Hanifi Rohingya script

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Hanifi Rohingya script
𐴌𐴟𐴇𐴥𐴝𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝 𐴇𐴝𐴕𐴞𐴉𐴞 𐴓𐴠𐴑𐴤𐴝
رُحَ࣪ڠۡگَ࣪ࢬ حَنِفِي لࣦكَ࣪
Ruáingga Hanifi leká
Rohingya.svg
The word "Rohingya" written in the script
Script type
Alphabet
Creator Mohammad Hanif
Created1980s
Direction Right-to-left script   OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Languages Rohingya language
Related scripts
Parent systems
ISO 15924
ISO 15924 Rohg(167),Hanifi Rohingya
Unicode
Unicode alias
Hanifi Rohingya
U+10D00–U+10D3F
 This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.For the distinction between [ ], / / and  , see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

The Hanifi Rohingya script is a unified script for the Rohingya language. Rohingya today is written in three scripts, Hanifi, Arabic (Rohingya Fonna), and Latin (Rohingyalish). [1] The Rohingya language was first written in the 19th century with a version of the Perso-Arabic script. In 1975, an orthographic Arabic script was developed and approved by the community leaders, based on the Urdu alphabet but with unique innovations to make the script suitable to Rohingya.

Contents

In the 1980s, Mohammad Hanif and his colleagues created a suitable phonetic script based on the Arabic alphabet; it has been compared to the N’ko script.

This script, unlike the Arabic script, is alphabetical, meaning that all vowels are independent letters, as opposed to diacritics as is the case in Arabic. However, vowels cannot stand on their own and always need to be connected to a consonant similar to diacritics. Therefore, diphthongs cannot be written as vowel-vowel combination even though typographically this is possible. Tone markers are shown as diacritics in Hanifi script. It is written from right to left, following the direction of the Arabic script. [2] [3]

Characters

The script has 32 consonant letters. Four of the consonant letters are unique to Rohingya and represent consonants that undergo fusion with a preceding consonant.

Letters
𐴆𐴅𐴄𐴃𐴁𐴀
𐴋𐴊𐴉𐴂𐴈𐴇
𐴑𐴐𐴏𐴎𐴍𐴌
𐴘𐴖𐴕𐴔𐴓𐴒
◌𐴧𐴜𐴛𐴚

The script has 6 vowels and 2 semi-vowels.

Vowels
𐴢𐴡𐴠𐴟𐴞𐴝
Semi-vowels
𐴗𐴙

The script has three tone markers that are shown as diacritics above or below the vowel letters. The tone markers indicate high, low or falling tones.

Tone marks
◌𐴦◌𐴥◌𐴤

Letters and their pronunciations and their equivalents

Consonants

Character [4] BurmeseNameFinalMedialLatin ScriptArabic ScriptPronunciationUnicode [5]
𐴀A𐴀ـ𐴀ـ-ا, ع/ɔ/, /ʔ/U+10D00
𐴁BA𐴁𐴢 ـ𐴁ـ bب/b/U+10D01
𐴃TA𐴃𐴢 ـ𐴃ـ tت, ط/t/U+10D03
𐴄TTA𐴄𐴢 ـ𐴄ـ thٹ/ʈ/U+10D04
𐴅JA𐴅 ـ𐴅ـ jج/ɟ/U+10D05
𐴆CA𐴆 ـ𐴆ـ chچ/c/U+10D06
𐴇HA𐴇𐴢 ـ𐴇ـ h, h'ح, ه/h/U+10D07
𐴈KHA𐴈𐴢 ـ𐴈ـ h, khخ/x/U+10D08
𐴉ဖဟFA𐴉𐴢 ـ𐴉ـ f‌‌ ف/f/U+10D09
𐴂PA𐴂𐴢 ـ𐴂ـ pپ/p/U+10D02
𐴊DA𐴊𐴢 ـ𐴊ـ d‌د, ض/d/U+10D0A
𐴋DDA𐴋 ـ𐴋ـ dhڈ/ɖ/U+10D0B
𐴌RA𐴌ـ𐴌ـ rر/ɾ/U+10D0C
𐴍RRA𐴍ـ𐴍ـ çڑ/ɽ/U+10D0D
𐴎ZA𐴎ـ𐴎ـ z‌ ز, ذ, ظ/z/U+10D0E
𐴏SA𐴏𐴢ـ𐴏ـ sس, ص/s/U+10D0F
𐴐SHA𐴐𐴢ـ𐴐ـ c‌ش/ʃ/U+10D10
𐴑KA𐴑 ـ𐴑ـ k‌ ك, ق/k/U+10D11
𐴒GA𐴒𐴢ـ𐴒ـ g‌ گ/g/U+10D12
𐴓LA𐴓𐴢 ـ𐴓ـ l‌ ل/l/U+10D13
𐴔MA𐴔ـ𐴔ـ mم/m/U+10D14
𐴕NA𐴕ـ𐴕ـ nن/n/U+10D15
𐴖WA𐴖𐴢ـ𐴖ـ v‌ و/ʋ/, /v/U+10D16
𐴗KINNA WA𐴗𐴢ـ𐴗ـ u‌ و//
(for cluster or diphthong)
U+10D17
𐴘YA𐴘ـ𐴘ـ y‌ ي/j/U+10D18
𐴙KINNA YA𐴙𐴢ـ𐴙ـ i‌ ي//
(for cluster or diphthong)
U+10D19
𐴚NGA = gan𐴚ـ𐴚ـ ngڠ/ŋ/U+10D1A
𐴛NYA = nayya𐴛ـ𐴛ـ nyني/ɲ/U+10D1B
𐴜VA𐴜𐴢ـ𐴜ـ vڤ/v/U+10D1C
𐴧Tassidouble consonantّU+10D27

