Cuneiform (Unicode block)

Last updated
Cuneiform
RangeU+12000..U+123FF
(1,024 code points)
Plane SMP
Scripts Cuneiform
Major alphabetsSumerian
Akkadian
Elamite
Hittite
Hurrian
Assigned922 code points
Unused102 reserved code points
Unicode version history
5.0 (2006)879 (+879)
7.0 (2014)921 (+42)
8.0 (2015)922 (+1)
Unicode documentation
Code chart ∣ Web page
Note: [1] [2]

In Unicode , the Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform script is covered in three blocks in the Supplementary Multilingual Plane (SMP):

Contents

The sample glyphs in the chart file published by the Unicode Consortium [3] show the characters in their Classical Sumerian form (Early Dynastic period, mid 3rd millennium BC). The characters as written during the 2nd and 1st millennia BC, during which the vast majority of cuneiform texts were written, are considered font variants of the same characters.

Character inventory and ordering

The final proposal for Unicode encoding of the script was submitted by two cuneiform scholars working with an experienced Unicode proposal writer in June 2004. [4] The base character inventory is derived from the list of Ur III signs compiled by the Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative of UCLA based on the inventories of Miguel Civil, Rykle Borger (2003), and Robert Englund. Rather than opting for a direct ordering by glyph shape and complexity, according to the numbering of an existing catalogue, the Unicode order of glyphs was based on the Latin alphabetic order of their 'main' Sumerian transliteration as a practical approximation.

Of the 907 signs listed by Borger (2003), some 200 have no encoding at a single code point. Conversely, a number of combinations considered reducible by Borger were assigned unique code points. These differences are due to the difficulty of establishing what represents a single character in cuneiform, and indeed most of Borger's items not encoded have straightforward etymological decomposition. There are still quite a number of universally recognized signs missing, and criticism has been voiced to the effect that the encoding "disregards an important part of the accumulated knowledge of generations of assyriologists about what actually function as single signs in normal texts, and are reflected in the traditional sign lists, most recently and comprehensively Borger's Mesopotamische Zeichenliste". [5] For example, there are signs written as ligatures of varying constituent signs, such as KURUM7 (Borger 2003 no. 729) that was written IGI.NÍG in early times, but later IGI.ERIM. Since there is no code point for KURUM7, the sign must be expressed as either IGI.NÍG (U+12146 U+1243C, 𒅆𒐼) or IGI.ERIM (U+12146 U+1209F, 𒅆𒂟) depending on the shape of the glyph, in violation[ citation needed ] of the basic principle of Unicode to encode characters, not glyphs. While those signs can in principle still be added by a "Cuneiform Extended" range in the future, as has been done for a number of other scripts ("Latin Extended" etc.), their absence as of Unicode 7.0 means that the standard's usability for the encoding of actual texts is limited.

Rather than opting for an ordering by glyph shape and complexity, the Unicode order of characters is the Latin alphabet order of their "main" Sumerian transliteration (placing signs on Š-, transliterated as SH-, between SAR and SI). In most (but not all) cases, the "etymological" decomposition of originally complex signs ("ligatures") has been chosen, even if the sign's most familiar value is another. For example, U+12066𒁦CUNEIFORM SIGN DAG KISIM5 TIMES LU PLUS MASH2 is better known as AMAŠ, U+12258𒉘CUNEIFORM SIGN NINDA2 TIMES NE is better known as ÁG, and U+1212F𒄯CUNEIFORM SIGN HI TIMES ASH2 is better known as ḪAR or ḪUR.

List of signs

The following table allows matching of Borger's 1981 and 2003 numbering with Unicode characters [6] The "primary" transliteration column has the glyphs' Sumerian values as given by the official glyph name, slightly modified here for legibility by including traditional assyriological symbols such as "x" rather than "TIMES". The exact Unicode names can be unambiguously recovered by prefixing, "CUNEIFORM [NUMERIC] SIGN", replacing "TIMES" for "x", "PLUS" for "+" and "OVER" for "/", "ASTERISK" for "*", "H" for "Ḫ", "SH" for "Š", and switching to uppercase.

Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform

SignCode point"Primary" transliterationBorger
(2003)		Borger
(1981)		Comments
𒀀 U+12000A839579DU23
𒀁 U+12001A x A845583EDURU
𒀂 U+12002A x BAD840580 AGAM
𒀃 U+12003A x GAN2tenû
𒀄 U+12004A x ḪA846584; 587ZAḪ3
𒀅 U+12005A x IGI844581ÍR
𒀆 U+12006A x LAGAR gunû843582
𒀇 U+12007A x MUŠ842
𒀈 U+12008A x SAG841585
𒀉 U+12009A2560334ED, ID
𒀊 U+1200AAB223128ABBA, EŠ3
𒀋 U+1200BAB x AŠ2227128**,200a
𒀌 U+1200CAB x DUN3gunû
𒀍 U+1200DAB x GAL228194IRIGAL
𒀎 U+1200EAB x GAN2tenû225198
𒀏 U+1200FAB x ḪA236200NINA
𒀐 U+12010AB x IGI gunû229196
𒀑 U+12011AB x IMIN237
𒀒 U+12012AB x LAGAB234
𒀓 U+12013AB x ŠEŠ226200c
𒀔 U+12014AB x U + U + U232UNUG
𒀕 U+12015AB gunûÚNU, URUGAL2
𒀖 U+12016AB2672420LID
𒀗 U+12017AB2 x BALAG676422LILIZ
𒀘 U+12018AB2 x GAN2tenû674423KIR6
𒀙 U+12019AB2 x ME + EN679426
𒀚 U+1201AAB2 x ŠA3677424LIBIŠ
𒀛 U+1201BAB2 x TAK4673420,8
𒀜 U+1201CAD258145ADDA
𒀝 U+1201DAK12797AG
𒀞 U+1201EAK x ERIN212998ME3
𒀟 U+1201FAK x ŠITA + GIŠ128
𒀠 U+12020AL474298
𒀡 U+12021AL x AL478
𒀢 U+12022AL x DIM2480
𒀣 U+12023AL x GIŠ477301
𒀤 U+12024AL x ḪA482305
𒀥 U+12025AL x KAD3
𒀦 U+12026AL x KI481303
𒀧 U+12027AL x ŠE348,479205IL
𒀨 U+12028AL x UŠ476300
𒀩 U+12029ALAN573358
𒀪 U+1202Aaleph635397late variant of AḪ; HZL nr. 332
𒀫 U+1202BAMAR695437ZUR
𒀬 U+1202CAMAR x ŠE696438SISKUR
𒀭 U+1202DAN01013
𒀮 U+1202EAN / AN
𒀯 U+1202FAN three timesMUL
𒀰 U+12030AN + NAGA opposing AN + NAGA
𒀱 U+12031AN + NAGA squaredDNAGA, DALḪAMUN
𒀲 U+12032ANŠE353208"donkey"
𒀳 U+12033APIN09056ÀBSIN, ENGAR
𒀴 U+12034ARAD001850NITA2
𒀵 U+12035ARAD x KUR001951
𒀶 U+12036ARKAB859vNIG2.IB, ARGAB
𒀷 U+12037ASAL2
𒀸 U+12038AŠ001001also DIŠ, DILI, DIDLI (plural)
𒀹 U+12039AŠ ZIDA tenû575209DIŠ tenû, ĜE23
𒀺 U+1203AAŠ KABA tenû647?
𒀻 U+1203BAŠ / AŠ TUG2 / TUG2 TUG2 / TUG2 PAP
𒀼 U+1203CAŠ / AŠ / AŠ505325*EŠ16, "THREE", "3"
𒀽 U+1203DAŠ / AŠ / AŠ crossing AŠ / AŠ / AŠ649364/5,5-6ŠUŠUR2
𒀾 U+1203EAŠ2548339
𒀿 U+1203FAŠGAB1736
𒁀 U+12040BA014005BA.BA.ZA = "porridge"
𒁁 U+12041BAD11369BA9, MUD2
𒁂 U+12042BAG378
𒁃 U+12043BAḪAR2309
𒁄 U+12044BAL0059
𒁅 U+12045BAL / BAL
𒁆 U+12046BALAG565352DUB2
𒁇 U+12047BAR12174
𒁈 U+12048BARA2554344BARAG
𒁉 U+12049BI358214BE2, BIZ, EBIR2, EPIR2, GAŠ, KA8, KAS2, KAṢ2, KAŠ, PE2, PI2, SA18, SIRIS4, SU15, ŠA21, ŠU13
𒁊 U+1204ABI x A
𒁋 U+1204BBI x GAR361214c
𒁌 U+1204CBI x IGI gunû
𒁍 U+1204DBU580371GID2
𒁎 U+1204EBU / BU AB582
𒁏 U+1204FBU / BU UN
𒁐 U+12050BU crossing BU581
𒁑 U+12051BULUG16960
𒁒 U+12052BULUG / BULUG
𒁓 U+12053BUR559349NIG2gunû
𒁔 U+12054BUR2008DU9
𒁕 U+12055DA561335DU20
𒁖 U+12056DAG438280PAR3
𒁗 U+12057DAG KISIM5 x A + MAŠ461294b
𒁘 U+12058DAG KISIM5 x AMAR458288
𒁙 U+12059DAG KISIM5 x BALAG457
𒁚 U+1205ADAG KISIM5 x BI447288
𒁛 U+1205BDAG KISIM5 x GA455291UBUR
𒁜 U+1205CDAG KISIM5 x GA + MAŠ
𒁝 U+1205DDAG KISIM5 x GI444284
𒁞 U+1205EDAG KISIM5 x GIR2440281a; 294e; 432,1KIŠI8
𒁟 U+1205FDAG KISIM5 x GUD452289UTUL5
𒁠 U+12060DAG KISIM5 x ḪA462294d
𒁡 U+12061DAG KISIM5 x IR450UBUR3
𒁢 U+12062DAG KISIM5 x IR + LU451UBUR4
𒁣 U+12063DAG KISIM5 x KAK448294f
𒁤 U+12064DAG KISIM5 x LA441282
𒁥 U+12065DAG KISIM5 x LU459UBUR2
𒁦 U+12066DAG KISIM5 x LU + MAŠ2460293; 294AMAŠ
𒁧 U+12067DAG KISIM5 x LUM463294a
𒁨 U+12068DAG KISIM5 x NE446286
𒁩 U+12069DAG KISIM5 x PAP + PAP
𒁪 U+1206ADAG KISIM5 x SI445285
𒁫 U+1206BDAG KISIM5 x TAK4443283
𒁬 U+1206CDAG KISIM5 x U2 + GIR2453290
𒁭 U+1206DDAG KISIM5 x UŠ449287UTUA
𒁮 U+1206EDAM889557
𒁯 U+1206FDAR183114GUN3, ḪUR gunû, SI gunû
𒁰 U+12070DARA3166100"ibex"
𒁱 U+12071DARA4817540
𒁲 U+12072DI736457DE, SA2, SAL2, SI8, SILIM, SILIMA, SIM3, ŚA2, ŠA18, ŠAL5, ŠUB3, ŠUL3, TE10, TI4, ṬE, ṬI
𒁳 U+12073DIB813537DAB
𒁴 U+12074DIM16794
𒁵 U+12075DIM x ŠE16894MUN
𒁶 U+12076DIM2686440DEM2, DIM2, DIN3, GE18, GEM, GEN7, GI18, GIMI, GIM, GIN7
𒁷 U+12077DIN119465DAN5, DEN, DINI, DUN2, GURUN8, KURUN2, TEN2, TIM3, TIN, ṬIN
𒁸 U+12078DIN KASKAL U gunû DIŠ
𒁹 U+12079DIŠ748; 749480NIGIDA, "ONE", "1"
𒁺 U+1207ADU350206ED2, ED3, GUB, RA2, RE6, ŠA4
𒁻 U+1207BDU / DU350206aLAḪ4, RE7
𒁼 U+1207CDU gunû351201GIR6, SUḪUŠ
𒁽 U+1207DDU šešig352202GIR5, KAŠ4
𒁾 U+1207EDUB242138KIŠIB3
𒁿 U+1207FDUB x EŠ2
𒂀 U+12080DUB2
𒂁 U+12081DUG499309BI x A
𒂂 U+12082DUGUD704445
𒂃 U+12083DUḪ298167GAB, DU8, TUḪ
𒂄 U+12084DUN744467ŠUL
𒂅 U+12085DUN3836595DU5, GÍN, TÙN
𒂆 U+12086DUN3gunû
𒂇 U+12087DUN3gunûgunûMIR
𒂈 U+12088DUN4557348DUL4, UR gunû šešig, MIR šešig
𒂉 U+12089DUR2808DURU2, DURUN, TUKUL, TUŠ
𒂊 U+1208AE498308
𒂋 U+1208BE x PAP
𒂌 U+1208CE / E NUN / NUN
𒂍 U+1208DE2495324
𒂎 U+1208EE2 x A + ḪA + DA
𒂏 U+1208FE2 x GAR
𒂐 U+12090E2 x MI
𒂑 U+12091E2 x SAL
𒂒 U+12092E2 x ŠE
𒂓 U+12093E2 x U
𒂔 U+12094EDIN, E2 + DIM x EŠ 300170EDEN
𒂕 U+12095EGIR356209
𒂖 U+12096EL899564SIKIL
𒂗 U+12097EN16499
𒂘 U+12098EN x GAN216554BURU14
𒂙 U+12099EN x GAN2tenû
𒂚 U+1209AEN x ME164lig2
𒂛 U+1209BEN crossing EN
𒂜 U+1209CEN opposing EN
𒂝 U+1209DEN squared
𒂞 U+1209EEREN818541
𒂟 U+1209FERIN2612; 613393ERIM, ZALAG2; PIRIG
𒂠 U+120A0EŠ2810; 811536ŠE3, GI7, ĜIR15, ZI3, HUĜ
𒂡 U+120A1EZEN271152IZIN, KEŠDA
