Karani script

Last updated
Karani script
Karaṇī akṣara
କରଣି ଅକ୍ଷର
Koroni or Chata script sample.jpg
Karani script sample from
Purnachandra Odia Bhashakosha
Script type
Time period
c. 1700 - 1900s CE [1]
Languages Odia language
Related scripts
Parent systems
Odia script (cursive style)
  • Karani script
 This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

Karani or Chhata was a handwritten cursive writing system historically used to write the Odia language [2] [3] [4] primarily for court, land, temple and accounting records, and other administrative purposes. [5] Karani was quite different from [6] the printed form, the Odia script, which replaced it. [5] Karani gradually became unintelligible to the readers of the latter. [7] The writers historically belonged to the Karan caste group who were designated to use Karani. [5] The script was used in the Odia-speaking regions during British Raj including the Orissa Tributary States. Both the names "karani" and "karana" are derived from "karani", a metal stylus used for writing on palm leaf. [8] [9] Historical records from mid-eighteenth century were written in this script. [10] Karani was written both on palm leaves and paper.

Contents

History

Karani is often explained as "karaninabaja" or "chhata", a "running" script with mistakes introduced by the Karanas, making it less standard. The script also did not use spaces between words and lacked punctuations, both allowing the writers to write fast, but making it hard to decipher later. [11]

Influence on modern Odia script

Karani diacritic remnant in Odia script
Vowel LetterDiacritic forms
For the vowel ଇ (short i), the standard Odia diacritic form is ି. Eg- For consonant କ (ka) - କି (ki)
But for these consonants - ଖ (kha), ଥ (tha), ଧ (dha), the equivalent ଇ diacritic from Karani script is also used.		ଖି (khi)
ଥି (thi)
ଧି (dhi)

References

  1. ↑ "CHAPTER - IV: DEVELOPMENT OF ORIYA SCRIPT, LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE" (PDF). Shodhganga. 27 September 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  2. ↑ Tripāṭhī, Kunjabihari (1962). The Evolution of Oriya Language and Script. Utkal University. p. 33. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
  3. ↑ Chitararijan Behera (2012). "ପ୍ରାଚୀନ ସାହିତ୍ୟଗ୍ରନ୍ଥ ସଂପାଦନା-୧" (PDF). Shodhganga. Utkal University. p. 56. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
  4. ↑ Diringer, David (1948). Alphabet a key to the history of mankind. p. 366.
  5. 1 2 3 Pattanayak, D. P. (1991). "Linguistic and Religious Identity in India". India International Centre Quarterly. 18 (4): 101–106. ISSN   0376-9771. JSTOR   23002249.
  6. ↑ Young, A.H. (1912). First Lessons in Oriya (in French). Orissa Mission Press. p. 1. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
  7. ↑ Jnanamandal. Cuttack: Jnanamandal Publications. 1 December 1960. pp. 17, 18.
  8. ↑ Rath, Saraju (2012). "The Oriya Script: Origin, Development and Sources". International Institute for Asian Studies.
  9. ↑ "Purnachandra Odia Bhashakosha by Gopal Chandra Praharaj (Preface + All 7 Volumes)". archive.org. Retrieved 3 September 2020.
  10. ↑ Tanabe, Akio (December 2005). "The system of entitlements in eighteenth-century khurda, Orissa: Reconsidering 'caste' and 'community' in late pre-colonial India". South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies. 28 (3): 345–385. doi:10.1080/00856400500337768.
  11. ↑ Shankar, B., Mishra, P., Sagnika, S., Pattanaik, A. "Engaging with an Indian Epic: A Digital Approach". International Journal of Computer Applications. 975: 8887.
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