Vowels and tone markers

CharacterNameLatin ScriptArabic ScriptPronunciationUnicodeCharacterNameLatin ScriptArabic ScriptType IPA Unicode
𐴝aa-fora◌َ/a/U+10D1D𐴢Sakin (Ttura/Les)none◌ۡVowel silencernoneU+10D22
𐴞i-fori‌ ◌ِ/i/U+10D1E𐴣Na-Khonnañ (full letter)ں, ◌ً, ◌ࣧ, ◌ٍ, ◌ࣩ, ◌ٌ, ◌ࣨNasalization mark/◌̃/U+10D23
𐴟u-foru‌ ◌ُ/u/U+10D1F◌𐴤Harbaiá (acute accent)‌ ◌࣪ / ◌࣭‎Short high tone/˥/U+10D24
𐴠e-fore◌ࣦ/e/U+10D20◌𐴥Telaáa (double, acute at first)◌࣫ / ◌࣮‎Long falling tone/˥˩/U+10D25
𐴡o-foro◌ࣤ, ◌ࣥ/o/U+10D21◌𐴦Tanaaá (double, acute at second)◌࣬ / ◌࣯‎Long rising tone/˨˦/U+10D26

Numbers

Mohammad Hanif and his colleagues also created a set of numerals for the Rohingya language, The numbers are based on the Hindu–Arabic numerals but with some modifications.

Namesifírekduitinsairfañsháñtañcthono
𐴏𐴞𐴉𐴞𐴥𐴌𐴀𐴠𐴑𐴊𐴟𐴘𐴃𐴞𐴕𐴏𐴝𐴙𐴌𐴉𐴝𐴣𐴏𐴢𐴏𐴡𐴥𐴇𐴝𐴥𐴣𐴃𐴢𐴀𐴝𐴣𐴐𐴄𐴡𐴕𐴡
سِفِ࣭رۡاࣦكۡدُيۡتِنۡسَيۡرۡفَنسۡسࣤ࣪حَ࣪نتۡاَنشۡٹࣤنࣤ
Digit𐴰𐴱𐴲𐴳𐴴𐴵𐴶𐴷𐴸𐴹
UnicodeU+10D30U+10D31U+10D32U+10D33U+10D34U+10D35U+10D36U+10D37U+10D38U+10D39

Unicode

The Hanifi Rohingya script was added to the Unicode Standard in June 2018 with the release of version 11.0. Proposals to include it in Unicode were written by linguist Anshuman Pandey. [6]

The Unicode block for Hanifi Rohingya is U+10D00–U+10D3F and contains 50 characters: [7]

Hanifi Rohingya [1] [2]
Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF)
 0123456789ABCDEF
U+10D0x𐴀𐴁𐴂𐴃𐴄𐴅𐴆𐴇𐴈𐴉𐴊𐴋𐴌𐴍𐴎𐴏
U+10D1x𐴐𐴑𐴒𐴓𐴔𐴕𐴖𐴗𐴘𐴙𐴚𐴛𐴜𐴝𐴞𐴟
U+10D2x𐴠𐴡𐴢𐴣𐴤𐴥𐴦𐴧
U+10D3x𐴰𐴱𐴲𐴳𐴴𐴵𐴶𐴷𐴸𐴹
Notes
1. ^ As of Unicode version 15.1
2. ^ Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points

Fonts

Google's Noto Sans has developed a Rohingya script font called Noto Sans Hanifi Rohingya, available at GitHub.

Rohingya keyboard

Layout of the Rohingya virtual keyboard. Rohingya-Keyboard-online.jpg
Layout of the Rohingya virtual keyboard.

A virtual keyboard was developed by Google for the Rohingya language in 2019 and allows users to type in the Rohingya script. Ahkter Husin, a Rohingya software developer developed a keyboard for Android phones which is available on Google Play Store. Users can download here. Ahkter Husin and Kyaw Zay Ya Lin Tun developed a keyboard app for iOS which can be found here. The Rohingya Unicode keyboard layout can be found here.

Sample text

The following is a sample text in Rohingya of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights with English, contrasted with versions of the text in Bengali and Assamese.