𒂢 U+120A2EZEN x A288
𒂣 U+120A3EZEN x A + LAL289159SIL7
𒂤 U+120A4EZEN x A + LAL x LAL290160ASILAL4
𒂥 U+120A5EZEN x AN
𒂦 U+120A6EZEN x BAD275152UG5, UN3, BAD3
𒂧 U+120A7EZEN x DUN3gunû287162
𒂨 U+120A8EZEN x DUN3gunûgunû
𒂩 U+120A9EZEN x ḪA291161
𒂪 U+120AAEZEN x ḪA gunû
𒂫 U+120ABEZEN x IGI gunû
𒂬 U+120ACEZEN x KASKAL277
𒂭 U+120ADEZEN x KASKAL squared
𒂮 U+120AEEZEN x KU3284152
𒂯 U+120AFEZEN x LA274152
𒂰 U+120B0EZEN x LAL x LAL
𒂱 U+120B1EZEN x LI273153
𒂲 U+120B2EZEN x LU286157
𒂳 U+120B3EZEN x U2279
𒂴 U+120B4EZEN x UD283
𒂵 U+120B5GA491319
𒂶 U+120B6GA gunû492
𒂷 U+120B7GA2387233
𒂸 U+120B8GA2 x A + DA + ḪA428273
𒂹 U+120B9GA2 x A + ḪA
𒂺 U+120BAGA2 x A + IGI429274
𒂻 U+120BBGA2 x AB2tenû + TAB423?
𒂼 U+120BCGA2 x AN392237AMA
𒂽 U+120BDGA2 x AŠ389234
𒂾 U+120BEGA2 x AŠ2 + GAL414258
𒂿 U+120BFGA2 x BAD395242
𒃀 U+120C0GA2 x BAR + RA
𒃁 U+120C1GA2 x BUR
𒃂 U+120C2GA2 x BUR + RA415259
𒃃 U+120C3GA2 x DA416416
𒃄 U+120C4GA2 x DI425268
𒃅 U+120C5GA2 x DIM x ŠE401206
𒃆 U+120C6GA2 x DUB403250
𒃇 U+120C7GA2 x EL
𒃈 U+120C8GA2 x EL + LA433272
𒃉 U+120C9GA2 x EN399247
𒃊 U+120CAGA2 x EN x GAN2tenû400239GA2 x BURU14
𒃋 U+120CBGA2 x GAN2tenû402248
𒃌 U+120CCGA2 x GAR431278GALGA
𒃍 U+120CDGA2 x GI396243
𒃎 U+120CEGA2 x GI4412256
𒃏 U+120CFGA2 x GI4 + A
𒃐 ∂∂ U+120D0GA2 x GIR2 + SU391236
𒃑 U+120D1GA2 x ḪA + LU + EŠ2430277
𒃒 U+120D2GA2 x ḪAL
𒃓 U+120D3GA2 x ḪAL + LA390235
𒃔 U+120D4GA2 x ḪI + LI421263
𒃕 U+120D5GA2 x ḪUB2398
𒃖 U+120D6GA2 x IGI gunû417260
𒃗 U+120D7GA2 x IŠ + ḪU + AŠ406250i
𒃘 U+120D8GA2 x KAK407251
𒃙 U+120D9GA2 x KASKAL405250d
𒃚 U+120DAGA2 x KID394241
𒃛 U+120DBGA2 x KID + LAL409251
𒃜 U+120DCGA2 x KU3 + AN426269
𒃝 U+120DDGA2 x LA
𒃞 U+120DEGA2 x ME + EN427270MEN
𒃟 U+120DFGA2 x MI424265ITIMA
𒃠 U+120E0GA2 x NUN397244GANUN
𒃡 U+120E1GA2 x NUN / NUN411255UR3
𒃢 U+120E2GA2 x PA408252; 257GAZI, SILA4
𒃣 U+120E3GA2 x SAL432271ARḪUŠ
𒃤 U+120E4GA2 x SAR413250b
𒃥 U+120E5GA2 x ŠE418261ESAG2
𒃦 U+120E6GA2 x ŠE + TUR419261a; 272a
𒃧 U+120E7GA2 x ŠID410252
𒃨 U+120E8GA2 x SUM404250c
𒃩 U+120E9GA2 x TAK4394
𒃪 U+120EAGA2 x U422264
𒃫 U+120EBGA2 x UD420262
𒃬 U+120ECGA2 x UD + DU
𒃭 U+120EDGA2 / GA2
𒃮 U+120EEGABA167
𒃯 U+120EFGABA crossing GABA
𒃰 U+120F0GAD15790
𒃱 U+120F1GAD / GAD GAR / GAR
𒃲 U+120F2GAL553343
𒃳 U+120F3GAL GAD / GAD GAR / GAR
𒃴 U+120F4GALAM338176kSUKUD
𒃵 U+120F5GAM576362
𒃶 U+120F6GAN253143KAN, ḪE2, SAG7
𒃷 U+120F7GAN2174105I
𒃸 U+120F8GAN2tenû175105KAR2, ŠE3tenû
𒃹 U+120F9GAN2 / GAN2174v
𒃺 U+120FAGAN2 crossing GAN2174v
𒃻 U+120FBGAR859597NINDA, NIG2, ĜAR
𒃼 U+120FCGAR3543333
𒃽 U+120FDGAŠAN562; 563350U gunû
𒃾 U+120FEGEŠTIN212210
𒃿 U+120FFGEŠTIN x KUR213
𒄀 U+12100GI14185GE, GIN7
𒄁 U+12101GI x E
𒄂 U+12102GI x U
𒄃 U+12103GI crossing GI10567GI16, GILIM
𒄄 U+12104GI4507326GE4
𒄅 U+12105GI4 / GI4508326aGIGI
𒄆 U+12106GI4 crossing GI4508326aGIGI
𒄇 U+12107GIDIM830576
𒄈 U+12108GIR200610ĜIRI2
𒄉 U+12109GIR2gunû00710
𒄊 U+1210AGIR3701444PIRIĜ, ĜIRI3, GIRI3
𒄋 U+1210BGIR3 x A + IGI703421; 579,396
𒄌 U+1210CGIR3 x GAN2tenû675423GIRI16
𒄍 U+1210DGIR3 x IGI
𒄎 U+1210EGIR3 x LU + IGI702537,129
𒄏 U+1210FGIR3 x PA
𒄐 U+12110GISAL376226
𒄑 U+12111GIŠ469296ĜEŠ, SAG3
𒄒 U+12112GIŠ crossing GIŠ469v
𒄓 U+12113GIŠ x BAD471
𒄔 U+12114GIŠ x TAK4
𒄕 U+12115GIŠ tenû470296GUR17
𒄖 U+12116GU891559
𒄗 U+12117GU crossing GU892569SÙḪ
𒄘 U+12118GU2176106
𒄙 U+12119GU2 x KAK178DUR
𒄚 U+1211AGU2 x KAK x IGI gunû
𒄛 U+1211BGU2 x NUN
𒄜 U+1211CGU2 x SAL + TUG2
𒄝 U+1211DGU2gunû509327USAN2
𒄞 U+1211EGUD472297GU4 "cow"
𒄟 U+1211FGUD x A + KUR
𒄠 U+12120GUD x KUR309170ADAR2, AM, AMA2, ILDAG3
𒄡 U+12121GUD / GUD LUGAL572357BIŠEBA3
𒄢 U+12122GUL682429SUN2
𒄣 U+12123GUM339191KUM
𒄤 U+12124GUM x ŠE340192GAZ, GAS
𒄥 U+12125GUR180111
𒄦 U+12126GUR7819542
𒄧 U+12127GURUN503310
𒄨 U+12128GURUŠ322
𒄩 U+12129ḪA856589 KU6
𒄪 U+1212AḪA tenû857590ZUBUD
𒄫 U+1212BḪA gunû558346GIR, PE
𒄬 U+1212CḪAL003002= AŠ.AŠ
𒄭 U+1212DḪI631396DU10, DUG3, DUB3
𒄮 U+1212EḪI x AŠ634405SUR3
𒄯 CVC U+1212FḪI x AŠ2644401ḪAR, ḪUR, HAR
𒄰 U+12130ḪI x BAD640; 595406DU15, KAM
𒄱 U+12131ḪI x DIŠ659409eŠÁR x DIŠ
𒄲 U+12132ḪI x GAD650407ŠÁR x GAD
𒄳 U+12133ḪI x KIN660410
𒄴 U+12134ḪI x NUN636398AḪ, IḪ, UḪ, AH
𒄵 U+12135ḪI x ŠE643400BIR
𒄶 U+12136ḪI x U653; 688409ŠÁR x U; DÚBUR
𒄷 U+12137ḪU13278
𒄸 U+12138ḪUB214988TU11, TUN2
𒄹 U+12139ḪUB2 x AN
𒄺 U+1213AḪUB2 x ḪAL
𒄻 U+1213BḪUB2 x KASKAL
𒄼 U+1213CḪUB2 x LIŠ
𒄽 U+1213DḪUB2 x UD150TU10
𒄾 U+1213EḪUL2877550HUL2
𒄿 U+1213FI252142
𒅀 U+12140I A
𒅁 U+12141IB807535
𒅂 U+12142IDIM
𒅃 U+12143IDIM / IDIM BUR
𒅄 U+12144IDIM / IDIM squared
𒅅 U+12145IG13680IK, ĜAL2, GAL2
𒅆 U+12146IGI724449ŠI, LIM, GI8
𒅇 U+12147IGI DIB731455U3
𒅈 U+12148IGI RI726451AR
𒅉 U+12149IGI / IGI ŠIR / ŠIR UD / UD
𒅊 U+1214AIGI gunû564351SIG7
𒅋 U+1214BIL348205
𒅌 U+1214CIL x GAN2tenû349
𒅍 U+1214DIL2493320
𒅎 U+1214EIM641399 EM, TUM9, tumu, TU15
𒅏 U+1214FIM x TAK4642399,51
𒅐 U+12150IM crossing IM641v399*DALHAMUN6, MERMER3
𒅑 U+12151IM opposing IM641v
𒅒 U+12152IM squared641v399**
𒅓 U+12153IMIN863598c"7", "SEVEN"
𒅔 U+12154IN261148
𒅕 U+12155IR437232GAG gunû, ER
𒅖 U+12156IŠ357212
