of 0°F (−18°C) in January to a high of 82°F (28°C) in July, although a record low of −48°F (−44°C) was recorded in January 1887 and a record high of 114°F (46°C) was recorded in July 1936, the latter also the highest recorded temperature in the history of Minnesota. Average monthly precipitation ranged from 0.64 inches (16mm) in February to 3.90 inches (99mm) in June.[10]
U.S. Decennial Census[12] 1790–1960[13] 1900–1990[14] 1990–2000[15] 2010–2020[2]
As of the third quarter of 2024, the median home value in Clay County was $281,040.[16]
As of the 2023 American Community Survey, there are 25,939 estimated households in Clay County with an average of 2.41 persons per household. The county has a median household income of $77,664. Approximately 13.1% of the county's population lives at or below the poverty line. Clay County has an estimated 70.5% employment rate, with 39.0% of the population holding a bachelor's degree or higher and 95.0% holding a high school diploma.[2]
The median age in the county was 34.1 years.
Clay County, Minnesota – racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
As of the 2023 estimate, there were 66,258 people and 25,939 households residing in the county. There were 27,851 housing units. The racial makeup of the county was 87.9% White (84.0% NH White), 5.7% African American, 2.0% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, _% from some other races and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 5.1% of the population.[22]
In the 2023 estimate, Clay County is the 68th wealthiest county in Minnesota. $53,925 for per capita income.
2020 Census
As of the 2020 census, there were 65,318 people, 24,931 households, and 15,694 families residing in the county.[23] The population density was 62.5 inhabitants per square mile (24.1/km2). There were 26,844 housing units at an average density of 25.68 per square mile (9.9/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 84.89% White, 4.88% African American, 1.76% Native American, 1.20% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.33% from some other races and 5.91% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 4.61% of the population.[24]
2010 census
As of the 2010 census, there were 58,999 people, 22,279 households, and _ families residing in the county. The population density was 56.4 inhabitants per square mile (21.8/km2). There were 23,959 housing units at an average density of 22.92 per square mile (8.8/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 92.69% White, 1.43% African American, 1.36% Native American, 1.43% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.89% from some other races and 2.16% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 3.48% of the population.
2000 census
As of the 2000 census, there were 51,229 people, 18,670 households, and 12,340 families residing in the county. The population density was 49.0 inhabitants per square mile (18.9/km2). There were 19,746 housing units at an average density of 18.9 per square mile (7.3/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 93.99% White, 0.52% African American, 1.44% Native American, 0.88% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.67% from some other races and 1.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 3.65% of the population.
In terms of ancestry, 40.4% were of Norwegian and 26.8% German.
There were 18,670 households, out of which 33.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.90% were married couples living together, 8.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.90% were non-families. 26.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.07.
The county population contained 25.00% under the age of 18, 17.10% from 18 to 24, 25.70% from 25 to 44, 19.30% from 45 to 64, and 12.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.10 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $37,889, and the median income for a family was $49,192. Males had a median income of $34,176 versus $23,149 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,557. About 7.40% of families and 13.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.30% of those under age 18 and 7.50% of those age 65 or over.
Government and politics
In national elections, Clay County has been a Democrat-leaning swing county for several decades. From 1992 to 2020, it voted for the winner of the presidential election. Since 1928, the only years in which Clay did not go for the election winner were 1960, 1968, 1988 and 2024. The presence of college townMoorhead and proximity to Fargo, North Dakota makes the county more liberal than others in western Minnesota.
United States presidential election results for Clay County, Minnesota[25]
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