Rohingya in Hanifi Script.𐴔𐴝𐴕𐴟𐴤𐴞𐴐 𐴁𐴠𐴒𐴧𐴟𐴤𐴕 𐴝𐴎𐴝𐴊 𐴇𐴞𐴤𐴏𐴝𐴉𐴠,. 𐴝𐴌 𐴞𐴎𐴧𐴡𐴃𐴝𐴌𐴊𐴠 𐴇𐴡𐴤𐴑 𐴡𐴤𐴑𐴧𐴡𐴓 𐴡𐴤𐴃, 𐴉𐴟𐴤𐴝𐴞𐴕𐴧𐴝 𐴇𐴞𐴤𐴏𐴝𐴉𐴠 𐴉𐴡𐴞𐴊𐴝 𐴡𐴤𐴞𐴘𐴠. 𐴉𐴡𐴃𐴧𐴞𐴤 𐴞𐴕𐴏𐴝𐴤𐴕 𐴡𐴤𐴃𐴧𐴟 𐴇𐴡𐴕𐴡𐴤 𐴉𐴡𐴌𐴡𐴤𐴑. 𐴏𐴝𐴤𐴌𐴝 𐴠𐴓𐴝𐴕 𐴡𐴃 𐴀𐴏𐴠𐴤𐴊𐴠 𐴃𐴝𐴔𐴝𐴤𐴔 𐴇𐴡𐴤𐴑 𐴡𐴤𐴑𐴧𐴡𐴓 𐴝𐴌𐴊𐴠 𐴝𐴎𐴝𐴊𐴞 𐴡𐴤𐴑𐴧𐴡𐴓 𐴓𐴡𐴞 𐴉𐴝𐴥𐴞𐴊𐴝 𐴒𐴡𐴌𐴡𐴥𐴕 𐴡𐴤𐴌 𐴇𐴡𐴤𐴑 𐴝𐴌, 𐴃𐴝𐴌𐴝𐴤𐴌𐴠, 𐴊𐴞𐴓 𐴝𐴌𐴊𐴠 𐴊𐴠𐴔𐴝𐴑 𐴊𐴞𐴘𐴠𐴤. 𐴡𐴤𐴃𐴡𐴓𐴧𐴝, 𐴃𐴝𐴌𐴝𐴤𐴃𐴧𐴟 𐴠𐴑𐴎𐴡𐴕 𐴓𐴡𐴞. 𐴝𐴌𐴠𐴑𐴎𐴡𐴕 𐴁𐴝𐴤𐴞 𐴇𐴞𐴤𐴏𐴝𐴉𐴠 𐴔𐴝𐴧𐴔𐴠𐴓𐴝 𐴒𐴡𐴌𐴡𐴥𐴕 𐴏𐴝𐴦.
Rohingya in Rohingya Arabic Scriptمَنُ࣪شۡ بࣦگُّ࣪نۡ اَزَدۡ حِ࣭سَفࣦ، اَرۡ عِزّࣤتۡ اَرۡدࣦ حࣤ࣪قۡ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ اࣤ࣪تۡ، فُ࣪وَ࣪نَّ࣪ࢬ حِ࣭سَفࣦ فࣤيۡدَ اࣤ࣪يّࣦ. فࣤتِّ اِنۡسَ࣪نۡ اࣤ࣪تُّ هࣤنࣤ࣪ فࣤرࣤ࣪كۡ سَ࣪رَ࣪ عࣦلَنۡ اࣤتۡ اَسࣦ࣭دࣦ تَمَ࣪مۡ حࣤ࣪قۡ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ اَرۡدࣦ اَزَدِ اࣤ࣪كّࣤلۡ لࣤيۡ فَ࣫يۡدَ࣪ گࣤرࣤ࣫نۡ اࣤ࣪رۡ حࣤ࣪قۡ اَسࣦ࣭. اَرۡ، تَرَ࣪رࣦ࣭ دِلۡ اَرۡدࣦ دࣦمَكۡ دِيࣦ࣭ اࣤ࣪تࣤ࣪لَّ، تَرَ࣪تُّ࣪ اࣦك زࣤنۡ لࣤيۡ اَرۡ اࣦكۡزࣤنۡ بَ࣪يۡ حِ࣭سَفࣦ مَامَلَ گࣤرࣤ࣫نۡ سَ࣬.
English original:"All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood."

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References

  1. "Rohingya alphabets, pronunciation and language". Omniglot . Simon Ager. Archived from the original on 15 November 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
  2. James, Ian (5 July 2012). "Hanifi alphabet for Rohingya". Sky Knowledge. Archived from the original on 9 December 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
  3. Ager, Simon. "Hanifi Rohingya alphabet".
  4. This table can be viewed correctly using Firefox and the font Noto Sans Rohingya.
  5. "Unicode 11.0.0". Unicode Consortium. Archived from the original on 2018-06-06. Retrieved 2018-06-05.
  6. Pandey, Anshuman (27 October 2015). "Proposal to encode the Hanifi Rohingya script in Unicode" (PDF). The Unicode Consortium. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
  7. "Unicode 11.0.0". Unicode Consortium. 5 June 2018. Archived from the original on 6 June 2018. Retrieved 5 June 2018.