𒅗 U+12157KA02415INIM "word", GU3, ZU2, DUG4, DU11, KIR4, GIRI17
𒅘 U+12158KA x A06435NAĜ
𒅙 U+12159KA x AD
𒅚 U+1215AKA x AD + KU303420
𒅛 U+1215BKA x AŠ2046
𒅜 U+1215CKA x BADUŠ11
𒅝 U+1215DKA x BALAG047
𒅞 U+1215EKA x BAR030
𒅟 U+1215FKA x BI
𒅠 U+12160KA x ERIN205329*
𒅡 U+12161KA x EŠ2
𒅢 U+12162KA x GA044
𒅣 U+12163KA x GAL
𒅤 U+12164KA x GAN2tenû03319PU3
𒅥 U+12165KA x GAR065GU7
𒅦 U+12166KA x GAR + ŠA3 + A066
𒅧 U+12167KA x GI
𒅨 U+12168KA x GIR2025
𒅩 U+12169KA x GIŠ + SAR
𒅪 U+1216AKA x GIŠ crossing GIŠ
𒅫 U+1216BKA x GU06934
𒅬 U+1216CKA x GUR7063
𒅭 U+1216DKA x IGI059
𒅮 U+1216EKA x IM05430BUN2
𒅯 U+1216FKA x KAK038
𒅰 U+12170KA x KI060
𒅱 U+12171KA x KID
𒅲 U+12172KA x LI02616
𒅳 U+12173KA x LU
𒅴 U+12174KA x ME06132EME
𒅵 U+12175KA x ME + DU
𒅶 U+12176KA x ME + GI
𒅷 U+12177KA x ME + TE
𒅸 U+12178KA x MI057
𒅹 U+12179KA x MI + NUNUZ
𒅺 U+1217AKA x NE035
𒅻 U+1217BKA x NUN03118NUNDUM
𒅼 U+1217CKA x PI052
𒅽 U+1217DKA x RU028
𒅾 U+1217EKA x SA03218*SU6
𒅿 U+1217FKA x SAR045 MU11
𒆀 U+12180KA x ŠA048
𒆁 U+12181KA x ŠE050
𒆂 U+12182KA x ŠID042
𒆃 U+12183KA x ŠU049
033		19
26		ŠÚDU, PÚ
𒆄 U+12184KA x SIG068
𒆅 U+12185KA x SUḪUR
𒆆 U+12186KA x TAR
𒆇 U+12187KA x U056
𒆈 U+12188KA x U2043
𒆉 U+12189KA x UD051
𒆊 U+1218AKA x UMUM x PA
𒆋 U+1218BKA x UŠ039
𒆌 U+1218CKA x ZI
𒆍 U+1218DKA2222133
𒆎 U+1218EKA2 crossing KA2
𒆏 U+1218FKAB14888GAB2
𒆐 U+12190KAD210863a
𒆑 U+12191KAD310963c
𒆒 U+12192KAD4568354b
𒆓 U+12193KAD5569354b
𒆔 U+12194KAD5 / KAD5
𒆕 U+12195KAK379230GAG, DU3, RU2
𒆖 U+12196KAK x IGI gunû
𒆗 U+12197KAL496322ALAD2 ,KALAG
𒆘 U+12198KAL x BAD497323ALAD
𒆙 U+12199KAL crossing KAL
𒆚 U+1219AKAM2595
𒆛 U+1219BKAM4097
𒆜 U+1219CKASKAL302166
𒆝 U+1219DKASKAL LAGAB x U / LAGAB x U307vŠUBTU6
𒆞 U+1219EKASKAL / KASKAL LAGAB x U / LAGAB x U307vŠUBTU7
𒆟 U+1219FKEŠ2152
𒆠 U+121A0KI737461GAN from GANBA(market)
𒆡 U+121A1KI x BAD738
𒆢 U+121A2KI x U740462
𒆣 U+121A3KI x UD739463
𒆤 U+121A4KID484313LÍL2, GÉ, KE4
𒆥 U+121A5KIN815538SAGA11
𒆦 U+121A6KISAL435249
𒆧 U+121A7KIŠ678425
𒆨 U+121A8KISIM5687404*,1
𒆩 U+121A9KISIM5 / KISIM5687v
𒆪 U+121AAKU808536DÚR, TUKUL, TUŠ
𒆫 U+121ABKU / ḪI x AŠ2 KU / ḪI x ÁŠ
𒆬 U+121ACKU3745468KUG
𒆭 U+121ADKU408758KUR9 (See also: 𒋽)
𒆮 U+121AEKU4 variant form
𒆯 U+121AFKU7171110
𒆰 U+121B0KUL11772NUMUN
𒆱 U+121B1KUL gunû
𒆲 U+121B2KUN13177
𒆳 U+121B3KUR578366GIN3, KUR The underworld
𒆴 U+121B4KUR opposing KURLAHMU
𒆵 U+121B5KUŠU2896562
𒆶 U+121B6KWU318
𒆷 U+121B7LA08955
𒆸 U+121B8LAGAB755483NIGIN2, GUR4
𒆹 U+121B9LAGAB x A795522AMBAR, BUGIN, BUNIN, SUG
𒆺 U+121BALAGAB x A + DA + ḪA797523*; 524
𒆻 U+121BBLAGAB x A + GAR799526
𒆼 U+121BCLAGAB x A + LAL798
𒆽 U+121BDLAGAB x AL773498
𒆾 U+121BELAGAB x AN758
𒆿 U+121BFLAGAB x AŠ ZIDA tenû778486,1; 504
𒇀 U+121C0LAGAB x BAD760486GIGIR
𒇁 U+121C1LAGAB x BI769496
𒇂 U+121C2LAGAB x DAR765489
𒇃 U+121C3LAGAB x EN764
𒇄 U+121C4LAGAB x GA775
𒇅 U+121C5LAGAB x GAR801528
𒇆 U+121C6LAGAB x GUD772493
𒇇 U+121C7LAGAB x GUD + GUD766494
𒇈 U+121C8LAGAB x ḪA800527
𒇉 U+121C9LAGAB x ḪAL756484ENGUR
𒇊 U+121CALAGAB x ḪI x NUN784509
𒇋 U+121CBLAGAB x IGI gunû
𒇌 U+121CCLAGAB x IM785510
𒇍 U+121CDLAGAB x IM + ḪA
𒇎 U+121CELAGAB x IM + LU
𒇏 U+121CFLAGAB x KI789514
𒇐 U+121D0LAGAB x KIN794519
𒇑 U+121D1LAGAB x KU3790513; 506GARIM
𒇒 U+121D2LAGAB x KUL761
𒇓 U+121D3LAGAB x KUL + ḪI + A762
𒇔 U+121D4LAGAB x LAGAB804529NIĜIN
𒇕 U+121D5LAGAB x LIŠ782486,1; 503
𒇖 U+121D6LAGAB x LU793518
𒇗 U+121D7LAGAB x LUL777502
𒇘 U+121D8LAGAB x ME791516
𒇙 U+121D9LAGAB x ME + EN792517
𒇚 U+121DALAGAB x MUŠ780507
𒇛 U+121DBLAGAB x NE768495UDUB
𒇜 U+121DCLAGAB x ŠE + SUM779491,6; 492
𒇝 U+121DDLAGAB x ŠITA + GIŠ + ERIN2
𒇞 U+121DELAGAB x ŠITA + GIŠ tenû
𒇟 U+121DFLAGAB x ŠU2802520
𒇠 U+121E0LAGAB x ŠU2 + ŠU2803521
𒇡 U+121E1LAGAB x SUM767491ZAR
𒇢 U+121E2LAGAB x TAG
𒇣 U+121E3LAGAB x TAK4759485
𒇤 U+121E4LAGAB x TE + A + SU + NA
𒇥 U+121E5LAGAB x U786511GÍGIR "wain"; PÚ, TÚL "source, fount"
𒇦 U+121E6LAGAB x U + A787512
𒇧 U+121E7LAGAB x U + U + U788515BUL
𒇨 U+121E8LAGAB x U2 + AŠ774499
𒇩 U+121E9LAGAB x UD783505
𒇪 U+121EALAGAB x UŠ770
𒇫 U+121EBLAGAB squared805530
𒇬 U+121ECLAGAR719458HZL nr. 186
𒇭 U+121EDLAGAR x ŠE722460SU7
𒇮 U+121EELAGAR x ŠE + SUM723
𒇯 U+121EFLAGAR gunû721459DU6
𒇰 U+121F0LAGAR gunû / LAGAR gunû ŠE721v
𒇱 U+121F1LAḪŠU
𒇲 U+121F2LAL750481LA2
𒇳 U+121F3LAL x LAL751482LAL2
𒇴 U+121F4LAM693435BA from GANBA(market)
𒇵 U+121F5LAM x KUR694436 EŠ22
𒇶 U+121F6LAM x KUR + RU694v436,4
𒇷 U+121F7LI08559
𒇸 U+121F8LIL544336
𒇹 U+121F9LIMMU2215124
𒇺 U+121FALIŠ591377DÍLIM
𒇻 U+121FBLU812537UDU
𒇼 U+121FCLU x BAD814537,65c; 537*ÀD
𒇽 U+121FDLU2514330Person
𒇾 U+121FELU2 x AL523
𒇿 U+121FFLU2 x BAD517
𒈀 U+12200LU2 x EŠ2
𒈁 U+12201LU2 x EŠ2tenû
𒈂 U+12202LU2 x GAN2tenû521
𒈃 U+12203LU2 x ḪI x BAD
𒈄 U+12204LU2 x IM526
𒈅 U+12205LU2 x KAD2519
𒈆 U+12206LU2 x KAD3
𒈇 U+12207LU2 x KAD3 + AŠ
𒈈 U+12208LU2 x KI527
𒈉 U+12209LU2 x LA + AŠ
𒈊 U+1220ALU2 x LAGAB528
𒈋 U+1220BLU2 x ME + EN
𒈌 U+1220CLU2 x NE522DU14
𒈍 U+1220DLU2 x NU
𒈎 U+1220ELU2 x SI + AŠ
𒈏 U+1220FLU2 x SIK2 + BU533
𒈐 U+12210LU2 x TUG2530AZLAG7
𒈑 U+12211LU2tenû515
𒈒 U+12212LU2 crossing LU2
𒈓 U+12213LU2 opposing LU2
𒈔 U+12214LU2 squared
𒈕 U+12215LU2šešig516; 534330DIM3
𒈖 U+12216LU3555345GÚG, ŠÈ gunû
𒈗 U+12217LUGAL266151
𒈘 U+12218LUGAL / LUGAL266vDADRUM?
𒈙 U+12219LUGAL opposing LUGAL266vunattested
𒈚 U+1221ALUGAL šešigDIM3
𒈛 U+1221BLUḪ494321
𒈜 U+1221CLUL570355NAR
𒈝 U+1221DLUM900565ḪUM
𒈞 U+1221ELUM / LUM902565a; 566a
𒈟 U+1221FLUM / LUM GAR / GAR904566bLÙGUD
𒈠 U+12220MA552342
𒈡 U+12221MA x TAK4
𒈢 U+12222MA gunû270146ḪASḪUR
𒈣 U+12223MA2201122
𒈤 U+12224MAḪ09157MAH
𒈥 U+12225MAR483307
𒈦 U+12226MAŠ12074
𒈧 U+12227MAŠ213076
𒈨 U+12228ME753532
𒈩 U+12229MES486533RID, KIŠIB
𒈪 U+1222AMI681427ĜI6, GE6
𒈫 U+1222BMIN825570
𒈬 U+1222CMU09861ĜU10
𒈭 U+1222DMU / MU301169TAḪ, DAḪ
𒈮 U+1222EMUG012003 oakum
𒈯 U+1222FMUG gunû00134ZADIM
𒈰 U+12230MUNSUB820543MUNŠUB
𒈱 U+12231MURGU2567
𒈲 U+12232MUŠ585374
𒈳 U+12233MUŠ x A
𒈴 U+12234MUŠ x KUR
𒈵 U+12235MUŠ x ZA
𒈶 U+12236MUŠ / MUŠ586RI8
𒈷 U+12237MUŠ / MUŠ x A + NA
𒈸 U+12238MUŠ crossing MUŠ
𒈹 U+12239MUŠ3153103 INANNA, INNIN
𒈺 U+1223AMUŠ3 x A154
𒈻 U+1223BMUŠ3 x A + DI155
𒈼 U+1223CMUŠ3 x DI
𒈽 U+1223DMUŠ3gunûSUH
𒈾 U+1223ENA11070
𒈿 U+1223FNA2689431NU2
𒉀 U+12240NAGA293 NISABA
𒉁 Haya U+12241NAGA inverted ḪAYA
𒉂 U+12242NAGA x ŠU tenû294
𒉃 U+12243NAGA opposing NAGA
𒉄 U+12244NAGAR893560ALLA
𒉅 U+12245NAM NUTILLU
𒉆 U+12246NAM13479
𒉇 U+12247NAM2
𒉈 U+12248NE313172BI2, DE3, DU17, IZI, LAM2, LIM4
𒉉 U+12249NE x A315
𒉊 U+1224ANE x UD314
𒉋 U+1224BNE šešig312173BÍL
𒉌 U+1224CNI380231I3
𒉍 U+1224DNI x E
𒉎 U+1224ENI2641399
𒉏 U+1224FNIM690433NUM
𒉐 U+12250NIM x GAN2tenû691434
𒉑 U+12251NIM x GAR + GAN2tenû692434a
𒉒 U+12252NINDA2316176
𒉓 U+12253NINDA2 x AN320
𒉔 U+12254NINDA2 x AŠ317176,12; 177,2
𒉕 U+12255NINDA2 x AŠ + AŠ316177,3
𒉖 U+12256NINDA2 x GUD327187,6
𒉗 U+12257NINDA2 x ME + GAN2tenû
𒉘 U+12258NINDA2 x NE326183ÁG "darling", RE, AĜ2
𒉙 U+12259NINDA2 x NUN324181AZU
𒉚 U+1225ANINDA2 x ŠE333v3
𒉛 U+1225BNINDA2 x ŠE + A AN333ŠAM2
𒉜 U+1225CNINDA2 x ŠE + AŠ331
𒉝 U+1225DNINDA2 x ŠE + AŠ + AŠ332
𒉞 U+1225ENINDA2 x U2 + AŠ330
𒉟 U+1225FNINDA2 x UŠ
𒉠 U+12260NISAG545337MURU2, MURUB4, ITI gunû
𒉡 U+12261NU11275
𒉢 U+12262NU1111571ŠIR
𒉣 U+12263NUN14387 eridu
𒉤 U+12264NUN LAGAR x GAR
𒉥 U+12265NUN LAGAR x MAŠ
𒉦 U+12266NUN LAGAR x SAL
𒉧 U+12267NUN LAGAR x SAL / NUN LAGAR x SAL
𒉨 U+12268NUN LAGAR x UŠ
𒉩 U+12269NUN tenû14487
𒉪 U+1226ANUN / NUN502325NIR
𒉫 U+1226BNUN crossing NUN10763d
𒉬 U+1226CNUN crossing NUN LAGAR / LAGAR
𒉭 U+1226DNUNUZ614394
𒉮 U+1226ENUNUZ AB2 x AŠGAB619394c,eUSAN3
𒉯 U+1226FNUNUZ AB2 x BI621394dMUD3
𒉰 U+12270NUNUZ AB2 x DUG625
𒉱 U+12271NUNUZ AB2 x GUD623
𒉲 U+12272NUNUZ AB2 x IGI gunû627
𒉳 U+12273NUNUZ AB2 x KAD3618
𒉴 U+12274NUNUZ AB2 x LA616394bLAḪTAN
𒉵 U+12275NUNUZ AB2 x NE620
𒉶 U+12276NUNUZ AB2 x SILA3617394b'LAḪTAN2
𒉷 U+12277NUNUZ AB2 x U2(624)
𒉸 U+12278NUNUZ KISIM5 x BI621394dMUD3
𒉹 U+12279NUNUZ KISIM5 x BI U622MUD3.U
𒉺 U+1227APA464295GIDRU "staff, sceptre", UGULA "overseer", GARZA "office"
𒉻 U+1227BPAD746469ŠUK
𒉼 U+1227CPAN685439BAN, BANA, PANA; Akkadian qaštu
𒉽 U+1227DPAP09260PAB, KUR2
𒉾 U+1227EPEŠ2741; 882346
𒉿 U+1227FPI598383TAL2
𒊀 U+12280PI x A598vHZL nr. 326
𒊁 U+12281PI x AB598vHZL nr. 318
𒊂 U+12282PI x BI598vHZL nr. 320
𒊃 U+12283PI x BU598vHZL nr. 324
𒊄 U+12284PI x E598vHZL nr. 322
𒊅 U+12285PI x I598vHZL nr. 319
𒊆 U+12286PI x IB598vHZL nr. 325
𒊇 U+12287PI x U598vHZL nr. 323
𒊈 U+12288PI x U2598vHZL nr. 321
𒊉 U+12289PI crossing PI598v383,3
𒊊 U+1228APIRIG444
𒊋 U+1228BPIRIG x KAL295
𒊌 U+1228CPIRIG x UD296130UG, UKU4
𒊍 U+1228DPIRIG x ZA297AZ
𒊎 U+1228EPIRIG opposing PIRIG
𒊏 U+1228FRA511328
𒊐 U+12290RAB262149
𒊑 U+12291RI14286DAL, RE, TAL, ŠA7
𒊒 U+12292RU11148
𒊓 U+12293SA172104
𒊔 U+12294SAG NUTILLU
𒊕 U+12295SAG184115SAĜ
𒊖 U+12296SAG x A197
𒊗 U+12297SAG x DU187
𒊘 U+12298SAG x DUB
𒊙 U+12299SAG x ḪA198
𒊚 U+1229ASAG x KAK188
𒊛 U+1229BSAG x KUR
𒊜 U+1229CSAG x LUM200
𒊝 U+1229DSAG x MI195
𒊞 U+1229ESAG x NUN185
𒊟 U+1229FSAG x SAL199
𒊠 U+122A0SAG x ŠID191
𒊡 U+122A1SAG x TAB
𒊢 U+122A2SAG x U2192
𒊣 U+122A3SAG x UB193
𒊤 U+122A4SAG x UM186
𒊥 U+122A5SAG x UR196
𒊦 U+122A6SAG x UŠ190
𒊧 U+122A7SAG / SAG
𒊨 U+122A8SAG gunû512329DUL3
𒊩 U+122A9SAL883554 MI2, MUNUS
𒊪]U+122AASAL LAGAB x AŠ2
𒊫 U+122ABSANGA2314
𒊬 U+122ACSAR541152 MU2, SAR
𒊭 U+122ADŠA566353
𒊮 U+122AEŠA3599384ŠAG4
𒊯 U+122AFŠA3 x A608390PEŠ4
𒊰 U+122B0ŠA3 x BAD600
𒊱 U+122B1ŠA3 x GIŠ603
𒊲 U+122B2ŠA3 x NE602385
𒊳 U+122B3ŠA3 x ŠU2609389
𒊴 U+122B4ŠA3 x TUR601
𒊵 U+122B5ŠA3 x U605
𒊶 U+122B6ŠA3 x U + A606388BIR6
𒊷 U+122B7ŠA6SAG9
𒊸 U+122B8ŠAB6295k
𒊹 U+122B9ŠAR2632; 633396TI2
𒊺 U+122BAŠE579367
𒊻 U+122BBŠE ḪU
𒊼 U+122BCŠE / ŠE GAD / GAD GAR / GAR
𒊽 U+122BDŠE / ŠE TAB / TAB GAR / GAR
𒊾 U+122BEŠEG9878551
𒊿 U+122BFŠEN017008= SU x A, ALAL, PISAN3, DUR10
𒋀 U+122C0ŠEŠ535331URI3, URU3
𒋁 U+122C1ŠEŠ2821544
𒋂 U+122C2ŠEŠLAM10065
𒋃 U+122C3ŠID485314LAG, UTTU2
𒋄 U+122C4ŠID x A489317UMBISAG2
𒋅 U+122C5ŠID x IM487317a
𒋆 U+122C6ŠIM362215
𒋇 U+122C7ŠIM x A372
𒋈 U+122C8ŠIM x BAL363216,3; 217
𒋉 U+122C9ŠIM x BULUG367218,2
𒋊 U+122CAŠIM x DIN366221
𒋋 U+122CBŠIM x GAR373225
𒋌 U+122CCŠIM x IGI371
𒋍 U+122CDŠIM x IGI gunû368219*
𒋎 U+122CEŠIM x KUŠU2375223
𒋏 U+122CFŠIM x LUL369
𒋐 U+122D0ŠIM x MUG365216
𒋑 U+122D1ŠIM x SAL374222
𒋒 U+122D2ŠINIG93
𒋓 U+122D3ŠIR11571
𒋔 U+122D4ŠIR tenû116
𒋕 U+122D5ŠIR / ŠIR BUR / BUR
𒋖 U+122D6ŠITA388233,22"GA2"
𒋗 U+122D7ŠU567354
𒋘 U+122D8ŠU / inverted ŠU
𒋙 U+122D9ŠU2869545
𒋚 U+122DAŠUBUR002253
𒋛 U+122DBSI181112MA
𒋜 U+122DCSI gunû182113SU4
𒋝 U+122DDSIG881592
𒋞 U+122DESIG4905; 906567MURGU; HZL nr. 311
𒋟 U+122DFSIG4 / SIG4 ŠU2907568
𒋠 U+122E0SIK2816539SIG2, SIKI
𒋡 U+122E1SILA309962
𒋢 U+122E2SU016007also KUŠ "skin, hide"
𒋣 U+122E3SU / SU
𒋤 U+122E4SUD584373BU gunû, SU3
𒋥 U+122E5SUD2139
𒋦 U+122E6SUḪUR646403
𒋧 U+122E7SUM292164ŠUM2
𒋨 U+122E8SUMAŠ323182
𒋩 U+122E9SUR151101
𒋪 U+122EASUR9205122d
𒋫 U+122EBTA248139
𒋬 U+122ECTA*248v
𒋭 U+122EDTA x ḪI250LAL3
𒋮 U+122EETA x MI251
𒋯 U+122EFTA gunû
𒋰 U+122F0TAB209124
𒋱 U+122F1TAB / TAB NI / NI DIŠ / DIŠ
𒋲 U+122F2TAB squared
𒋳 U+122F3TAG221126
𒋴 U+122F4TAG x BI
𒋵 U+122F5TAG x GUD
𒋶 U+122F6TAG x ŠE
𒋷 U+122F7TAG x ŠU
𒋸 U+122F8TAG x TUG2
𒋹 U+122F9TAG x UD
𒋺 U+122FATAK410663KID2, TAKA4
𒋻 U+122FBTAR00912
𒋼 U+122FCTE589376GAL5
𒋽 U+122FDTE gunû08858URU5, GUR8, KUR9 (See also: 𒆭)
𒋾 U+122FETI11873DÌ, TE9, TI, TIL3, TÌ, ṬE6
𒋿 U+122FFTI tenû
𒌀 U+12300TIL11469= BAD U+12041
𒌁 U+12301TIR587375
𒌂 U+12302TIR x TAK4
𒌃 U+12303TIR / TIR587vNINNI5
𒌄 U+12304TIR / TIR GAD / GAD GAR / GAR588375,46a-b
𒌅 U+12305TU08658DU2, TUD, TUR5
𒌆 U+12306TUG2809536NAM2
𒌇 U+12307TUK827574DU12, TUG
𒌈 U+12308TUM354207DU4
𒌉 U+12309TUR255144DU13, DUMU
𒌊 U+1230ATUR / TUR ZA / ZA
𒌋 U+1230BU661411BUR3, BURU3, UMUN, "TEN", "10"
𒌌 U+1230CU GUDUL, DU7
𒌍 U+1230DU U U711472EŠ, "THIRTY", "30"; see "Winkelhaken".
𒌎 U+1230EU / U PA / PA GAR / GAR
𒌏 U+1230FU / U SUR / SUR
𒌐 U+12310U / U U reversed / U reversed713474MAŠGI, BARGI
𒌑 U+12311U2490318
𒌒 U+12312UB504306AR2
𒌓 U+12313UD596381BABBAR, UD, UT, UTA, UTU
𒌔 U+12314UD KUŠU2611392UḪ2
𒌕 U+12315UD x BAD
𒌖 U+12316UD x MI597382ITIMA2
𒌗 U+12317UD x U + U + UDU16
𒌘 U+12318UD x U + U + U gunû
𒌙 U+12319UD gunû542337*uncertain
𒌚 U+1231AUD šešig002052ITI, UD x EŠ
𒌛 U+1231BUD šešig x BAD
𒌜 U+1231CUDUG833577; 578
𒌝 U+1231DUM238134
𒌞 U+1231EUM x LAGAB
𒌟 U+1231FUM x ME + DA241
𒌠 U+12320UM x ŠA3
𒌡 U+12321UM x U239
𒌢 U+12322UMBIN92b
𒌣 U+12323UMUMDU19
𒌤 U+12324UMUM x KASKALDE2
𒌥 U+12325UMUM x PA
𒌦 U+12326UN501312KALAM, KANAM, UG3, UĜ3, UKU3 "man"
𒌧 U+12327UN gunû
𒌨 U+12328UR828575HUL
𒌩 U+12329UR crossing UR828v575a
𒌪 U+1232AUR šešig829reconstruction
𒌫 U+1232BUR2341203
𒌬 U+1232CUR2 x A + ḪA346
𒌭 U+1232DUR2 x A + NA
𒌮 U+1232EUR2 x AL343
𒌯 U+1232FUR2 x ḪA347185,5
𒌰 U+12330UR2 x NUN342204
𒌱 U+12331UR2 x U2344
𒌲 U+12332UR2 x U2 + AŠ345185
𒌳 U+12333UR2 x U2 + BI
𒌴 U+12334UR4835594
𒌵 U+12335URI574359BUR/BUR
𒌶 U+12336URI3
𒌷 U+12337URU07138RI2, IRI
𒌸 U+12338URU x A081
𒌹 U+12339URU x AŠGAB
𒌺 U+1233AURU x BAR07340UKKIN
𒌻 U+1233BURU x DUN
𒌼 U+1233CURU x GA076
𒌽 U+1233DURU x GAL
𒌾 U+1233EURU x GAN2tenû074
𒌿 U+1233FURU x GAR083
𒍀 U+12340URU x GU084
𒍁 U+12341URU x ḪA082
𒍂 U+12342URU x IGI079
𒍃 U+12343URU x IM
𒍄 U+12344URU x IŠ
𒍅 U+12345URU x KI
𒍆 U+12346URU x LUM
𒍇 U+12347URU x MIN080ULU3, U18, LU7
𒍈 U+12348URU x PA
𒍉 U+12349URU x ŠE
𒍊 U+1234AURU x SIG4
𒍋 U+1234BURU x TU072
𒍌 U+1234CURU x U + GUD
𒍍 U+1234DURU x UD077
𒍎 U+1234EURU x URUDA07541BANŠUR
𒍏 U+1234FURUDA230132URUDU
𒍐 U+12350URUDA x U230
𒍑 U+12351UŠ381211NITA
𒍒 U+12352UŠ x A384211a
𒍓 U+12353UŠ x KU383
𒍔 U+12354UŠ x KUR
𒍕 U+12355UŠ x TAK438251*
𒍖 U+12356UŠX583372UZ, US, UŠ
𒍗 U+12357UŠ269MŪTU, (m-w-t), (mawt), (mt), מָוֶת (mawet), Neo-Assyrian Aramaic: ܡܘܬܐ. See also: Middle Egyptian: 𓀐, Proto-Malayo-Polynesian: *(m-)atay
𒍘 U+12358UŠUMX
𒍙 U+12359UTUKI
𒍚 U+1235AUZ3203122b
𒍛 U+1235BUZ3 x KASKAL204122c
𒍜 U+1235CUZU311171
𒍝 U+1235DZA851586
𒍞 U+1235EZA tenû854379; 380AS4, ERIM tenû
𒍟 U+1235FZA squared x KUR855531; 588
𒍠 U+12360ZAG540332ZA3
𒍡 U+12361ZAMX
𒍢 U+12362ZE2259147ZI2, AB x PA
𒍣 U+12363ZI14084ZE1, ZID, ZIG3
𒍤 U+12364ZI / ZI10166
𒍥 U+12365ZI3536
𒍦 U+12366ZIB628395
𒍧 U+12367ZIB KABA tenû
𒍨 U+12368ZIG336190ZIK, NINDA x EŠ
𒍩 U+12369ZIZ2339
𒍪 U+1236AZU015006 SU, ṢU, ZU
𒍫 U+1236BZU5
𒍬 U+1236CZU5 x A
𒍭 U+1236DZUBUR648364/5,2-3
𒍮 U+1236EZUM884555
𒍯 U+1236FKAP ELAMITE
𒍰 U+12370AB x NUN
𒍱 U+12371AB2 x A
𒍲 U+12372AMAR x KUG
𒍳 U+12373DAG KISIM5 x U2 + MAŠ
𒍴 U+12374DAG3
𒍵 U+12375DIŠ + ŠU
𒍶 U+12376DUB x ŠE
𒍷 U+12377EZEN x GUD
𒍸 U+12378EZEN x ŠE
𒍹 U+12379GA2 x AN + KAK + A
𒍺 U+1237AGA2 x AŠ2
𒍻 U+1237BGE22
𒍼 U+1237CGIG
𒍽 U+1237DḪUŠ
𒍾 U+1237EKA x ANŠE
𒍿 U+1237FKA x AŠ3
𒎀 U+12380KA x GIŠ
𒎁 U+12381KA x GUD
𒎂 U+12382KA x ḪI x AŠ2
𒎃 U+12383KA x LUM
𒎄 U+12384KA x PA
𒎅 U+12385KA x ŠUL
𒎆 U+12386KA x TU
𒎇 U+12387KA x UR2
𒎈 U+12388LAGAB x GI
𒎉 U+12389LU2 ŠEŠIG x BAD
𒎊 U+1238ALU2 x EŠ2 + LAL
𒎋 U+1238BLU2 x ŠU
𒎌 U+1238CMEŠ
𒎍 U+1238DMUŠ3 x ZA
𒎎 U+1238ENA4
𒎏 U+1238FNIN
𒎐 U+12390NIN9
𒎑 U+12391NINDA2 x BAL
𒎒 U+12392NINDA2 x GI
𒎓 U+12393NU11 rotated 90°
𒎔 U+12394PEŠ2*
𒎕 U+12395PIR2
𒎖 U+12396SAG x IGI gunû
𒎗 U+12397TI2
𒎘 U+12398UM x ME
𒎙 U+12399U U"TWENTY", "20"

Code chart

Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform script was added to the Unicode Standard in July, 2006 with the release of version 5.0.

The Unicode block for Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform is U+12000–U+123FF:

Cuneiform [1] [2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
 0123456789ABCDEF
U+1200x𒀀𒀁𒀂𒀃𒀄𒀅𒀆𒀇𒀈𒀉𒀊𒀋𒀌𒀍𒀎𒀏
U+1201x𒀐𒀑𒀒𒀓𒀔𒀕𒀖𒀗𒀘𒀙𒀚𒀛𒀜𒀝𒀞𒀟
U+1202x𒀠𒀡𒀢𒀣𒀤𒀥𒀦𒀧𒀨𒀩𒀪𒀫𒀬𒀭𒀮𒀯
U+1203x𒀰𒀱𒀲𒀳𒀴𒀵𒀶𒀷𒀸𒀹𒀺𒀻𒀼𒀽𒀾𒀿
U+1204x𒁀𒁁𒁂𒁃𒁄𒁅𒁆𒁇𒁈𒁉𒁊𒁋𒁌𒁍𒁎𒁏
U+1205x𒁐𒁑𒁒𒁓𒁔𒁕𒁖𒁗𒁘𒁙𒁚𒁛𒁜𒁝𒁞𒁟
U+1206x𒁠𒁡𒁢𒁣𒁤𒁥𒁦𒁧𒁨𒁩𒁪𒁫𒁬𒁭𒁮𒁯
U+1207x𒁰𒁱𒁲𒁳𒁴𒁵𒁶𒁷𒁸𒁹𒁺𒁻𒁼𒁽𒁾𒁿
U+1208x𒂀𒂁𒂂𒂃𒂄𒂅𒂆𒂇𒂈𒂉𒂊𒂋𒂌𒂍𒂎𒂏
U+1209x𒂐𒂑𒂒𒂓𒂔𒂕𒂖𒂗𒂘𒂙𒂚𒂛𒂜𒂝𒂞𒂟
U+120Ax𒂠𒂡𒂢𒂣𒂤𒂥𒂦𒂧𒂨𒂩𒂪𒂫𒂬𒂭𒂮𒂯
U+120Bx𒂰𒂱𒂲𒂳𒂴𒂵𒂶𒂷𒂸𒂹𒂺𒂻𒂼𒂽𒂾𒂿
U+120Cx𒃀𒃁𒃂𒃃𒃄𒃅𒃆𒃇𒃈𒃉𒃊𒃋𒃌𒃍𒃎𒃏
U+120Dx𒃐𒃑𒃒𒃓𒃔𒃕𒃖𒃗𒃘𒃙𒃚𒃛𒃜𒃝𒃞𒃟
U+120Ex𒃠𒃡𒃢𒃣𒃤𒃥𒃦𒃧𒃨𒃩𒃪𒃫𒃬𒃭𒃮𒃯
U+120Fx𒃰𒃱𒃲𒃳𒃴𒃵𒃶𒃷𒃸𒃹𒃺𒃻𒃼𒃽𒃾𒃿
U+1210x𒄀𒄁𒄂𒄃𒄄𒄅𒄆𒄇𒄈𒄉𒄊𒄋𒄌𒄍𒄎𒄏
U+1211x𒄐𒄑𒄒𒄓𒄔𒄕𒄖𒄗𒄘𒄙𒄚𒄛𒄜𒄝𒄞𒄟
U+1212x𒄠𒄡𒄢𒄣𒄤𒄥𒄦𒄧𒄨𒄩𒄪𒄫𒄬𒄭𒄮𒄯
U+1213x𒄰𒄱𒄲𒄳𒄴𒄵𒄶𒄷𒄸𒄹𒄺𒄻𒄼𒄽𒄾𒄿
U+1214x𒅀𒅁𒅂𒅃𒅄𒅅𒅆𒅇𒅈𒅉𒅊𒅋𒅌𒅍𒅎𒅏
U+1215x𒅐𒅑𒅒𒅓𒅔𒅕𒅖𒅗𒅘𒅙𒅚𒅛𒅜𒅝𒅞𒅟
U+1216x𒅠𒅡𒅢𒅣𒅤𒅥𒅦𒅧𒅨𒅩𒅪𒅫𒅬𒅭𒅮𒅯
U+1217x𒅰𒅱𒅲𒅳𒅴𒅵𒅶𒅷𒅸𒅹𒅺𒅻𒅼𒅽𒅾𒅿
U+1218x𒆀𒆁𒆂𒆃𒆄𒆅𒆆𒆇𒆈𒆉𒆊𒆋𒆌𒆍𒆎𒆏
U+1219x𒆐𒆑𒆒𒆓𒆔𒆕𒆖𒆗𒆘𒆙𒆚𒆛𒆜𒆝𒆞𒆟
U+121Ax𒆠𒆡𒆢𒆣𒆤𒆥𒆦𒆧𒆨𒆩𒆪𒆫𒆬𒆭𒆮𒆯
U+121Bx𒆰𒆱𒆲𒆳𒆴𒆵𒆶𒆷𒆸𒆹𒆺𒆻𒆼𒆽𒆾𒆿
U+121Cx𒇀𒇁𒇂𒇃𒇄𒇅𒇆𒇇𒇈𒇉𒇊𒇋𒇌𒇍𒇎𒇏
U+121Dx𒇐𒇑𒇒𒇓𒇔𒇕𒇖𒇗𒇘𒇙𒇚𒇛𒇜𒇝𒇞𒇟
U+121Ex𒇠𒇡𒇢𒇣𒇤𒇥𒇦𒇧𒇨𒇩𒇪𒇫𒇬𒇭𒇮𒇯
U+121Fx𒇰𒇱𒇲𒇳𒇴𒇵𒇶𒇷𒇸𒇹𒇺𒇻𒇼𒇽𒇾𒇿
U+1220x𒈀𒈁𒈂𒈃𒈄𒈅𒈆𒈇𒈈𒈉𒈊𒈋𒈌𒈍𒈎𒈏
U+1221x𒈐𒈑𒈒𒈓𒈔𒈕𒈖𒈗𒈘𒈙𒈚𒈛𒈜𒈝𒈞𒈟
U+1222x𒈠𒈡𒈢𒈣𒈤𒈥𒈦𒈧𒈨𒈩𒈪𒈫𒈬𒈭𒈮𒈯
U+1223x𒈰𒈱𒈲𒈳𒈴𒈵𒈶𒈷𒈸𒈹𒈺𒈻𒈼𒈽𒈾𒈿
U+1224x𒉀𒉁𒉂𒉃𒉄𒉅𒉆𒉇𒉈𒉉𒉊𒉋𒉌𒉍𒉎𒉏
U+1225x𒉐𒉑𒉒𒉓𒉔𒉕𒉖𒉗𒉘𒉙𒉚𒉛𒉜𒉝𒉞𒉟
U+1226x𒉠𒉡𒉢𒉣𒉤𒉥𒉦𒉧𒉨𒉩𒉪𒉫𒉬𒉭𒉮𒉯
U+1227x𒉰𒉱𒉲𒉳𒉴𒉵𒉶𒉷𒉸𒉹𒉺𒉻𒉼𒉽𒉾𒉿
U+1228x𒊀𒊁𒊂𒊃𒊄𒊅𒊆𒊇𒊈𒊉𒊊𒊋𒊌𒊍𒊎𒊏
U+1229x𒊐𒊑𒊒𒊓𒊔𒊕𒊖𒊗𒊘𒊙𒊚𒊛𒊜𒊝𒊞𒊟
U+122Ax𒊠𒊡𒊢𒊣𒊤𒊥𒊦𒊧𒊨𒊩𒊪𒊫𒊬𒊭𒊮𒊯
U+122Bx𒊰𒊱𒊲𒊳𒊴𒊵𒊶𒊷𒊸𒊹𒊺𒊻𒊼𒊽𒊾𒊿
U+122Cx𒋀𒋁𒋂𒋃𒋄𒋅𒋆𒋇𒋈𒋉𒋊𒋋𒋌𒋍𒋎𒋏
U+122Dx𒋐𒋑𒋒𒋓𒋔𒋕𒋖𒋗𒋘𒋙𒋚𒋛𒋜𒋝𒋞𒋟
U+122Ex𒋠𒋡𒋢𒋣𒋤𒋥𒋦𒋧𒋨𒋩𒋪𒋫𒋬𒋭𒋮𒋯
U+122Fx𒋰𒋱𒋲𒋳𒋴𒋵𒋶𒋷𒋸𒋹𒋺𒋻𒋼𒋽𒋾𒋿
U+1230x𒌀𒌁𒌂𒌃𒌄𒌅𒌆𒌇𒌈𒌉𒌊𒌋𒌌𒌍𒌎𒌏
U+1231x𒌐𒌑𒌒𒌓𒌔𒌕𒌖𒌗𒌘𒌙𒌚𒌛𒌜𒌝𒌞𒌟
U+1232x𒌠𒌡𒌢𒌣𒌤𒌥𒌦𒌧𒌨𒌩𒌪𒌫𒌬𒌭𒌮𒌯
U+1233x𒌰𒌱𒌲𒌳𒌴𒌵𒌶𒌷𒌸𒌹𒌺𒌻𒌼𒌽𒌾𒌿
U+1234x𒍀𒍁𒍂𒍃𒍄𒍅𒍆𒍇𒍈𒍉𒍊𒍋𒍌𒍍𒍎𒍏
U+1235x𒍐𒍑𒍒𒍓𒍔𒍕𒍖𒍗𒍘𒍙𒍚𒍛𒍜𒍝𒍞𒍟
U+1236x𒍠𒍡𒍢𒍣𒍤𒍥𒍦𒍧𒍨𒍩𒍪𒍫𒍬𒍭𒍮𒍯
U+1237x𒍰𒍱𒍲𒍳𒍴𒍵𒍶𒍷𒍸𒍹𒍺𒍻𒍼𒍽𒍾𒍿
U+1238x𒎀𒎁𒎂𒎃𒎄𒎅𒎆𒎇𒎈𒎉𒎊𒎋𒎌𒎍𒎎𒎏
U+1239x𒎐𒎑𒎒𒎓𒎔𒎕𒎖𒎗𒎘𒎙
U+123Ax
U+123Bx
U+123Cx
U+123Dx
U+123Ex
U+123Fx
Notes
1. ^ As of Unicode version 16.0
2. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

History

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Cuneiform block:

See also

Related Research Articles

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A determinative, also known as a taxogram or semagram, is an ideogram used to mark semantic categories of words in logographic scripts which helps to disambiguate interpretation. They have no direct counterpart in spoken language, though they may derive historically from glyphs for real words, and functionally they resemble classifiers in East Asian and sign languages. For example, Egyptian hieroglyphic determinatives include symbols for divinities, people, parts of the body, animals, plants, and books/abstract ideas, which helped in reading but were not pronounced.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Old Persian cuneiform</span> Semi-alphabetic cuneiform script

Old Persian cuneiform is a semi-alphabetic cuneiform script that was the primary script for Old Persian. Texts written in this cuneiform have been found in Iran, Armenia, Romania (Gherla), Turkey, and along the Suez Canal. They were mostly inscriptions from the time period of Darius I, such as the DNa inscription, as well as his son, Xerxes I. Later kings down to Artaxerxes III used more recent forms of the language classified as "pre-Middle Persian".

<i>Dingir</i> Cuneiform sign of deities and sky

Dingir ⟨𒀭⟩, usually transliterated DIĜIR, is a Sumerian word for 'god' or 'goddess'. Its cuneiform sign is most commonly employed as the determinative for religious names and related concepts, in which case it is not pronounced and is conventionally transliterated as a superscript ⟨d⟩, e.g. dInanna.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Winkelhaken</span>

The Winkelhaken, also simply called a hook, is one of five basic wedge elements appearing in the composition of signs in Akkadian cuneiform. It was realized by pressing the point of the stylus into the clay.

Riekele or Rykle Borger was a notable Dutch Assyriologist educated in the German tradition. He was the protégé of Wolfram von Soden, and taught as professor in the Seminar für Keilschriftforschung at the University of Göttingen, Germany.

Many scripts in Unicode, such as Arabic, have special orthographic rules that require certain combinations of letterforms to be combined into special ligature forms. In English, the common ampersand (&) developed from a ligature in which the handwritten Latin letters e and t were combined. The rules governing ligature formation in Arabic can be quite complex, requiring special script-shaping technologies such as the Arabic Calligraphic Engine by Thomas Milo's DecoType.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ukkin</span> Sumerian word for Divine council

Ukkin (UKKIN) is the Sumerian word or symbol for assembly, temple council or Divine council, written ideographically with the cuneiform sign 𒌺.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lexical lists</span> Series of ancient Mesopotamian glossaries

The cuneiform lexical lists are a series of ancient Mesopotamian glossaries which preserve the semantics of Sumerograms, their phonetic value and their Akkadian or other language equivalents. They are the oldest literary texts from Mesopotamia and one of the most widespread genres in the ancient Near East. Wherever cuneiform tablets have been uncovered, inside Iraq or in the wider Middle East, these lists have been discovered.

Runic is a Unicode block containing runic characters. It was introduced in Unicode 3.0 (1999), with eight additional characters introduced in Unicode 7.0 (2014). The original encoding of runes in UCS was based on the recommendations of the "ISO Runes Project" submitted in 1997.

In Unicode, the Sumero-Akkadian Cuneiform script is covered in three blocks in the Supplementary Multilingual Plane (SMP):

Early Dynastic Cuneiform is a Unicode block of the Supplementary Multilingual Plane (SMP), at U+12480–U+1254F, introduced in version 8.0. It is a supplement to the earlier encoding of the cuneiform script in the two blocks U+12000–U+123FF "Cuneiform" and U+12400–U+1247F "Cuneiform Numbers and Punctuation".

References

Citations

  1. ↑ "Unicode character database". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  2. ↑ "Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
  3. ↑ Cuneiform Unicode.org chart (PDF)
  4. ↑ Unicode cuneiform
  5. ↑ L. Anderson, June 2004 [ permanent dead link ]
  6. ↑ (after Anderson's sign list Archived 2010-04-08 at the Wayback Machine )

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